Graphical Techniques

GraphicalTechniquesInstructions3651.xlsx

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Data

Graphic Tutorials		These instructions have been updated for MS Excel 365
Data	Rank	UK Shopping Centre	Region	Area (m2)	2018 Annual Visitors (mil)	% by Area
	1	Westfield London	Greater London	235,900	27.5	13.5
	2	intu Metrocentre	North East England	192,900	21	11
	3	intu Trafford Centre	North West England	188,000	31	10.8
	4	Westfield Stratford City	Greater London	184,100	49.5	10.5
	5	Bluewater	South East England	169,200	28	9.7
	6	Bullring Estate[a]	West Midlands	163,000	36.9	9.3
	7	Manchester Arndale	North West England	155,200	42	8.9
	8	intu Merry Hill	West Midlands	155,200	18	8.9
	9	Liverpool One	North West England	154,000	26	8.8
	10	intu Lakeside	South East England	149,800	20	8.6
			Total Area	1,747,300		100
Reference
Wikipedia. (2020, 4 August, at 23:57 UTC). List of shopping centres in the United Kingdom by size. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_shopping_centres_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_size
	UK Shopping Centre		Fictitious Data				Fictitious Data
Data	Westfield London
	Month	2018 Visitors (mil)		Quarter	Westfield London	Metrocentre	Trafford Centre
	1	2.0		Q1	6.8	5.0	7.6
	2	2.3		Q2	8.3	6.5	6.3
	3	2.5		Q3	7.2	4.3	9.8
	4	2.5		Q4	5.2	5.2	7.3
	5	3.6
	6	2.2			27.5	21.0	31.0
	7	2.6
	8	1.9
	9	2.7
	10	1.7
	11	2.3
	12	1.2
		27.5

Bar Chart

Bar Chart
This will normally display one qualitative variable in terms of frequency
Data	UK Shopping Centre	Area (m2)	Step 1	Select both columns
	Westfield London	235,900
	intu Metrocentre	192,900
	intu Trafford Centre	188,000
	Westfield Stratford City	184,100
	Bluewater	169,200
	Bullring Estate[a]	163,000
	Manchester Arndale	155,200
	intu Merry Hill	155,200
	Liverpool One	154,000
	intu Lakeside	149,800
			Step 2	Insert 2D Column or 2D Bar Chart
					Either vertical or horizontal columns create a bar chart
			Step 3	Add the Axis Titles. The Chart Title is optional for this assignment.
				We can see that the horizontal bar chart categories are easier to read.
				a. Deleted Chart Title
				b. Click on Chart border
				c. Click on Chart Design (top menu)
				d. Click on Add Char Element
				e. Click Axis Titles
				f. Primary Horizontal
				Type Area m2
				g. Primary Horizontal
				Type UK Shopping Centre
				Things to know
				The axis values begin at zero.

Area (m2) Westfield London intu Metrocentre intu Trafford Centre Westfield Stratford City Bluewater Bullring Estate[a ] Manchester Arndale intu Merry Hill Liverpool One intu Lakeside 235900 192900 188000 184100 169200 163000 155200 155200 154000 149800

UK Shopping Centre

Area m2

Stacked Bar Chart

Stacked Bar Chart
This will display more than one qualitative variable in terms of frequency						Fictitious Data
Data	UK Shopping Centre	Quarter	Westfield London	Metrocentre	Trafford Centre		Step 1	Select right three columns
		Q1	6.8	5.0	7.6
		Q2	8.3	6.5	6.3
		Q3	7.2	4.3	9.8
		Q4	5.2	5.2	7.3
			27.5	21.0	31.0
							Step 2	Insert 2D Column or 2D Bar Chart
							Step 3	Add the Axis Titles. The Chart Title is optional for this assignment.
								We can see that the horizontal bar chart categories are easier to read.
								a. Deleted Chart Title
								b. Click on Chart border
								c. Click on Chart Design (top menu)
								d. Click on Add Char Element
								e. Click Axis Titles
								f. Primary Horizontal
								Type Quarter (2028)
								g. Primary Horizontal
								Type Visitors (Millions)
								h. Add column labels
								Need to replace the 1, 2, 3, 4
								Click on Chart border
								Click on Chart Design (top menu)
								Click on Select Data
								Click on Edit
								Select the first column (Quarter)
									OK, OK
								Things to know
								The axis values begin at zero.

Westfield London 6.8 8.3000000000000007 7.2 5.2 Metrocentre 5 6.5 4.3 5.2 Trafford Centre 7.6 6.3 9.8000000000000007 7.3

Quarter (2018)

Visitors (Millions)

Westfield London Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 6.8 8.3000000000000007 7.2 5.2 Metrocentre Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 5 6.5 4.3 5.2 Trafford Centre Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 7.6 6.3 9.8000000000000007 7.3

Quarter (2018)

Visitors (Millions)

Line Chart

Line Chart
This will display one quantitative variable in chronological order.				Fictitious Data
Data	UK Shopping Centre	Month	2018 Visitors (mil)		We may want to know if the visitor volume each month
	Westfield London	1	2.0
		2	2.3		x	Month
		3	2.5		y	Visitors per Month (Mil)
		4	2.5
		5	3.6		Step 1	Select right column
		6	2.2
		7	2.6
		8	1.9
		9	2.7
		10	1.7
		11	2.3
		12	1.2
			27.5
					Step 2	Insert 2D Line
					Step 3	Add the Axis Titles. The Chart Title is optional for this assignment.
						a. Deleted Chart Title
						b. Click on Chart border
						c. Click on Chart Design (top menu)
						d. Click on Add Char Element
						e. Click Axis Titles
						f. Primary Horizontal
						Type Month (Year 2018)
						g. Primary Horizontal
						Type Visitors (Millions)
						Things to know
						The axis values begin at zero.

2018 Visitors (mil) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 2.2999999999999998 2.5 2.5 3.6 2.2000000000000002 2.6 1.9 2.7 1.7

Month (Year 2018)

Visitors (Millions)

2018 Visitors (mil) 2 2.2999999999999998 2.5 2.5 3.6 2.2000000000000002 2.6 1.9 2.7 1.7 2.2999999999999998 1.2

Pie Chart

Pie Chart
This will normally display one qualitative variable in terms of frequency or percentage
Data	UK Shopping Centre	% by Area	Step 1	Select both columns
	Westfield London	13.5
	intu Metrocentre	11
	intu Trafford Centre	10.8
	Westfield Stratford City	10.5
	Bluewater	9.7
	Bullring Estate[a]	9.3
	Manchester Arndale	8.9
	intu Merry Hill	8.9
	Liverpool One	8.8
	intu Lakeside	8.6
			Step 2	Insert 2D Pie
			Step 3	Add the Percents and Categories. The Chart Title is optional for this assignment.
				a. Deleted Chart Title
				b. Click on Chart border
				c. Click on Chart Design (top menu)
				d. Click on Add Char Element
				e. Data Labels
				Outside End
				f. Data Labels
				More Data Label Options
				Check Category Name
				g. Legend
				None

% by Area Westfield London intu Metrocentre intu Trafford Centre Westfield Stra tford City Bluewater Bullring Estate[a ] Manchester Arndale intu Merry Hill Liverpool One intu Lakeside 13.5 11 10.8 10.5 9.6999999999999993 9.3000000000000007 8.9 8.9 8.8000000000000007 8.6

% by Area Westfield London intu Metrocentre intu Trafford Centre Westfield Stratford City Bluewater Bullring Estate[a ] Manchester Arndale intu Merry Hill Liverpool One intu Lakeside 13.5 11 10.8 10.5 9.6999999999999993 9.3000000000000007 8.9 8.9 8.8000000000000007 8.6

% by Area

Westfield London intu Metrocentre intu Trafford Centre Westfield Stratford City Bluewater Bullring Estate[a ] Manchester Arndale intu Merry Hill Liverpool One intu Lakeside 13.5 11 10.8 10.5 9.6999999999999993 9.3000000000000007 8.9 8.9 8.8000000000000007 8.6

Scatterplot

Scaterplot
This will display two quantitative variables (x,y)
Data	UK Shopping Centre	Area (m2)	2018 Annual Visitors (mil)	We may want to know if the visitor volume is related to shopping area.
	Westfield London	235,900	27.5	In Week 5, we could write a hypothesis question as such
	intu Metrocentre	192,900	21	Is there a correlation between annual visitors based on shopping areas?
	intu Trafford Centre	188,000	31	x	Area
	Westfield Stratford City	184,100	49.5	y	Annual Visitors
	Bluewater	169,200	28
	Bullring Estate[a]	163,000	36.9	Step 1	Select both columns
	Manchester Arndale	155,200	42		In Excel, the column on the left is x.
	intu Merry Hill	155,200	18
	Liverpool One	154,000	26
	intu Lakeside	149,800	20
				Step 2	Insert Scatter
				Step 3	Add the Axis Titles. The Chart Title is optional for this assignment.
					a. Deleted Chart Title
					b. Click on Chart border
					c. Click on Chart Design (top menu)
					d. Click on Add Char Element
					e. Click Axis Titles
					f. Primary Horizontal
					Type Area m2
					g. Primary Horizontal
					Type Annual Visitors (Millions)
					Things to know
					The axis values begin at zero.
				Optional	h. You may add a Trendline
					Click chart border
					Right click on any data dot
					Add Trendline
					Trendline Option - Linear
					Check Display Equation
					Check Display R-squared
					The equation is similar to what was learned in Algegra, y = mx + b
					m = 2E-05
					This is scientific notation for m = 2x10-5 or .00005
					b = 26.066
					Thr R-squared measures the data fit. As we can see, the slope is nearly zero as well as the R-squared.

2018 Annual Visitors (mil) 235900 192900 188000 184100 169200 163000 155200 155200 154000 149800 27.5 21 31 49.5 28 36.9 42 18 26 20

Area m2

Annual Visitors (millions)

2018 Annual Visitors (mil)

235900 192900 188000 184100 169200 163000 155200 155200 154000 149800 27.5 21 31 49.5 28 36.9 42 18 26 20

Area m2

Annual Visitors (millions)

Pivot Table

Pivot Table
This will create a table of counts from a large amount of nominal-level data.					Fictitious Data
	Guest Opin	Step 1	Click on Insert
	Greatly Not Liked
	Indifferent
	Not Liked
	Liked
	Indifferent	Step 2	Click anywhere in the data
	Indifferent
	Not Liked	Step 3	Click on Pivot Table
	Greatly Liked		Either one is fine but the Recommended has fewer steps
	Liked
	Liked
	Not Liked
	Liked
	Liked
	Indifferent
	Not Liked
	Greatly Not Liked	Step 4	Click OK	It will create a new sheet with the pivot table
	Greatly Not Liked
	Not Liked
	Not Liked
	Not Liked
	Greatly Liked
	Indifferent
	Indifferent
	Indifferent
	Greatly Not Liked
		Step 5
			Click in the box Guest Opin
			Drag Guest Opin to the Values box
			The table is automatically crdated.
			You may "x" to close the right window

Box Plot

A box plot is useful for detecting outliers in the data. This is also called the Five Number Summary

UK Shopping Centre

Area (m2)

Step 1

Select the numeric data

Westfield London

235,900

intu Metrocentre

192,900

intu Trafford Centre

188,000

Westfield Stratford City

184,100

Bluewater

169,200

Bullring Estate[a]

163,000

Manchester Arndale

155,200

intu Merry Hill

155,200

Liverpool One

154,000

intu Lakeside

149,800

Minimum

149,800

Quartile 1

155200

Median

166,100

Quartile 3

187,025

Maximum

235,900

Step 2

Box and Whisker

Step 3

Add the Axis Titles. The Chart Title is optional for this assignment.

a. Deleted Chart Title

b. Click on Chart border

c. Click on Chart Design (top menu)

d. Click on Add Char Element

e. Click Axis Titles

f. Primary Horizontal

Type UK Shopping Centre

g. Primary Horizontal

Type Annual Visitors (Millions)

Things to know

The axis values begin at zero.

Five Number Summary

The shading is often dark and hides the markings

Minimum

149800

Quartile 1

155200

Median

166100

Quartile 3

187025

Maximum

235900