Background and Significance Sections of the Grant Proposal

Running Head: Stigmatization and Discrimination on HIV/AIDS Patients 1

Stigmatization and Discrimination on HIV/AIDS Patients 6

Stigmatization and Discrimination on HIV/AIDS Patients

Name

University

Professor

May 7, 2018

Specific Aims

We cannot deny the fact that stigmatization is still in existence in many communities globally. This has been the case since the beginning of this epidemic for it has brought about fear, denial, and ignorance affecting many people. Stigmatization wage war against HIV/AIDs patients by creating a culture that is not necessary in terms of silence and secrecy. People living with HIV/AIDS have been blamed and isolated and are also perceived misfits in the society to some extent.

Taking, for instance, a country like Nigeria, it has been clearly seen that one of the problems resulting HIV misconception and perception is due to a low-level knowledge or awareness of the disease (Ibrahim, Opara & Tanimomo, 2007). Many are the views and perceptions towards the same whereby most people term those living with HIV/AIDS as immoral. It has been seen that most there is tension among family members and neighbors plummeting their contact which leads to those living with AIDS giving up on their dreams especially if they involved being closer to people such as attending meetings and church.

This study aims to illuminate the experiences HIV/AIDS patients undergo when stigmatized and discriminated and bring into perspective the mandate of services that seek their health welfare.

Background

The root of health problems regarding the health of HIV/AIDS patients is stigma and discrimination. This has largely impacted not only their health but also their well-being negatively despite the global efforts put forth. The impact is also felt by families and communities where there are growing children who are also affected as a result in terms of developmental pathways and outcomes (Usha et al., 2014). Stigma in depth has been defined as the result of interacting with its components which are; labeling, status loss, separation, stereotyping, and discrimination (Hongjie, 2014). In this context, it can be viewed as discounting and discrediting those who are living with HIV/AIDS.

According to (Susan E, 2012) stigma poses a psychological threat and challenge especially to those who live with HIV/AIDS. They further found that consequences related to the stigma depend on the way people manage to cope with the kind of stress involved. Understanding and identifying with the experiences of living with HIV/AIDS may be of great help to improving the lives of those affected in a positive psychological manner. Despite the awareness of the risks involved in HIV transmission, there are still negative responses that hurt their emotions. It has been seen that the effects of stigmatization are more severe among HIV/AIDS patients as compared to others living different medical conditions.

Significance

The proposed research will bring to light the need to stop stigmatization and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS. This will help solve the health system problem for the patients’ health care systems with an aim of seeking better services (Soc, 2012). The project will explore to describe the experiences faced by people living with HIV and in what areas of life in specific they are most affected. Those who carry the burden of the people who are victimized are the ones affected while to those on the other end get to have the sense of protection.

In addition, the findings of the study will greatly help in reducing stigma and discrimination by making known the facts that yield to the above-mentioned. It will bring forth the attitudes and behaviors people ought to have towards those victimized, the choice of words they should use as they should all focus on the positive. Moreover, people will be educated concerning the same empowering them to stand out and defend the cause of the victims whenever necessary. Being radicle in defense to those living with HIV/AIDS bring change to many lives in responding to negative words used against them as well as incorrect descriptions and prejudices (Odimegwu, 2013).

Proposed Study

Participants:

The domain of the study will target research centers and clinics the study sample size will consist of male and females in equal measure. The participants will have to be in good mental, cognitional, and physical condition. The age will range from 18-60 years old including students, employees, and unemployed as well as old cutting across all continents, and social statuses.

Procedures:

The snowball technique in mind will allow the research to gain more insight and information on the data to be collected as opposed to other sampling technique (Caroline et al., 2013). Deep face-to-face interviews will be conducted in collecting the data. The interview will consist of open-end questions for instance, “What challenges have you faced in your social life?”. The response to the question would then lead the researcher to the form the probing questions. The research targets to last 50-75 minutes depending on the participant’s choice. Data collection will continue until a saturation point is met with a target sample size of 100 participants.

Hypothesis and Analysis:

The interviews will be recorded and transformed into a codebook. This will be achieved by coding so as to identify key interview texts that would be found as insightful and relevant to the study. Quantitative applications to some extent can be enabled through structural coding. Depending on the number of the participants involved, for instance, varying code occurrences could be determined with an aim to help in identifying the ideas commonly seen in many of the participants distinguishing them from those that are seldom mentioned to a group of respondents (Takács, 2013).

Budget Justification

Direct Costs:

Personnel:

A graduate research assistant who will be the one to coordinate and supervise every aspect concerning the study. He/she will work for 20-hours a week for 12 months at the rate of $25 per hour which will add up to $24000 a year.

A Principal Investigator will supervise the work done by the research assistant and assess the progress of the research. This will be done at intervals of once per 3 months at a fee of $250 per each assessment summing up to $1000 the whole year.

Equipment:

The research will require a laptop computer with a minimum of 8gb RAM, 3.2 GHz processing speed Intel core i9 7th generation $2500, a video camera $1500 and video editing software $500.

Travel:

Meeting with the target people will mean taking an average of $15000 which will vary depending on the location of the respondent.

Participant Support

Participants will be reimbursed each $100 as a token of appreciation for participation summing up to $10000.

Miscellaneous Expenses

$2500 will be allocated for photocopying, phone bills, postage, and stationery.

Indirect Costs:

Total Costs = 57000

Indirect Cost = 57000*0.37 = $21375

References

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