Please go through the attached Journal and answer the below question

A simplified mathematical-computational model of the immune response to the yellow fever vaccine

1. This model can be improved in a way if there are more test subjects and more variables and parameters with test data is added. Plus the mathematical process is always improvable so if there is an equation which is more better for this experiments then it’s can improve the model and experiment with development. Another try is to improve the qualitative results obtained from our model. Additional computational experiments, such as the effects of a) a booster dose and b) a reduction in the population of TCD8+ naive. Also, a sensitivity analysis will be performed to identify sensitive parameters and to identify connections between change in parameters values and computational results.

2. if more cases or more experiments were added then it could be more expanded research and could improve the research more but the similar results are achieved by the shorter experiments so we can say this number of experiments were enough. But there is always a room left for improvements. The second difference between the two models is that this work reduces the amount of equations from 19 to 10. The reduced model described in this work considers only the main populations of cells and molecules involved in the response to the vaccine, and abstracts some details that are not crucial to represent the behavior of the immune response. For example, the distinct compartments are not represented here. Also, some populations were not considered because no experimental data is available to validate the simulations, such as the CD4+ T cells. In future, more cell or molecule can be included in the model again, if its role is important to explain or represent some behavior that the reduced model presented in this section could not represent. That was something in the first paper journal which was not satisfactory for me.

3. This model can be applied to the numerous medical applications like cancer immunity and other immune vaccinations for the diseases or viruses in the open environment which are lethal and are possible to cure in the future. The virus cannot proliferate itself, it needs to infect a cell and use it as a factory for new viruses. This is implicitly considered in the term πvV , which represents the multiplication of the virus in the body, with a production rate πv. The term cv1V cv2+V denotes a non-specific viral clearance made by the innate immune system

4. The main problem which was to solve is that the author needs something authentic calculations to perform the experiment to show the results of that experiment as negative and for that only programming and developing an algorithm or a program is not enough. It needs the proper calculations of the human body and cells about each and every details in depth. So that’s why it was necessary to include the calculations in the immune system development. Previously the author wasn’t including proper calculations so the API for python wasn’t providing the accurate results. Because the default made up API’s would response only to limited calculations. But he need some extensive and complex calculations so it was necessary to include it in. in this research mathematical model is being used as a tool to assist the research in vaccinology and public health. With the use of mathematical and computational models, it is possible to experiment, in silico, different scenarios related to vaccination, for answering important questions still open.

5. The model discussed in this paper is based on the previous study on mathematical model which describes the human immune response to the infection by YF virus. For this development of the model code was built in python programming which included libraries for solving mathematical problems. It was scipy. It was tested on different human cells and each of the antibody response generates the results of the experiments and test. The model is then evaluated using distinct scenarios, and as will be shown, it was able to qualitatively reproduce some experimental results reported in the literature. The results were found to be improved than in the previous study and the conclusion for the paper is that he validated the model with two distinct scenarios that were simulated. The first one simulates the immune response to the administration of the standard dose of the 17DD-YFV. The second one simulates the immune response to distinct doses of vaccine and then compared the two results to find out the best.

References Bonin, C., Fernandes, G., dos Santos, R., & Lobosco , M. (2017). A simplified mathematical-computational model of the immune response to the yellow fever vaccine. 7-8. Kumar, M., A. S., MB, M. M., Vinodini , V. M., & Lakshmi , A. K. (2018). Forecasting of Annual Crime Rate in India : A case Study . International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics, 6.