Signature Project + Major Assignment (A+ Required)

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ED504 Techniques of Educational Research

Major Assignment 2 Template

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Major Assignment 2 Template: Review of Literature

Candidates will use this form as a template. Copy and download. Do not delete any portion of this template. Respond to each prompt with essay style answers within the template. Save and submit through the assignments tab in the Course Content section.

You will conduct a literature review, following APA format (most recent published editions), and become familiar with the scholarly debate surrounding your topic, and what scholars and practitioners say about the best way to address the particular need or problem identified through the data analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Reviewing and writing a Review of Literature on your chosen topic for the purpose of completing UWA’s Signature Project Stage 1 assignment.

RESPOND TO THE FOLLOWING PROMPTS:

1. Provide a brief overview of the problem and need that was presented in Major Assignment 1.

Students who have been identified for special education services in the 4th and 5th grade are struggling to recall and retain information taught in their mathematics classes, resulting in a decrease in overall proficiency. There is a need for teachers to implement multisensory methods into their math instruction. Students need to be provided with opportunities to expand on their senses and find areas that engage and motivate them in the area of mathematics. The data represents low proficiency rates in mathematics. Multisensory teaching techniques have been shown to provide students with opportunities to understand important mathematical concepts (Rains, Kelly, & Durham, 2008).

2. Provide a developed statement of the research problem that demonstrates a sound and focused understanding of the identified problem.

3. Identify best practice(s) that will be used to address the problem or weakness.

Teachers will implement multisensory instruction during their mathematics classes. Teachers will model multisensory strategies and allow students to actively participate in their learning while involving all their senses. Teachers will observe students during the multisensory lessons and students will be progressed monitored using STAR assessments to determine if they are able to recall and retain the information being taught. This project will test the importance of implementing multisensory techniques within the math classrooms.

4. Describe a trend/theory that will be used to justify the use of the identified best practice(s) and clearly highlight the connection with the identified trend/theory to address the problem.

Multisensory strategies are connected to Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences. Multiple intelligences theory encourages teachers to respect individual intellectual abilities. As teachers incorporate various methods for learning and differentiate instruction in the classroom, they will see how it benefits each students’ understanding. It also increases their ability to apply knowledge to the real world.

5. Include content from the literature reviewed that supports the identified best practices as viable responses to the problem/weakness identified.

· Multisensory teaching techniques have been shown to provide students with opportunities to understand critical mathematical concepts (Rains, Kelly, & Durham, 2008).

· Math is used every day, and all students need opportunities to build upon their previous knowledge and skills while also being able to relate them to real-life (Vigdor, 2013).

· Over the years, multisensory teaching has received a lot of attention in the area of reading, and there have been many programs developed to help struggling readers (Morin, 2019).

· Multisensory technologies in STEAM classes positively impact student motivation and interest (Taljarrd, 2016).

· Multiple intelligence learning increased student mastery and interest. (Pratiwi, Rochintaniawati, & Agustin, 2018).

· For students with disabilities to make progress with the general education curriculum, they need to be provided multiple methods for learning (Kot, Terzioglu, Aktas, & Tikmus, 2018).

· Teachers who implement the multiple intelligences model and acknowledge the various learning styles within the classroom, will see an improvement in achievement in math (Eissa, 2013).

· From at least 5 years of age, multisensory strategies can be beneficial for students (Broadbent, Osborne, Mareschal, Kirkham, 2018.)

· According to Sener & Cokcaliskan (2018), as students identify their strengths and weaknesses, they are able to learn how to approach learning with various styles.

· Responsible learning and understanding occurs when multiple intelligences is implemented (Wilson, 2018).

6. Describe how the literature reviewed connects the identified theory/trend with all identified best practices.

7. Justify a theory or trend that is related to the problem or weakness.

Howard Gardner believed that students develop a passion for deeper thinking and exploring when their intelligences are acknowledged and fostered in the classroom. As teachers, adapt the multiple intelligences theory into instruction it can positively impact the quality of learning for students.

8. Include summaries of the sources reviewed.

Alabama Department of Education (2019). Education report card. Retrieved from https://www.alsde.edu/dept/erc/Pages/home.aspx

· The Alabama Department of Education releases a state report card every year for each school district and individual school. This report was used to determine math proficiency information for this proposal.

Baş, G. (2016). The effect of multiple intelligences theory-based education on academic achievement: A meta-analytic review. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 16(6), 1833–1864. doi: 10.12738/estp.2016.6.0015

· This study was used to help determine if multiple intelligence theory effects student academic achievement. The findings were as multiple intelligences theory was implemented during academic instruction it had a large effect on student achievement.

Broadbent, H. J., Osborne, T., Mareschal, D., & Kirkham, N. Z. (2018). Withstanding the test of time: Multisensory cues improve the delayed retention of incidental learning. Developmental Science, 22(1), 1–7. doi: 10.1111/desc.12726

· This study was used to research the benefits of multisensory learning and if it helps students retain information. The study found that the implementation of multisensory strategies resulted in higher retention rates.

Eissa, M. A., & Mostafa, A. A. (2013). Integrating multiple intelligences and learning styles on solving problems, achievement in, and attitudes towards math in six graders with learning disabilities in cooperative groups. International Journal of Psycho-Educational Sciences, 2(2), 32–45. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED565626.pdf

· This study was used to research the effectiveness of multiple intelligence theory and multisensory learning styles with students who have learning disabilities. The study founded when multiple intelligence theory and various learning styles are implemented in the classroom it has a positive effect on students.

Kot, M., Terzioglu, N. K., & Yikmis, A. (2018). Effectiveness of touch math technique: Meta-analysis study. European Journal of Special Education Research, 3(4), 100–111. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1326894

· This study was used to research the benefits of touch math. Multisensory learning techniques, such as touch math are important to help students with disabilities be able to understand, apply, and increase their abilities to complete addition problems.

Morin, A. (2019). Multisensory instruction: What you need to know. Retrieved from

https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/partneringwith-childs-school/instructional-strategies/multisensory-instruction-what-you need-to-know

· This resource defines multisensory instruction. Multisensory instruction involves implementing strategies for all the senses. Students have various learning styles and all students can benefit from being provided multiple opportunities to learn.

Pratiwi, W. N. W., Rochintaniawati, D., & Agustin, R. R. (2018). The effect of multiple intelligence-based learning towards students’ concept mastery and interest in matter. Journal of Science Learning, 1(2), 49–52. doi: 10.17509/jsl.v1i2.8739

· This study was used to research the effectiveness of multiple intelligence learning opportunities. After the completion of this study, it was determines that multiple intelligence learning opportunities increase skill mastery and also increase student overall interest in academics.

Rains, J. R., Kelly, C. A., & Durham, R. L. (2008). The evolution of the importance of multisensory teaching techniques in elementary mathematics: Theory and practice. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 4(2), 239–252. Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26522728_The_evolution_of_the_importance_of_multi- sensory_teaching_techniques_in_elementary_mathematics_theory_and_practice

· This study provided information on the benefits of multisensory teaching and how it allows students to increase their knowledge and skills. According to this study, multisensory teaching techniques have been shown to provide students with opportunities to understand critical mathematical concepts.

Taljaard, J. (2016). A review of multi-sensory technologies in a science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (steam) classroom. Journal of Learning Design, 9(2), 46–55. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1117662.pdf

· This resource was used to provide information on multisensory technologies in STEAM classes and their effects on student learning outcomes and engagement. It was concluded that multisensory technologies positively impact student motivation and interest.

Vigdor, J. L. (2013). Solving America's Math Problem: Tailor Instruction to the Varying Needs of the Students. Retrieved from

https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-313012647/solving-america-s-math-problem-tailor-instruction

· This resource discussed the importance of creating individualized instruction based on student need. This resource also noted the importance of math in every day life and how it ultimately impacts performance.

Wilson, S. D. (2018). Implementing co-creation and multiple intelligence practices to transform the classroom experience. Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER), 11(4), 127–132. doi: 10.19030/cier.v11i4.10206

· This resource provides information on Howard Garner’s multiple intelligences and other theory information. It discuses the relationship with co-creation practices and multiple intelligences. This resource emphasizes the importance for students to take responsibility for their learning.

Şener, S., & Çokçalışkan, A. (2018). An investigation between multiple intelligences and learning styles. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(2), 125–132. doi: 10.11114/jets.v6i2.2643

· This study was used to determine the connection between multiple intelligences and learning styles. Students took intelligence questionnaires, and then they were able to identify their areas of need. The findings of the study concluded students were able to become more proficient in academic areas when multiple learning styles were implemented.

9. Include a minimum of 10 sources (largely representative of the most recent five years) to describe/justify the best practice and/or theory identified.

Alabama Department of Education (2019). Education report card. Retrieved from https://www.alsde.edu/dept/erc/Pages/home.aspx

Morin, A. (2019). Multisensory instruction: What you need to know. Retrieved from

https://www.understood.org/en/school- learning/partneringwith-childs-school/instructional-strategies/multisensory-instruction-what-you need-to-know

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26522728_The_evolution_of_the_importance_of_multi- sensory_teaching_techniques_in_elementary_mathematics_theory_and_practice

· This study was used to focus on the benefits of implementing multisensory technology in the classroom. It was determined that multisensory technology increases both student motivation and interest in learning. An in motivation and interest often leads to an increase in skill mastery.

Vigdor, J. L. (2013). Solving America's Math Problem: Tailor Instruction to the Varying Needs of the Students. Retrieved from

https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-313012647/solving-america-s-math-problem-tailor-instruction

10. Include only sources in the review of literature that show clear connections with the best practice(s) and/or theory/trend identified as viable responses to the problem/weakness presented.

All these literature resources show a clear connection between multiple intelligence theory and multisensory instruction. Both the theory and instructional strategies can be applied in mathematics classes to increase students’ abilities to recall and retain information being taught.

11.Conclude the chapter with a synthesis of the literature and how it justifies the need for study.

Multiple intelligence theory emphasizes that everyone has their own learning style and these individual learning styles are connected to the various senses. Therefore, by implementing multisensory instruction in the classroom, it can increase retention in academic areas which leads to an increase in proficiency. All students can benefit from an individualized learning environment where their preferences are taken into consideration, respected, and where they can expand and grow in their knowledge and skills area. Multisensory instruction provides opportunities for students to participate in learning experiences that motivate them to be able to retain and recall information. Math is an important area for everyone, and it is critical that students increase their mathematics skills and proficiency.

Signature Project + Major Assignment (A+ Required)

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