Educational model
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GlobalEducationWeek5Presentation.pptxGlobal Education
Characteristics of Education Systems
Decentralized education systems in each country
Mandatory school going age
Higher education is not mandatory
Most countries require bachelor’s degree except Dutch
The countries have initiated technological reform movements
Among the four countries selected, a decentralized educational system is common in each country. These countries have a mandatory school going age, although years very in each country and according to states or provinces, children are required to attend school until they are between 16 to 18 years. Further education is not mandatory but they can join colleges, vocational training or join higher education. All countries except Netherlands require teachers to have bachelor’s degree, however, in Netherlands, a teacher can have a diploma from teacher colleges. The countries have initiated educational technology to make education accessible.
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Value, Beliefs Systems, and Culture Comparison
Each country has a unique value, belief systems and culture
All countries aim at imparting knowledge
They believe in responsible creative and integral students
The US believe essentialism, progressivism and perennialism
In Australia education focus on creativity and critical thinking
Dutch education is based on open-mindedness and creativity
In United States, Australia, Canada and Netherlands, education systems have different belief systems and values. However, they all aim at imparting knowledge and bringing up responsibility, integral and creative students with strong character. In the US the education system embraces on essentialism, perennialism, and progressivisms. In Australia, the education system focuses on innovation, creativity and critical thinking while in Canada the core values are equity and cultural pluralism. In Netherlands, education is based on open-mindedness, independence and creativity.
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Issues Affecting Technological Reforms Comparison
There are different issues affecting technology reforms in each country
In US budget limitation, unreliable devices and lack of training
In Canada, connectivity and internet connection
In Dutch, technology misuse
There are different issues affecting technological reforms on the countries researched. In the US major issues are budget limitation, unreliable devices and software and lack of personal training. In Australia, technological change is affected by informal education, and failures on the personalized training. Moreover, in Canada, integrating technology in education has been an issue and connectivity and internet speed which is not uniformly distributed. Countries like Netherlands, the reforms are affected by the misuse of technology by students and teacher knowledge.
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Results from the Reform Movement
Technological movement is a global endeavor
The aim is to provide equal opportunities (Kizilet & Özmen, 2017)
Unprecedented opportunities
Increased innovation and design
Student motivation and diversified learning
Flexible education
Technological reform movement has been a global endeavor where each country is striving to implement technology use in the education system. The aim is to provide equal opportunities for students in the twelve years most of the countries implement for compulsory education (Kizilet & Özmen, 2017). In the US, technology has led to unprecedented opportunities, similarly it has increased innovation and design in Australia and improved student motivation, and diversified learning opportunities. Technology reforms have led to flexible education system and record keeping in schools.
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US Educational System and Technology Reforms
Education is decentralized
Adoption has been more realistic
Ilomäki and Lakkala (2018), education provide children with competencies
Effective technological reforms
Collaborative learning and communication
Education system is progressive
Effective system from lower level
The US education system is decentralized, although it shares some aspects with the other countries, adoption of technology has been more realistic in the country than other three countries researched. According to Ilomäki and Lakkala (2018), education in the world today is expected to provide children with competencies they need in the future. The US education system is concrete and ranks first globally, technology reforms have been effective in the US than elsewhere. Traditionally only student present in the classroom could access education and collaboration, today, they can communicate and collaborate in ways that were not dreamt of in the past. The education system is progressive and encourages on essentials, therefore, technological reforms have been effective from kindergarten to higher education.
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Cont.
Requires teacher’s to have bachelor’s degrees
Competent teachers
Changing roles of teachers
COVID-19 effect
Internet availability
The US education system requires a teacher to have a bachelor’s degree or receive it within the first five years of their teaching. Therefore, teachers in elementary, middle and high school are competent to adopt technology and embrace it in class. The roles of teachers are changing, the national technology plan flagged to provide technological aid to students is transforming the education. Post COVID-19, virtual learning has accelerated and students have access to wider and deeper learning resources. Students in the US have entire internet available to them and they do not need to visit the library.
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Canada Educational System and Technological Reforms
Different results from US
Has flexible education system
Staple use of projectors and screens
Teachers must have a bachelor’s degree
Teachers use overhead projectors
Digital learning has expanded (Veletsianos et al., 2021).
Technological reforms in Canadian education system have yield slightly different results from the US. Canada is ranked top five in global education rankings; therefore, it has a flexible system which helped them adopt technology in education. Although there are some limitations, projectors and screens have become staple in classrooms, a Canadian teacher must have a bachelor’s degree and a teacher’s certificate. Therefore, the demands in the education system have ensured teachers can confidently adapt to the technological changes such as the use of overhead projectors, material distribution through photocopiers and educational broadcasting. According to international research of open and distributed learning, data showed that digital learning in Canada has expanded over the last decade with online and blended courses (Veletsianos et al., 2021).
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Cont.
Mandatory education for all children
Almost every school in Ontario has computers
Students in high school can bring their devices
Veletsianos et al. (2021), 79% of Canadian teachers are positive about technology
Teachers and students can match learning
The education system in Canada requires a mandatory education to all children up to the age of 16 to 18 years depending on some provinces. In a survey done in Ontario in 2014, almost every school has access to computers from kindergarten. The education system is flexible and allows students in high school to bring their electronic devices to school for easy access, presentation and interactive learning. According to Veletsianos et al. (2021), 79% of the Canadians learners and teachers are positive about technological reforms in education. Technology has made it easier for teachers and students to match learning styles.
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Australian Educational System and Technological Reforms
Education is controlled by government
Education is centralized
Technological reforms have been implemented
They are not effective like US or Canada
Slow technological reforms
Must re-think on the control of education
Striving to use technology for innovation
In Australia, the education system is controlled by different government agencies, however, like other countries, it is decentralized. Therefore, technological reforms have been implemented in the country. However, the reforms have not been effective like in the US and Canada because development is controlled by Australian Information Management. Informal education in Australia has slowed technological reforms, moreover, the country needs to re-think on the control of the education, local and state governments control education more effectively than countrywide ministries. Nonetheless, the country is striving to use technology for innovation and design.
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Netherlands Educational System and Technological Reforms
Mandatory education
Technological reforms are progressive
Teachers must have at least a diploma
Teachers in other countries must have a degree
Schools use Chromebooks, whiteboards and computers
Systems aims at transforming technology
The education system in Dutch requires students to acquire mandatory education up to the age of 18. Technological reforms in the country have been progressive but have not grown to the desirable standards because primary school teachers are required to have a diploma from teacher colleges. In the US, Canada and Australia, teachers are required to have a bachelors degree to be allowed in classrooms. The schools in the country use Chromebooks, interactive whiteboards and computers. The goal is to transform technology, the education system encourages innovative, open-mind and independent learning.
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Cont.
Education system was publicly owned in the past
Learning institutions have been privatized (Kerssens & Dijck, 2021)
Privatization has resulted to technological reforms
Technological reforms are on the right track
The education system in Dutch has traditionally comprised of strong public-school system. However, over the past few years, learning institutions and environments have been turned private governed by commercial incentives from technology companies (Kerssens & Dijck, 2021). Therefore, the technological reforms in Dutch schools have resulted from privatization of schools which encourage investors from tech companies to provided incentives to the owners to use their systems. Therefore, although the technological reforms are not effective like other countries, they are moving towards the right direction.
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Conclusion
Reforms are at different paces
Uniqueness in education system is controlling technology reforms
The reforms are affected by
Decentralization
Local control
Rate of technological adoption
Technological reforms in the four countries are at different paces, the education system in each country is unique, although they have some similarities, adoption of technology has been significantly influenced by teacher’s knowledge. Other educational systems affecting technological reforms include decentralization of education, local control and rate of technological adoption in the country.
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References
Ilomäki, L., & Lakkala, M. (2018). Digital technology and practices for school improvement: innovative digital school model. Research and practice in technology enhanced learning, 13(1), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-018-0094-8
Kerssens, N., & Dijck, J. V. (2021). The platformization of primary education in The Netherlands. Learning, Media and Technology, 46(3), 250-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2021.1876725
Kizilet, E., & Özmen, K. S. (2017). Evaluation of a Nationwide ICT Reform Movement in Turkey: Insights from the FATIH Project. Journal on School Educational Technology, 13(1), 33-48.
Veletsianos, G., VanLeeuwen, C. A., Belikov, O., & Johnson, N. (2021). An Analysis of Digital Education in Canada in 2017-2019. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 22(2), 102-117.
