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Running Head: GENOCIDE 1

GENOCIDE 5

Genocide

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Introduction

Hello, good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. We're going to focus on the topic of genocide today. "The concept of genocide is established as the systematic and deliberate destruction of a group of people on the basis of their religion, ethnicity, race, or nationality. With a subject to contemporary international law, genocide crime is categorized as part and parcel of the broader category subject to crimes. Therefore, genocide can best be described as being the deliberate killing of people in large groups with regards to their nationality, ethnicity, race, or religion, which is also established as the intentional action undertaken with the objective of destruction of people on the basis of the identified categories (January 2013).

The Rwandan genocide

The Rwandan genocide is established as the 100 days of slaughter. The genocide happened between the months of April and June in the year 1994. The genocide resulted in approximately 800,000 Rwandans being killed within the 100 days of the occurrence of the genocide. The genocide in Rwanda was attributed to the death of the then Rwandan president Juvenal Habyarimana who was a Hutu after the shooting down of his plane on 6th April 1994 above the Kigali airport. A majority of the people who died are established as being the Tutsis, while the violence perpetrators were established as being the Hutus. Both the speed and the scale of the slaughter left the Rwandan people reeling subject to the fact that Rwanda was established as a country that had such a turbulent history. The genocide is established to have been based on the concept of ethnicity. The aspect of ethnic tension is established as not being something new in Rwanda. Significant disagreements have been witnessed over Rwanda's history between Hutus, who are established as being the majority, and the Tutsis, who are established as being the minority. However, the animosity between the two ethnic groups is established to have considerably grown with subject to the colonial period. The genocide saw the Tutsis bodies being thrown into rivers with their killers having a notion that they were sending them back to Ethiopia (Lowery & Spalding, 2016).

The arrival of the Belgian colonists in 1916 saw the classification of people according to their ethnicity subject to the production of identity cards. The Tutsis were considered to have more superiority over the Hutus by the Belgian. The Tutsis enjoyed better educational and job opportunities in comparison to the Hutus. In Kigali, the presidential guard initiated a retribution campaign immediately whereby the political opposition leaders, the Tutsis, and the moderate Hutus were slaughtered. The early organizers of the genocide included military officials, businessmen, and politicians who were soon joined by many people. The government soldiers organized gangs hacked their way with machetes through the Tutsis population while consequently blowing them up in places of refuge such as churches. Finally, Kigali was captured by the RPF in July, translating to the collapse of the government with the RFP declaring a ceasefire (Melvern, 2006).

Bosnian genocide

The onset of the Bosnian genocide was 11th July 1995. An ethnic cleansing occurred in VRS-controlled areas whose objective was targeting the Bosnian Croats and the Bosniaks. This campaign of ethnic cleansing entailed the inclusion of the subject of unlawful confinement, sexual assault, inhumane treatment of civilians, extermination, mass rape, torture, among others. Various authorities in the 1990s established that the ethnic cleansing that was undertaken by the Bosnian Serb Army elements was actually genocide with the inclusion of the United Nations General Assembly resolutions alongside three convictions by the Germany courts for genocide  (Bartrop, 2016).

The Bosnian genocide, established as the Srebrenica massacre, saw the murder of 8000 Bosnian boys and Muslim men with a reminder of the population, which constituted approximately 25000-3000 Bosniak elderly people, women and children were forcefully evicted from that area. The attack is attributed to the arrest of Alija Izetbegovic, who was the Bosnian's Muslim president  (Donia, 2014).

The Armenian Genocide

The Armenian genocide is established as the expulsion and systematic mass murder of approximately 1.5 million Armenians, which was carried out between 1914-1923 throughout Turkey and the adjoining regions subject to the Ottoman government. The Armenian genocide covered more of the homogeneous nation-state ground that was eventually established as the Republic of Turkey. Subject to the end of the war, approximately not less than 90% of the Armenians were gone from the Ottoman Empire. Their deserted properties and homes were granted to the Muslim refugees with those who survived mandated to give up their Armenian identities, consequently converting to Muslims  (Hovannisian, 2011).

The Armenian genocide is established to have had both long-term and short-term causes. The significant cause of the genocide is established to have been the Muslims’ resentment subject to the Armenians’ political and economic success, which was established Ottoman social hierarchies traditional reversal with subject to Muslims’ superiority over non-Muslims”  (Hovannisian, 2011).

References

Bartrop, P. R. (2016). Bosnian genocide: The essential reference guide. ABC-CLIO.

Donia, R. J. (2014). Radovan Karadzic: Architect of the Bosnian genocide. Cambridge University Press.

Hovannisian, R. G. (2011). The Armenian Genocide: Cultural and ethical legacies. Transaction Publishers.

January B. (2013). Genocide: Modern crimes against humanity. Twenty-First Century Books.

Lowery, Z., & Spalding, F. (2016). The Rwandan genocide. The Rosen Publishing Group.

Melvern, L. (2006). Conspiracy to murder: The Rwandan genocide. Verso.