3.

· Primary problem = flow/accumulate cars (in blocked street) > road capacity ( Article 1, p.1)

· Historically - Accident ↔ congestion = relevant relationship → crowded roads

results:death+waste time/money+pollution ( Article 1, article 2 pages 1 and 2)

· Causes and effects of this problem (Think globally and locally)

Global

· Around the world : Air pollution ↑ by automobile = 80% co2 (in capital cities) ( Article 2, p.218)

· World Bank survey = 100 cities (unhealthy air) ( Article 2, p.218)

· 71% nitrogen dioxide (urban traffic) > WHO limits → 1.8 million ppl die/year ( Article 2, p.218)

OR

Paragraph 1 continued: Introduction & Problem

Local

· Cars # ↑ (2005: 1 million / 2015 3 million) ( Article 1, p.1)

· Population rising ↑ = < 4 million 2015 ( Article 1, p.1)

Problem: Traffic congestion in Kuwait

Preferred Solution: Building new infrastructure projects

referred Solution

Thesis statement:

Put it all together:

This essay will discuss the problem of traffic congestion in Kuwait and it will propose and evaluate two potential solutions, which are building new infrastructure projects and using intelligent traffic monitoring systems. It will then be followed by a critical assessment arguing that the initial solution is the most efficient solution in Kuwait, after which the essay will arrive at a conclusion.

Paragraph 2: First solution

(Do not forget to add your sources with the page number)

What is the solution?

Building new infrastructure projects

Describe how it could be implemented

· Citizens + activities – located closely together → demand for improved roads + infrastructures (Article 4, p.73)

· Building (cities + capitals) include all services → relief population density (as a main cause of congestion) (Article 4, p.73)

· More government efforts (improve traffic network system) ( Article 1, p.5)

Pros: (+)

· Effective plan → safety + better life quality + less fuel consumption (Article 1, p.3)

· Improve road space = less congestion (no traffic pressure) → less delays (Article 1, p.5)

Cons: (-)

· Untested road effectiveness → unknown results (level of happiness+ services+ manoeuvring) (Article 1, p.4)

· Cost great fortune + long time to finish (Article 1, p.3)

· Building new infrastructure (insufficient solution) = very slow process/ limited term reduction → more traffic congestion (Article 1, p.1)

Paragraph 3: Second solution

(Do not forget to add your sources with the page number)

What is the solution?

Using intelligent traffic monitoring system

Describe how it could be implemented

· Future of transportation – concrete/steel + intelligent technology (IT) (Article 3, p.37)

· Controlling roads = important (in smart-city infrastructure) (Article 3, p.37)

· IT ↔ new world (smart objects+internet) together w/o human → achievement (Article 3, p.38)

Pros: (+)

· IT system = provide options (alternative route for drivers) → avoiding the jams/crowded road earlier ( Article 3, p.39)

· Diversity sensors (environement+vehicles) = weather info/traffic flow → pursuit+locate car quickly & precisely (Article 3, p.39)

· Traffic security - Determine danger situation = (control vehicles flow+provide actions) → safety on road/cost of management ↓ (Article 3, p.42)

Cons: (-)

· System modification = up to date all time ( Article 3, p.42)

· System effectiveness = affected weather condition (heavy dust) (Article 3, p.40)

· Install tracking devices (infrared sensors+cameras) = everywhere → difficult implementing (Article 3, p.37)

Paragraph 4: Evaluation

(Do not forget to add your sources with the page number)

stance (preferred solution) = new infrastructure projects in Kuwait

Which solution would be more effective? Why?

1st solution new infrastructure → following reasons:

· Jahra road project (KWT - example) → better street condition+safer (Article 1, p.3)

· Quality service in roads “QUOTE” (Article 1, p.5)

· 2 levels motorways design → better quality service+smoother+faster (Article 1, p.4)

Which solution would be less effective? Why?

2nd solution IT system (less effective) in case of Kuwait (environmental + technological), following reasons:

· Severe climate conditions (dusty 7 months) → affects efficiency (Article 4, p.77)

· KWT drivers = using apps+ alert messages (confuse drivers) (Article 1, p.5)

· Unprotected system (cyber-attacks) = securing the data → real challenge (great risk system breaking down) (Article 3, p.37)

Paragraph 5: Conclusion

No articles

Restatement of thesis: (Bullet Points)

Problem: Road congestion in Kuwait

1st Solution: Create new infrastructure projects

2nd Solution: Apply smart traffic controlling systems

Stance & reasons: 1st solution (favoured) due to: traffic movement + # cars + population density

Recommendations/predictions: (think about context and audience)

Recommendations:

· Driver behaviour (obey rules + regulations)

· Anti-corruption (MOI) - prevent illegal licences

· Further research + efforts = necessary

Predictions: IF efficient strategy absent

· Road conditions worsen

· Society stress

Final statement – future challenge (KWT) -> prevention (better than) cure

FSP110 Revision No. 4

English for Engineering Revised by: Hiba Tayara

ELP © Australian College of Kuwait 2021 Page 5