Economic 101 essay writing
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• The cost of engaging an activity increases, so less of that activity will occur.
• The seller will receive a lower price (P3 vs. P1).
• Society will move away from an efficient outcome to an inefficient outcome, leading to deadweight loss (Q2 vs. Q1).
• Government collects tax revenue equal to the tax per until multiplied by the number of units sold [(P2 – P3) x (Q1 – Q2)].
Economic Efficiency
The Ability-to-Pay Principal • Vertical Equity – greater share of the tax burden should be borne by people who have a greater ability to pay.
• The federal income tax is an example of this, a sales tax is not.
The Horizontal-Equity Principal • People in the same economic situation should be treated equally.
• The problem here is that people do not correctly identify themselves in terms of earned income.
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The Benefits-Received Principal • People who receive the benefits from a government program should pay the taxes that support the program.
• A public marina that caters to private boat owners should have the boat owners pay for it, and not everyone else.
• A toll booth on an interstate.
Attaining Social Objectives • Discourage certain activities to fulfill a certain social objectives.
• Use of excise taxes sin taxes.
When demand for a product is less elastic than supply, consumers pay the majority of the tax.
When demand for a product is more elastic than supply, firms pay the majority of the tax.
Tax Incidence and the effect of Price Elasticity