GOVT
Abdull2004
ForeignPolicyandNationalSecurity.pptxEconomic Policy affects Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy History
19th Century- Isolationism
America sought to avoid involvement in the affairs of other nations.
20th Century-
two world wars and a Cold War changed the calculations behind American foreign policy.
America turned from isolationism to a policy of deterrence, maintain a strong military to discourage foreign attacks.
21st Century- the demise of the Soviet Union decreased the relevance of deterrence and the new threats of rogue states and terrorism caused the shift to a policy of preemption
a willingness to strike first in order to prevent an enemy attack
Traditional Elements to Foreign Policy
Historical Elements
Isolationism
Contain Communism
Cold War
War on Terrorism
Goals of Foreign Policy
Preserving the national security EX:
Promoting world peace and a secure global environment EX:
Maintaining a balance of power among nations EX:
Working with allies to solve international problems EX:
Goals of Foreign Policy
Promoting democratic values and human rights
EX:
Furthering cooperative foreign trade and global involvement in international trade organizations
EX:
Handout of Importance
What is the most important aspect of foreign policy according to you?
Identify the first 4 of importance by numbers 1-4
Identify the second 13 by importance by placing a 1-13
One being the most important to the least
Foreign Policy vs. National Security
Who Decides and Executes Foreign Policy
The President and his top advisers are the principal architects of U.S. foreign policy
The President is commander-in-chief, who negotiates treaties and receives foreign ambassadors, nominates America’s ambassadors to other countries, and enters into executive agreements.
The foreign policy bureaucracy includes:
Departments of State
Department of Defense
Homeland Security
Joint Chiefs
National Security Council
Central Intelligence Agency
Congress has the constitutional power to declare war and the Senate must approve treaties
most relevant congressional actors in the foreign policy arena are the Senate Foreign Relations, Armed Services, and Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs committees, and the House Foreign Affairs, Homeland Security, and Armed Services committees.
Interest groups—economic, ethnic or national-origin, and human rights and “green” groups—are increasingly important players in foreign policy making.
The president dominates foreign policy making; other than the president, the influence of the players varies by issue. During times of crisis, presidential dominance is even greater and decision making involves the fewest players.
Congress has the constitutional power to declare war and the Senate must approve treaties
Congressional actors in the foreign policy arena are the Senate Foreign Relations
Armed Services
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs committees
House Foreign Affairs, Homeland Security, and Armed Services committees.
Interest groups—economic, ethnic or national-origin, and human rights and “green” groups—are increasingly important players in foreign policy making.
Tools of Intelligence & Information
Information and intelligence gathering
Dissemination propaganda & misinformation
Tools of Diplomacy
Cultural and scientific exchanges
Offering diplomatic recognition. Expelling/recalling diplomats. Holding or withdrawing from diplomatic exchanges and discussions
Joining or withdrawing from negotiations, treaties, summit meetings
Offering or joining alliances, membership in international and regional organizations
Suspending or withdrawing from alliances, membership in international organizations
Tools of aid, economic development, and trade
Provision/ withholding humanitarian aid, technical/engineering/scientific/professional
Economic and trade relations inducements, trade treaties, creation of trade zones, help in attracting investments
Economic and trade sanctions, tariffs, quotas, seizure of bank accounts and financial assets
Tools of military influence, power, or force
Joining/ offering military alliances foreign aid or training
Withdrawing from military alliances or security pacts, suspending or ending military foreign aid, or military technical assistance and training
Secret paramilitary operations, assassinations (e.g. Navy Seals, drone strikes, etc.)
Tools of military influence, power, or force
Military buildups, mobilizations, troop movements, test weapons firings, shows of strength
Blockades, armed intervention
War
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United Nations
