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COMMUNICATION AND THE SELF

3 Floyd, Interpersonal Communication, 3e

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[ Our Agenda • Understanding the Self: Self‐Concept

• Valuing the Self: Self‐Esteem

• Presenting the Self: Image Management

• Communicating the Self: Self‐Disclosure

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[ Self‐Concept • Who are you?

• Your self‐concept reflects your stable ideas about who you are

• Your self‐concept is your identity

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[ Self‐Concept (Characteristics) • Self‐concepts are multifaceted

• Self‐concepts are partly subjective

• Self‐concepts are enduring but changeable

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[ Self‐Concept (The Johari Window)

Jump to long description

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[ Self‐Concept (Factors) Many factors affect our self‐concept

• Personality and biology

• Culture and gender roles

• Reflected appraisal

• Social comparison

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[ Self‐Concept (Self‐Monitoring) • We manage our self‐concepts through

self‐monitoring

• Awareness of how we look, sound, and affect others

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[Self‐Concept (Self‐fulfilling Prophecies) Self‐fulfilling prophecies can reinforce our self‐concept

• We have expectations based on how we perceive ourselves and others

• Our expectations prompt us to act in specific ways

• Those actions bring about the outcomes we expected

• Our self‐concepts are therefore reinforced

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[ Self‐Esteem Your self‐esteem is your subjective evaluation of your value and worth as a person

• Can influence social behavior, how you see yourself and others, and school and work performance

• Affected by culture and sex

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[ Self‐Esteem (Needs) We have three fundamental needs with respect to self‐esteem:

• Need for control

• Need for inclusion

• Need for affection

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[ Image Management Image management means adjusting our behavior to project a desired image

• Image management is collaborative

• We manage multiple identities

• Image management is complex

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[ Image Management (Face Needs) We manage three face needs:

• Fellowship face

• Autonomy face

• Competence face

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[ Self‐Disclosure Self‐disclosure is the act of intentionally giving others information about ourselves that we believe to be true but we think they do not already have

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[ Self‐Disclosure (Characteristics 1) • Self‐disclosure is intentional and truthful

• Self‐disclosure varies in breadth and depth

• Self‐disclosure varies among relationships

• Self‐disclosure is a gradual process

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[ Self‐Disclosure (Characteristics 2) • Online self‐disclosure follows a different pattern

• Self‐disclosure is usually reciprocal

• Self‐disclosure can serve many purposes

• Self‐disclosure is influenced by cultural and gender roles

[ Self‐Disclosure (Benefits) Self‐disclosure has benefits

• Enhancement of relationships and trust

• Reciprocity

• Emotional release

• Helping others

[ Self‐Disclosure (Risks) Self‐disclosure has risks

• Rejection

• Chance of obligating others

• Hurt to others

• Violation of other people’s privacy

[ Self‐Disclosure (Online) Online self‐disclosure has specific challenges and risks

• Be careful what you say

• Protect your personal information

• Think twice before posting photos

• Don’t say or show something you wouldn’t want shared

APPENDIX: IMAGE LONG DESCRIPTION APPENDIX: IMAGE LONG DESCRIPTION

Self‐Concept (The Johari Window) (Appendix)

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Known to self and others: Open. What you know and choose to reveal to others about yourself.

Known to self and unknown to others: Hidden. What you know about yourself but choose not to reveal.

Unknown to self and known to others: Blind. What others know about you but you don’t recognize in yourself.

Unknown to self and others: Unknown. The dimensions of yourself that no one knows.