English Paper
Nano1095_
FlowAssigt.docxAssignment on Flow
Parallelism
When you list two or more related elements (like ideas or some verbs) in a sentence, give your sentence parallel structure by using the same grammatical form. This is parallelism. It builds rhythm and flow into writing, makes it more reader-friendly and memorable, and bestows clarity of expression. You can apply parallelism in rhetoric, in sentences, on resumes, and in subheadings on essays and other documents. Sentences with parallel elements read easily and bring a touch of class to one’s writing. Shan-Estelle Brown (2017:155) says that the symmetry in parallelism “speaks to our hankering for logic and order” and that writers not using parallelism when they can, are “stylistically lazy.”
When the Nobel Prize winner for literature, Winston Churchill, structured part of his speech expressing unyielding British resolve to fight on against Germany during WWII, he bequeathed to the English language a classic instance of the power of parallelism.
“… We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air; we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing-grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender…”
Churchill applied parallelism with a seven-times repeated clause, “We shall fight …” (A clause is a group of words containing a subject-verb sequence).
Assignment Part 1 Apply parallelism to the following sentences, remove any verbosity, and read your sentences to ensure they flow naturally.
Apply parallelism to sentences Reindeer provide the Laplanders of Scandinavia with food, skins for clothing and tents, and they use them for transporting goods.
Composition has four traditional styles—narrative, persuasion, descriptive, expository.
The first Americans were crossing the Bering Land Bridge into east Beringia (Alaska) 14,000 years ago when the ice sheets from the last glaciation are still retreating. Small bands of people hunted their way south into the heart of the new continent, then undergo a population explosion in the land of abundant resources, as they learned to adapt to a great variety of environments generated in the wake of Late Glacial and Post-glacial climates from the northern ice sheets to Tierra del Fuego.
The stinging tentacles of the anemone protect Clownfish from predators in exchange for the Clownfish protecting the anemone from predators that are immune to its stinging tentacles.
Defending a territory incurs costs for a male Bluebird as well as producing benefits.
In the sea near Rawhiti Island, we tagged an Octopus and recorded its movements for three weeks, and on the island, we caught 212 Sooty Shearwaters to study their migration path.
Interests – hiking, reading, travel, scuba diving on coral reefs
Apply parallelism to lists
Seagrass retains sediment, protects shoreline, and serves to maintain water quality.
Lionfish derbies serve as an encouragement for the removal of this fish from coastal waters, give participants experience correctly filleting and cooking their catches, are a source of education concerning the danger of invasive species, and generate samples for scientists to study.
New Zealand Falcons (Falco novaeseelandiae) are adaptable hunters—they can sally from a perch, soar for long periods, fly low over the ground, and weaving rapidly through trees.
Beavers cut down trees, chop them into manageable pieces, the bark is eaten, and the wood is used to build dams and a lodge.
Apply parallelism to subheadings in essays
Chief Crazy Horse’s campaign against General Custer’s 7th Cavalry.
Crazy Horse’s Plans
Crazy Horse’s Preparations
Crazy Horse Attacked
An essay on the Musk Oxen of the Arctic
What is their preferred habitat?
Food
Why do the males sometimes gather into a circle?
An essay on Sea Otters
What is the range of this species?
What do they eat?
Breeding
Mothers wrap their pups in bull kelp (floating seaweed)
Assignment Part II
From documents in Files on Canvas (Parts of Speech, Punctuation, Spelling, and Professional Writing Style) list as bullet points all the ways available for improving the flow of our writing.
