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Julio Cortazar

Julio Cortazar's creations were mainly concentrated in the 1950s and 1970s. Overall, the attention of foreign academic circles on Cotazar is still quite significant, but international researchers did not recognize it very early. The literary value of Cortazar. International academic research on Cotazar began in the 1970s, and the research boom continued to climb until the peak in the early 21st century. The author retrieved 16 master's thesis related to Cotazar's research through the Pro-Quest full-text retrieval platform. Still, most of the papers mainly cited Julio Cortazar's creation as an example, and there was only one separate study. The outstanding doctoral dissertation of his short story narrative art. The works of Julio Cortazar's considered great givens the life and times he wrote them as shown below.

On August 26, 1914, Cotazar was born in Brussels, Belgium. His father was a diplomat at the Argentine Embassy in Belgium. Cortazar spent his baby years in Brussels and was a battle because Cortazar’s grandmother was of Swiss German descent, and the whole family was able to take refuge in Switzerland, and then fled from Switzerland to Spain and lived in Barcelona. Year and a half. [2] In 1918, the 4-year-old Cortazar finally returned to Buenos Aires with his family and lived in the Banfield district of Buenos Aires province. Shortly after returning to Argentina, Cortazar’s father abandoned his wife and a pair of children without warning. In order to make a living, Cortazar’s mother, Eminia, had to work as a clerk in a government department, relying on a meager salary to raise her children alone. To a certain extent, the work is an external manifestation of the writer's individual experience. Therefore, readers can find clues to understand the job of such articles. “Julio Cortázar” introduced Cortazar’s life experience, the basic situation of creation and creative characteristics (Grigore, 2019). “Introduction to Julio Cortazar, The Situation of the Latin American Intellectual” highlights Cotazar's views on the situation of Latin American intellectuals. “The Hopscotch” is a classic novel by the Argentine writer Julio Cortazar, published in 1963, and was selected as one of the top 20 Spanish novels in the 20th century by the Spanish newspaper Le Monde. A writer from Argentina, Cortazar creation of novel, published in 2008 by the Chongqing Publishing House.

The book is a narrative of wayward unruly Latin American intellectuals - Oliveira, in order to pursue the true meaning of life came to Western civilization “paradise”-Paris , only to find its own tune with the surrounding people and society as a whole Unable to communicate. Disappointed, he had to abandon love and friendship and return to the “world”-Buenos Aires. However, at this time he also couldn't find his metaphysical pursuit. He obsessedly sought the ideal spiritual paradise, but whether in Paris or Argentina, the painstaking search only caused him to fall into despair again and again.

Sociological perspective: “Julio Cortazar, Traveler in the Tropics: A Pioneering Pledge and Multinational Culture for the Sandino Political Movement” analyzes the relationship between Cortazar and Nicaragua and the Sandinista revolution. The researcher believes that this relationship is based on Cotazar's modernist/pioneer intellectual position. “The anti-Peronist ideology of rhetorician Jorge Luis Borges and Julio Cortázar,” The author believes that Borges and Cortazar as public figures, their political trajectories are well documented in outspoken statements in their papers and interviews. The article focuses on the analysis of the texts created by the writers on the Argentine populist movement-Peronist response.

“Passages of revolutionary desire: The writings of Julio Cortazar and Walter Benjamin” is a work full of revolutionary desires. They are trying to connect the aesthetic, political, and sexual revolutions. “Constructing new men and women: The search for new gender roles in contemporary Latin American fiction” focuses on the importance of gender roles in Latin American novels in the late 20th century Write. The author believes that Cotazar's work embodies the thinking of gender and seeks to establish ‘modern’ Male and female characters, these characters are autonomous and sexually liberated, and they actively participate in their destiny.

Research on philosophy: “Existence, Nothingness, and The Quest for Being: Sartrean Existentialism and Julio Cortázar's Early Short Fiction,” conducted a literary criticism of Cortazar essays on Sartre's existentialism, and pointed out that the author's early short stories often have a clear existential trend. Cortázar and Bergsonon the Road: Problems with Time and Rational.

Thought links Cortazar and Bergson to study Cortazar's work “Los automates de la Cosmopista,” the researcher believes that this work is full of metaphysical reflection and philosophical intuition. “Famous Amateurs: Julio Cortazar's Preferences-Heraclitus’ Philosophy” discusses Cotazar's narrative the reference and reference of Lacrete’s theory.

“Finding Rhythm in Julio Cortázar's Los Premios (2010)” analyzes the ‘rhythm’ in Cortazar novel “Winning Lottery”. The author believes this novel; “The Character in Pesio” is convinced that there is a rhythm of the universe (Arnall, 2019). This belief is a characteristic of the central view of the world, turning to the counterculture in the 1960s. Other features of the novel, such as the implied narrator's rejection of Pesso's essentialism, are dispelling the notion that there is a rhythm in art, humanity, and the universe.

The narrative perspective: “The significance of "animal" in Julio Cortazar's short story narrative and structure “The animals” in Seoul's short stories do indeed play an important symbolic role as most critics believe, but despite this, they rarely give a precise and fixed meaning. They often subvert traditional symbols. Besides, “Animal” usually satisfies various other narrative functions, helping to shape the narrative structure of the novel. Some stories are built entirely around a central animal, such as “Newt.” “The Metafictional Novel: A Comparative Study” (The metafictional novel: A comparative study, 1991) attempts to use six writers’ comparative research and continuous deliberations on contemporary theory. Meta-fiction, the author of the last chapter compares Cortazar “Hopscotch” with Robert Coffer’s “The Universal Baseball Association” and discusses the humor, deconstruction, and postmodernity embodied in these two works Ideological tendency. “Decolonizing Modernism: James Joyce and The Development of Contemporary American Narrative” also made sure of Cotazar's narrative art Interpretation.

Horror space in Julio Cortazar's three short stories believes that the ‘fear’ in the narrative of Cotazar's novel is unique. The form of expression is different from the Gothic fear caused by phantoms or strange creatures, this fear comes from the ‘artistic space’ (artistic space). The enclosed space in this text restricts the individual’s space and social freedom and evokes the character’s apparent sense of fear.

Research on creative skills: “The collage in three Latin-American texts on the 1970s: Dias de guarder” by Carlos Monsivais. “Libro de Manuel” by Roque Dalton, 1973, discusses the collage technique in Cortazar novel “Manuel,” the commentator believes that “Manuel” is to eliminate realism The diachronic concept of narrative explores a synchronic narrative (Radanavong,2017). “Literature and photography in the works of Julio Cortázar, Tomas Eloy Martinez and Salvador Elizondo (Argentina),” in the works of Julio Cortazar, Thomas Eloy Martinez and Salvador Elizondo, this paper explores the organizational role played by the photographic medium in the works of three contemporary Latin American writers, including Cotazar. “Aperture and exposure: The photography of literature” believes that the interaction between literature and photography prompted Cortazar to explore how literary creation can reflect the fast pace imposed by technological advancements in the communications field. It also raises the moral and political issues that may arise from the use of technology and writing.

Critical Analysis of Cortazar's Works by Other Writers

The overseas academic circle’ research comments on Cortazar “Hopscotch” are as follows:

Introduction to the work: “Hopscotch” at 50, 2013 this article was published on the 50th anniversary of the “Hopscotch” at the time of publication. The author believes that this work is revolutionary and breakthrough the significance of the novel and a brief overview of the novel’s creative background, narrative art, literary status, and subsequent influence. In addition, articles such as “Julio Cortázar, Rayuela, 1991” and “Jump House” (Rayuela, 2012) and other articles made brief introductions and comments on the novel.

Analysis of artistic characteristics: “Julio Cortazar's <Hop Hopover>: Postmodernist Novels” believes that novels have a tendency to deconstruction and postmodernism (Cortázar, 2018). Discursive anarchy or creative pluralism The Case of Cortázar and Puig by combining “The Hopscotch” with the contemporary Argentine writer Man Noel Puig's “Spider Girl’s Kiss” makes a comparative analysis and explores the heterogeneity and pluralism of narrative in Cortazar novels. “The Traces of the Austrian Language Crisis in Cortazar’s “Hopscotch”.” This article considers Cortazar “Hopscotch” to the language and its function of effectively representing the world Take a highly critical position.

Research on the theme of the novel: “< Hopscotch> and <Green House>: Text Theory, Reality Theory” research on Cotazar's “Hopscotch” and the theme of two novels by Liosa’s “Green House”: the inner depression of the characters and the personal crisis. This article believes that contemporary people’s expression of crisis is embodied through surrealism and existential aesthetics. “Gap of Metaphysics: Luigi Pirandello and Julio Cortazar” .This paper considers Cortazar “Hopscotch” and Pirandello's “Late Pascal” has the same theme-“finding”. In addition, some researchers believe that the theme of “Hopscotch” is to explore the relationship between culture and subject, and to criticize Western civilization.

Other research perspectives: “National Cinema and Intertextuality in Alejandro Amenábar: From Hollywood to Julio Cortázar” explores the intertextuality relationship between the well-known Spanish director Alessandro Amamba's favorite movie “Open Your Eyes” (Abre los ojos) and “The Hopscotch,” the researcher believes that they are concerned The absence of historical consciousness in modern and postmodern times, and analysis of how the lost of historical consciousness affects individual and collective ideas. “Cotazar and Revoledo: The Representations of Elizondo’s Horror” uses the fragment of “Hopscotch” as an example to discuss the physical and spiritual aspects of literature the expression of pain and torture and fear. The paper believes that the creators of these novels, while creating fictional stories, consciously keep characters away from fictional stories in this way, so as to make fear and physical or mental pain tangible.

Compared with foreign studies, domestic research on Cotazar and his works is not very rich. The research results are mainly based on a single paper, and the monograph research is limited to the simple mentions in Latin American literature. Only the translation of “Cortazar on Cortazar” by Zhu Jingdong in “Latin American Writers on the Creation Series” specially organized and translated the foreign Cortazar interviews, so that Chinese readers can really understand some of the author's own information. According to the author’s search in CNKI and other databases, there is no domestic master’s degree dissertation that specializes in Cortazar. Most of the relevant research dissertations are discussed as an essential representative of Latin American literature. Others, such as journal papers and report reviews, add up to about 180 articles, of which about 20 are compelling review articles.

In conclusion, In Cortázar’s work, instinct, chance, the enjoyment of the senses, humor, and play end up identifying with writing, which in turn is the formulation of existing in the world. The ruptures of the chronological and spatial orders take the reader from his popular point of view, proposing different possibilities of participation so that the act of reading is called to complete the narrative universe. Research on the background of fiction creation: Most of the research will start from the background of fiction creation. These researchers believe that Cotazar’s creation of “The Hopscotch” is inseparable from the repressed political atmosphere in Argentina at the time and the living life in exile in Europe. In particular, the fall of Western capitalism after World War II prompted Cortazar to reflect on the original values. Under this reflection, ‘He has a view on the Western rational kingdom,” the secular habits of the bourgeoisie, and everything derived from it the old order, including language and literary creation, poses challenges.

Works Cited

Arnall, Gavin. “Remembering the Sixties: On Julio Cortázar's Hopscotch and Time.” MLN 134.2 (2019): 360-381.

Cortázar, Julio. Complete stories 1: (1945-1966) . Alfaguara, 2018.

Grigore, Rodica. “Two Faces of the Literary Avant-Garde: Urmuz and Julio Cortázar. Suggestions for Possible Interpretations.” Theory in Action 12.1 (2019): 112-128.

http://www.lunwenstudy.com/shijiewx/116149.html

https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/c/cortazar.htm

Radanavong, Mia. ““Casa Tomada” by Julio Cortazar.” (2017).

Russek, Dan. “Julio Cortázar: Between Aesthetics and Politics: The Travails of a Literary Traveler.” A Companion to World Literature (2020): 1-11.