Essay ( Abortion)
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finalweek5bibiography1.docx
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Ethics in Abortion and Annotated Bibliography
Georgina Owusu-Appiah
Chamberlain University College of Nursing
ETHC445N
Professor Geth Allison
04/02/2021.
Abortion can be described as the process of removing a fetus from the womb of a woman. This act automatically leads to the death of the fetus. At first, Abortion was a personal issue, but as time goes, it is becoming a public concern since it involves killing the human fetus. Therefore, this topic will air out the suggestion of Ethical Egoists about their concern on the topic. I will point out the Ethical side egoists shall take and what they would say to justify their moral position. I will analyze the conflict between loyalty to self and community relevant to this abortion topic (Clipsham et al., 2021). I will determine whether the topic involves a collision between personal obligations and national ones through the discussion.
The Abortion Ethical Egoist, in general, are opposed to any ethical or moral proscriptions that lack the basic foundation in regard to self-interest. According to ethics, the debate here does not end with Abortion but the terms of Abortion basing on ethical factors. Ethical egoism is forced to consider different specific Abortion rated cases; in most cases, it is hard to find people who consider killing due to self-defense to be unethical behavior. Therefore, the ethical egoist would justify an abortion case whereby the person is advised to procure an abortion to save their lives. An example of an ectopic pregnancy, the fetus has to determine to save the mother's life, and that case is justified. Another case is an economic view. Ethical egoism is justifying an abortion where the person is performing such an act because it would not be economically feasible for a home to have an extra child. The ethical egoism, which delights in regards with economic view on the ethical matters, is that such an excuse is justified. They have no problem seeing a woman who seeks an abortion.
There is an apparent conflict between loyalty to self and community relevant to Abortion. The act is becoming very common in most countries worldwide, with many lawmakers trying to implement laws to make it legal. Abortion is being regarded in many situations when the child becomes unwanted by the parents, depending on the circumstance. As time passes, the community is experiencing a cultural shift in people's attitudes towards Abortion. Many People are now raising concern and pushing the government’s agencies to become more liberal and treat the abortion issue as a personal one since they consider Abortion as morally and ethically wrong because it involves the killing of a human fetus (McDonough et al. 2020). However, when it comes to self-loyalty, one would justify an abortion case whereby she is advised to procure an abortion basing on medical grounds aimed at saving their own life.
The best action to be taken from the abortion case is to drown from Kantian Ethics, where an author named Susan argues that Abortion should be defended. The author made a proposal that every woman should be treated as a dignified autonomous person, having complete control over their own body, as Kant earlier suggested. The author was a stronger believer in democracy and gave women a free choice, which was rated paramount in Kantian ethics. It required that an act of Abortion is supposed to be the mother's decision ( Rachels & Rachels,2019).
Dean Harris noted that if Kantian ethics is set to be used in the ongoing discussion about Abortion, then it is necessary to decide whether a fetus is acknowledged as an autonomous person. Kantian ethicist Carl Cohen came up with an argument about the potentiality of rational or active participation in a general rational species that is a relevant distinction between humans and inanimate objects or irrational animals. It clear that Cohen, the author, believes when a human being lacks rationality because of the age of a baby or fetus or the mental disability, agents of these are morally obligated to treat them as an end in themselves, which is equivalent to a rational adult mother seeking an abortion.
The Social Contract Ethicist views regarding Abortion is it supports Abortion just in case the mother of the unborn fetus is undergoing challenges associated with her health. on Legal grounds, a fetus is regarded as not a fully developed human being. It tells us that no way can Abortion be treated as a murder case in law. Nonetheless, even if the fetus is assumed as a normal human being, it is still not enough reason for a pregnant mother to justify the same pregnancy's continuity if it causes inconvenience or rather endangers her life. With the many avenues in the corridors of justice in support of Abortion, no law can force a woman to complete the term of her pregnancy and give birth to a child. Though it evident in most cases, an argument is thrown in favor of completing the pregnancy by saying that it is an ethical and moral choice that is acceptable and emulated.
The abortion topic has succeeded in creating a collision between personal obligations and the national. Public members are now raising concern and pushing the necessary government agencies to become more liberal and treat the abortion issue as a personal one since they consider Abortion as morally and ethically wrong because it involves the killing of a human fetus. However, it is the opposite when it comes to self-loyalty. One has a right in law to justify an abortion case whereby she is advised to procure an abortion based on medical grounds to save their own life. If a woman accidentally becomes pregnant due to the reason, she fails to consume pills or either her partner ignored the use of a contraceptive, it is not fair for the public to ask her to complete her pregnancy and give birth to a child. Supporters of Abortion say that it is unethical to force a woman to give birth to a child whenever she becomes pregnant.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY.
MCDONAGH, P. (2020). ABORTION, GAY RIGHTS, AND THE NATIONAL GAY FEDERATION IN IRELAND, 1982–1983. JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF SEXUALITY, 29(1), 1-27.
In this article (Mcdonagh.2020), the author talks about an analysis of the impacts of liberalization of abortion laws and development on legal barriers to access to Abortion to public health outcomes. These authors consider a legal framework witnessed in various countries in comparison with the public health outcomes on women. From their analysis, the outcome shows that the public health outcomes support the legalization of Abortion and the removal of barriers to access to abortion services. I love the article because it will help in writing my essay on abortion
MACKAY, E. (2021). INTRODUCTION TO LAW AND ECONOMICS FOR CIVIL LAW SYSTEMS. AVAILABLE AT SSRN 3804995.
In this article (Mackay,2021), the author of this article is based on the findings showing a direct relationship between the legalization of Abortion and the decline in crime rates. The study was sponsored by a learning institution and provided vital statistics supporting the sociological view that Abortion reduces social issues which contribute to crime.
MUÑOZ, D. (2021). THE REJECTION OF CONSEQUENTIAL ZING. THE JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY, 118(2), 79-96.
In this article (Munoz,2021). The author accepts the fact that Abortion is morally wrong except in a few situations. However, Abortion is justified in rare situations, such as when pregnancy is a result of rape or not taking your pill. And or mother’s health is at risk. I love this article because it will help me in writing my abortion essay because situations that makes abortion right are discussed.
Ralph, L. J., Schwarz, E. B., Grossman, D., & Foster, D. G. (2019). SELF-self-reported physical Health women who did not terminate pregnancy after seeking abortion services: A cohort study. Animal of internal medicine, 171(4), 238-247.
The author in this article talks about the implications of the various opinion others hold regarding their consistency on being anti-abortion. He went ahead to reflect on the recent personhood legislation and heartbeat bills.
SETTERSTEN JR, R. A., ELDER JR, G. H., & PEARCE, L. D. (2021). 8. HAVING CHILDREN IN TROUBLED TIMES. IN LIVING ON THE EDGE (PP. 127-141). UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS.
The author talks about Protestantism which is publicly divided around election season around what we call “social issues” such as abortion. Abortion is always at the forefront of the election, and in political ads for not only national elections, but also statewide elections. Both the earthly citizenship and our heavenly citizenship fall under the sovereignty of God.
Conclusion
In conclusion, people are now raising concerns and pushing the government’s agencies to become more liberal and treat the abortion issue as a personal one since they consider Abortion as morally and ethically wrong because it involves killing a human fetus. I am afraid I have to disagree with such statements. In the modern democracy and gives women a free choice, which was rated paramount in Kantian ethics, it required that an act of Abortion is supposed to be the mother's decision. Furthermore, this topic on ethical issues is more critical, such as inter-colleague and teacher-student relationships. Even the medical establishment also recognizes the importance of ethics. However, its recommendations in various themes seem to be detached from the de-facto conditions in clinical practice, considering the terms in which the medical system functions. Therefore, an adaptation of honest recommendations to the true nature of clinical "field" medicine is required.
References
Clipsham, P. (2021). The Limits of Self-Effacement: A Reply to Wittwer. Philosophical Studies, 1-20.
Higgins, J. A., Schmuhl, N. B., Wautlet, C. K., & Rice, L. W. (2021). The Importance of Physician Concern and Expertise in Increasing Abortion Health Care Access in Local Contexts
Mackay, e. (2021). Introduction to law and economics for civil law systems. Available at 3804995.
Muñoz, d. (2021). The rejection of consequential zing. The journal of philosophy, 118(2), 79-96
Rachels, J., & Rachels, S. (2019). The Elements of Moral Philosophy (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
