SPSS statiscal analysis

Collecting and analyzing your data is critical to the successful completion of your capstone.

Your approved proposal defined "how" you would collect and analyze your data, but often times, the process of collecting and analyzing data comes with challenges. 

These challenges are generally not insurmountable, as long as they are identified early in the process.

Collecting and analyzing your data early in the capstone process ensures the data is available, that it is valid, and that it is reliable.

The information listed below is part of my paper/research

The focus of this research was the ability of the Northrop Grumman MQ-8B Fire Scout to augment humanitarian aid operations for mitigating loss of life after natural disasters. The research analyzed the mishap rates of the MQ-8B compared to the MH-60, and looked at how the Fire Scout can be used mutually for military operations, as well its capacity for provisioning humanitarian aid. Given the available speed and ability of the UAV to access high-risk places, the MQ-8B Fire Scout can offer a solution to the existing problem (Gomez & Purdie, 2017).

This study aims to answer the following research questions (RQ):

RQ1: How viable is the deployment of the MQ-8B Fire Scout for a more expedient and cost-effective solution to delivering humanitarian aid compared to using the MH-60 Sea Hawk?

RQ2: What are the advantages and disadvantages that could be associated with the use of the MQ-8B Fire Scout for identifying victims, water drops for wildfire hotspots, and first aid drops for survivors post-natural disaster?

The following hypothesis (H) has been formulated for the study:

H0: There is no statistical difference in safety when using the Northrop Grumman MQ-8B Fire Scout when compared to manned vehicles to provide humanitarian aid in areas affected by a disaster.

H1: There is a statistical difference in safety when using the Northrop Grumman MQ-8B Fire Scout when compared to manned vehicles to provide humanitarian aid in areas affected by a disaster.

Research Approach

The purpose of this quantitative study was to explore the effectiveness of the MQ-8B and MH-60. A systematic review of extant literature was conducted. This systematic and progressive survey is comprised of underlying structured analyses and methodologies that investigate and report topic-specific studies regarding objectivity, replicability, transparency, and the comprehensiveness of the research. The emergence of UAVs has posed critical challenges. Control and monitoring of UAVs require the increased autonomy of fleets and a reduction of workload for operators (Cassingham, 2016). The establishment of the relevant mission model for the MQ-8B is therefore significant, not only for planning and specification, but also for control and monitoring. The relevant mission model provides leverage for mission and fleet states, thereby offering the operator the necessary information on the mission. This section undertakes the proposed methodology of the study aiming to explore the viability of using the MQ-8B Fire Scout in providing humanitarian aid in areas affected by natural disasters. The study also compared the practicality of using MQ-8B to MH-60 in conducting rescue operations in areas affected by disasters.

Apparatus and materials

Microsoft Excel was used to organize the data of different UAVs for conducting various humanitarian aid operations. SPSS software was used SPSS to conduct a descriptive analysis. Quantitative research methods were applied in the assessment of the existing data on the usability of UAVs in disaster bound areas. A mathematical model was used to establish and replicate mishaps which might occur during humanitarian aid operations using MQ-8B Fire Scout and the MH-60 Seahawk. The method of casting leveraged the objective data and existing evidence concerning the prospects of employing UAVs in disaster-stricken areas (Gomez & Purdie, 2017). However, based on the expanse of this research and its realities, a quantitative method may not be sufficient to adequately justify the hypothesis due to the subjectivity and inability to address the research themes outlined in chapter one.

The data was taken from various Peer Published Articles and from different websites such as Data-world.com, Google Scholar.com, Kaggle.com, among others. Variables taken into consideration for the study include operational flexibility of the UAVs, human factors, and delivery time.

The field data and notes collected about disaster operations with regards to the UAVs and manned vehicles similar to the MQ-8B Fire Scout and the MH-60 Seahawk were used to inform the analysis. Quick observations on management and other human factors surrounding the operational approaches of unmanned and manned vehicles were recorded by Miętkiewicz and used for the descriptive analysis (Miętkiewicz, 2019).

This study utilized a mutual Google Sheets-based information extraction apparatus to gather and evaluate appropriate online life postings, news stories, and other non-scholarly writing identified with MQ-8B Fire Scout and the MH-60 Seahawk in use during emergencies. Most of this research occurred after Hurricane Harvey made landfall. Utilizing Twitter and Facebook, a search for online content took place once per day to identify specific terms such as: ramble, UAS, UAV, catastrophe reaction, search and salvage, and SAR. The inquiries utilized Twitter and Facebook's interior pursuit instruments and were consistent with Twitter and Facebook terms of administration. Terms legitimately identified with UAV use by calamity responders were identified by the subsequent information extraction apparatus and classified by source, media stage, class of data, known MQ-8B Fire Scout and the MH-60 Seahawk pilots or clients, and flight reason, among other criteria. Valuable assets gathered in these apparatuses were examined and depended upon as key references as the biological system was directed for the examination of the humanitarian crises.

Table 1

Descriptive Statistics for challenges During UAVs operations in humanitarian aid

Note. Mean, Min, Max, and SD are measured in minutes. Min = Minimum, Max = Maximum, SD = Standard Deviation. Data from 2012-2016 were used for this analysis.

T statistics: An independent t-test is a two-sample t-test used to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the means in two unrelated groups.

The data selections come from the normal population.

The following hypothesis (H) has been formulated for the study:

H0: There is no statistical difference in safety when using the Northrop Grumman MQ-8B Fire Scout when compared to manned vehicles to provide humanitarian aid in areas affected by a disaster.

H1: There is a statistical difference in safety when using the Northrop Grumman MQ-8B Fire Scout when compared to manned vehicles to provide humanitarian aid in areas affected by a disaster.

Level of significance is 0.05

Decision: Fail to reject the null hypothesis because the P-value is greater than 0.05 and concludes: There is no statistical difference in safety when using the Northrop Grumman MQ-8B Fire Scout when compared to MH-60 to provision humanitarian aid in areas affected by a disaster.

VI

References

Boehm, D., Chen, A., Chung, N., Malik, R., Model, B., & Kantesaria, P. (2017). Designing an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Humanitarian Aid. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7c1c/5bf85cd386d2157a44fbbf2aa9532499c6f3.pdf

Escribano Macias, J. J., Angeloudis, P., & Ochieng, W. (2018). Integrated Trajectory-Location-Routing for Rapid Humanitarian Deliveries using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. In 2018 Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference (p. 3045). Retrieved from https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/6.2018-3045

Estrada, M. A. R., & Ndoma, A. (2019). The uses of unmanned aerial vehicles–UAVs- (or drones) in social logistic: Natural disasters response and humanitarian relief aid. Procedia Computer Science, 149, 375-383. Retrieved from https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/pdf/04_1232.pdf

Gomez, C., & Purdie, H. (2016). UAV-based photogrammetry and geo-computing for hazards and disaster risk monitoring–a review. Geoenvironmental Disasters, 3(1), 23. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40677-016-0060-y

Grogan, S., Pellerin, R., & Gamache, M. (2018). The use of unmanned aerial vehicles and drones in search and rescue operations–A survey. Proceedings of the PROLOG. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michel_Gamache/publication/327755534_The_use_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles_and_drones_in_search_and_rescue_operations_-

Grumman, N. (2015). MQ-8B Fire Scout: Unmanned Air System. Retrieved from https://www.northropgrumman.com/air/fire-scout/

Hildmann, H., & Kovacs, E. (2019). Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as Mobile Sensing Platforms (MSPs) for Disaster Response, Civil Security and Public Safety. Drones, 3(3), 59. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/ADMIN/Downloads/drones-03-00059.pdf

Kimchi, G., Buchmueller, D., Green, S. A., Beckman, B. C., Isaacs, S., Navot, A., ... & Rault, S. S. J. M. (2017). U.S. Patent No. 9,573,684. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Retrieved from https://patents.google.com/patent/US9573684B2/en

Luo, C., Miao, W., Ullah, H., McClean, S., Parr, G., & Min, G. (2019). Unmanned aerial vehicles for disaster management. In Geological Disaster Monitoring Based on Sensor Networks (pp. 83-107). Springer, Singapore. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-13-0992-2_7

Macias, J. J. E., Angeloudis, P., & Ochieng, W. (2018). Integrated Trajectory-Location-Routing for Rapid Humanitarian Deliveries using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Retrieved from http://www.optimization-online.org/DB_FILE/2018/12/6980.pdf

Petrides, P., Kolios, P., Kyrkou, C., Theocharides, T., & Panayiotou, C. (2017). Disaster prevention and emergency response using unmanned aerial systems. In Smart Cities in the Mediterranean (pp. 379-403). Springer, Cham. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-54558-5_18

Tatsidou, E., Tsiamis, C., Karamagioli, E., Boudouris, G., Pikoulis, A., Kakalou, E., & Pikoulis, E. (2019). Reflecting upon the humanitarian use of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones). Swiss Medical Weekly, 149(1314). Retrieved from https://smw.ch/article/doi/smw.2019.20065/