Answer questions

Final Review

The Bureaucracy background

1. Corporations U.S. post a service FDIC- Amtrak

2. Appointments budgets

Departments of gov’t 15 department

Justice - lawyers

Interior - Public Lands

Housing

Health/Human Services

Agr culture

Transportation

3. Independent regulatory agencies

SEC -- the stock market

FTC -- advertising

FDA --Drugs

EPA -- water/air pollutions

4. Private enterprise

1. Few unions

2. Salary negotiable

3. At will firing

4. Decentralized authority

Bureaucracy

1. Union Protections

2. Salary schedule - seniority/degrees

3. Firing with cause due process -

4. Hierarchy of authority

Outsourcing - Conservative ideology

5. Pres

Bureaucracy

Employees civil servants- laws - congress for the agency - follow the regulations

Regulations must be followed by civil servants

The forces of low - detail instructions on how to manage the Debt

The protections that they have Pendleton Act of 1883 - established our civil service system = merit system - you must be a competent

Old system - patronage system = if you helped politicians you automatically get a job

1979 - merit systems protection Board

6. Regulatory agencies = regulate social programs + the economy

Regulations = they pass regulations, they serve as courts

EX: A. Federal Elections comm - pass thousands of regulations regarding campaign practices finance

B. hearing - civil penalties

7. Pres

Bureaucracy

appointment power control over of the budget executive orders

to enforce the law

8. Implementation

The way the agency addresses areas of concern with their authority

Food Drug Admin - make sure medications are safe

1. Doctors / Scientists

2. Conduct research

3. Determine side effect

4. When to approve a medicine congress gives the agencies authority to pass regulations = implementation

9. Congress - the budget

bureaucracy

establishes the agencies through laws give the agencies a scope of authority to the agencies

96. Administrative Discretion

· The scope of authority can be broad or narrow

· How much authority Congress gives to the agency

1. Intelligence agencies FBI, CIA, NSA, Secrecy

2. Highly technical - broad administration distractions

Inferior Fed courts

U.S District courts = trial 94 fed districts fed laws

Circuit court to appeals 12 regional courts - 9th circuit cases on appeal

Trial - unfair due process rights violated by Judge or attorneys

- facts are settled

- laws rather than facts

- lost here - US Supreme court

1. Injured party

2. Fed law violation

3. Trial appellate process

4. Supreme court doesn’t have to hear your case

8000 thousand petitions

70 - 80 cases --- hearing granted

11. A- lawyers --- submit is granted a petition for hearing

B- submit briefs --- 500 pages + documents

--- other party submits 400 pages

C- rules of 4 = 40 vt+of 9 judges will hear the case

12. Stare Decisis

1. Arguments are based on cases already decided

2. Judges review the important + case from the past = precedents

3. They write on options in the US reports --- about which way they rule

13. Favorable ruling

1. 5 out of judges to agree in favor of one of the parties

2. Write the options which go into the reports

3. You write dissenting opinion

Appointment power

President --- appointment power

Senate approves the nomination

Majority votes for confirmation

Civil liberties

-- Negative freedoms government back’s away = promises not to interfere

-- A constitutional involves

-- A government body = relationship

Government - you

Bill of rights

1st 10 amendments

1791 --- rights applied to fed laws only

1. Rights to free speech

2. Right to petition for grievances

3. Free exercise of religion

4. Establishment clause --- prohibits the state from establishing a church

5. Free press

2d beam's

3rd quartering of troop

5th pretrial its trial its

6th post-trial its

Courts bill of rights

16. Selective incorporation

They adopted the 14th amendment - 1868

No state shall deny persons life, liberty or property without due process

b. Does this clause mean the something as the bill of rights?

c. The courts stated the 14th amendment is Not the same as the bill of rights

d. The states do not have to follow the bill of rights

e. Change starting in 1925 - gif low case - freedom of speech should be respected by the states the first amendment by the states applied to the states

17. 14th amendment, due process clause requires the states to honor the bill of rights

Cnll Rights

1. Positive rights - the gov’t must do something to protect these rights

2. Anti discrimination provisions and lows

3. Fair housing, employment, public accommodations(restaurants)

Affirmation actions-giving minorities compensation to compete,

Disability = 1990 Disability Act Sexual discrimination, age

· Civil rights = gov’t does something to prevent these types of dis

· Civil liberties - the gov’t will not remove rights as bitrarily

19. Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Fair Housing Act of 1968)

1. Katzenbach V.Mcclung states that the interstate comm clause allows, cong to reg discrimination in private business

2. A. NO disc in employment

B. NO disc in businesses

C. Creation of the EEOC

D. Fed Funds (grants) are denied to institutions that discriminate

20. A. Protected groups - No disc as to race color creed national, age disability, gender(sex)

B. Protected groups can use the EEOC - they can sue under the Civil Rights

C. They don’t an attorney, they will be defended by the gov’t

21. Slavery was abolished 13th in 1865 under the 13th amend

14th - Prohibited disc under the “equal protection provision” of the 14th amend

NO Shares Shall deny person’s equal protection under the law = No states can discriminate under their laws

The court's - federalism, we have states rights

Consequences = No voting rights, 1880’s - 1960’s

No rights to employment

Can’t leave plantations, guns

Can’t meet/organize, segregation

Plessy vs Ferguson 1894

a. Define “equal protection clause”

b. Equal protection means

c. Homer Plessy = passenger truck case

22. Brown v Bd of Education Supreme court in 1954

· 10 yrs to find the perfect

· NAACP - attorneys handled the case

· School segregation

· Staff textbooks curriculum facilities(all whites)

· - Staff textbooks curriculum facilities(School for minorities)

Ruling - segregation in schools produces a sense of interiority

Overrule (reverse) Plessy - “Segregation” practices are inherently unequal

Equal protection means that segregation practices will be considered throughout the US

Class action - applies to all public schools through the U.S.

Produced = dejure integration didn’t produce defacto integration 10 yrs

Public Policy - Reform soc sec

-How much taxes

-Health care

Four stages of policy making

1. Recognition of a problem 2. Congress proposes bills to address

Immigration interest Groups

press

public opinion polls

Nature of the problem

3. Adoption of a bill becomes law (implementation) 4. Program reviews

Interest groups regulations

manage the law

24. Why is policy making so difficult

Ex. Think tank- soc security reform analysis

The rational process its NOT the political process

Influences from the political process

1. Local district objects

2. Interest group contributions

3. Public opinion

4. Cavcas/conferences

Porty influences