Research Project
VS29
FinalProject-EDF6437VSRevised.docx8
Final Project
Vaneza Sosa
EDF6437- Measurement and Single Case Design
Professor Ruiz
1 a) The Independent variable is
The level of understanding. Comment by Sal Ruiz: Errorless teaching, prompt delay, reinforcement, and multiple exemplar training
b) Dependent Variables.
The ability of the adolescents to solve problems that involved textual or pictorial activity Comment by Sal Ruiz: The acquisition, generalization, maintenance, and independent use of a problem-solving strategy the involved a textual/pictural activity schedule
c) The participants.
The four adolescents.
2. Write a demonstration research question.
What percentage of high school students have gone through the problem of drug addiction in the last two years? Comment by Sal Ruiz: This would not be appropriate to single case design
3. Write a parametric research question
Why it is the ability of men to lose weight high than that of women? Comment by Sal Ruiz: Neither would this. 1/15
4.
|
|
Observer 1 |
Observer 2 |
Total Count IOA |
|
Dog 1 |
17 |
17 |
100% |
|
Dog 2 |
11 |
15 |
73.3% |
|
Dog 3 |
16 |
17 |
94.1% |
|
Dog 4 |
26 |
23 |
88.5% |
|
Dog 5 |
16 |
18 |
88.9% |
|
Dog 6 |
33 |
36 |
91.7% |
a) Calculate the total count for OIA for each dog and add to the table above.
Total count IOA = smallest interval/largest interval * 100%
b) Did any of the observations meet criteria for the conventional IOA criteria for acceptability)? Explain. (5 points)
Yes, the observation for dog 1, dog3, dog4, dog 5 and dog6 had total count IOA above 80 IOA percentage.
c) Did you notice anything difficult about obtaining the count? What would you suggest be improved to rectify this situation?
· Disparities in the volume of the voices, where some barks could not be heard properly.
· Barking was happening very fast in a way that recording the barks was difficult
My suggestion is that, for the person making the recording should have the recorder close to the dog, so as not to miss even a single bark
d)
|
|
Observer 1 |
Observer 2 |
Total Count IOA |
|
Dog 1 |
17 |
16 |
94%% |
|
Dog 2 |
11 |
15 |
73.3% |
|
Dog 3 |
16 |
17 |
94.1% |
|
Dog 4 |
26 |
23 |
88.5% |
|
Dog 5 |
16 |
18 |
88.9% |
|
Dog 6 |
33 |
36 |
91.7% |
e) Calculate Mean count-per-interval IOA and place your answer here
Mean count per interval IOA
Dog1= 16/17 = 0.94
Dog2=11/15 =0.73
Dog3=16/17 = 0.94
Dog4=23/26 = 0.88
Dog5=16/18 =0.89
Dog6 = 33/36 = 0.92
lOA = int1 IOA + int2 IOA +… int n IOA / n int * 100
0.94 + 0.73 + 0.94 + 0.88 + 0.89 + 0.92 = 5.3
5.3/6 * 100 = 88.3 % Comment by Sal Ruiz: Good. 20/20
5. Read Wu et al. (2019) and answer the following questions. Reference to find the article in the UWF Library:
1. What is/are the dependent variable(s)?
· The response duration. Comment by Sal Ruiz: Not this
· The level of mastery of the foreign language. Comment by Sal Ruiz: This!
1. What is/are the independent variable(s)?
· The effectiveness of tact training.
· Level of understanding for Native- to -foreign and
· Foreign-to-native.
1. Who is the population?
The main focus was on Four native English-speaking adults, all of them were monolingual, they were Jesus, 26 years old, Eobard, 26 years old, Kip, 26 years old, Lily,23 years old. They were recruited from the college’s campuses and the local community.
1. Describe the IOA collection and results. Did IOA help the experimenters adjust any errors? Please elaborate.
A second data collector independently gathered IOA on at least 40% of all pretraining probes, post training probes, baseline and training sessions for each participant while viewing films of the sessions. The IOA accord was computed trial by trial. It was deemed agreement if the observers rated the same trial in the same way. It was deemed a dispute if the observer scored the trial differently.
The interobserver agreement for pretests and baseline was 100 percent for all four participants. Interobserver agreement during training was 99 percent (range, 89 percent to 100 percent) for Jesus, 100 percent for Eobard, 100 percent for Kip, and 100 percent for Lily. Interobserver agreement for post-training probes was 100 percent for all four subjects.
The IOA aided in correcting mistakes since it helped evaluate confidence in the fact that the training was clearly defined.
It also implies that the change in IOA was caused by a change in circumstances rather than a change in wording.
1. What design was used?
Adapted alternating treatment design. The design is used in skill acquisition research. Comment by Sal Ruiz: They combined it with a multiple baseline. 23/25
6. You would like to increase a client’s compliance with evaluating their glucose levels more times throughout the day, in order to better control their diabetes. What design would you select and why?
Longitudinal design. This study approach follows the very same target across time, making numerous observations and relating them to variables that may explain why the changes happened. Longitudinal study design reveals changing patterns and aids in determining the direction of casual associations. By taking measurements throughout a number of various time periods, it will be feasible to track changes in variables over time. This study design will simplify things to follow variations in glucose levels throughout the day, as well as the factors responsible for the fluctuations in glucose levels, in order to better manage diabetes. Comment by Sal Ruiz: This is not a single case design. Longitudinal data follows large groups over years
Observational design. This research design reaches conclusions by seeing and evaluating the subject or responder in their natural environment. It will entail observing children's ability to read the site words. By instructing children to read the words while they listen. Following an assessment of their reading fluency and the accuracy of their pronunciations. Comparing my observations to their fluency and accuracy of pronunciation before to the acquisition of the computers will aid in establishing if the computers have influenced their ability to read.
8. You would like to determine if classical music or techno helps you write more pages of your dissertation. What design would you select and why?
Correlational design. This investigates the relationship between variables without letting the researcher to influence or change any of them. It calculates the magnitude of a relationship between two variables. This design will aid in detecting and answering the question, "When do I write more pages of dissertation, is it when I am listening to classical music or when I am listening to techno?" It will aid in showing the link between the genre of music and the number of pages of dissertation.
9. You want to compare the effects of forward and backward chaining on cooking skills. What design would you select and why?
Experimental design. The study in this design is carried out using a scientific technique and two variables. The first set acts as a constant against which the second set's deviations are compared. Experimentation is utilized in qualitative research approaches; the efficiency of experimental study is contingent on researchers confirming that a variable change is caused only by a change in the constant variable. The research should reveal a clear cause and effect relationship. In this situation, comparing the quality of food cooked vs forward and backward chaining will allow you to determine the impacts of forward and backward chaining on culinary abilities. Comment by Sal Ruiz: None of your answers are single case designs. 0
In this section, you will now consider a research study you would be interested in conducting – especially if you wish to take EDF 6944 Advanced Single Case Design. Considering all of material from this course, please answer the following prompts that would be in your introduction and methods section
1. Topic: Briefly describe your topic of interest and why it is important. Importance should be related to previous research in the field and need to assess the intervention.
Evaluation of how young children act and behave in the company of other children, their peers.
This research is significant since children's social interactions and peer relationships are vital for their development. As a result, recognizing a child's actions while with their peers will aid in preventative and intervention efforts to increase young children's peer associated with social proficiency, particularly with those children who are at risk of continuing social development issues.
1. Literature Review: Locate an article related to your topic of interest. Indicate how it is related to your topic of interest. Be sure to cite it in APA style.
Social competence and Conduct Problems in Young Children
The purpose of this article is to investigate the disparities in many aspects of social competence in young infants (Webster-Stratton & Woolley, 2010). Information processing, real observation of conflict management abilities, and social play interactions during peer interactions are all examples of different social characteristics. The connection between this article and my field of study is that how children behave in the presence of their peers shapes their theory character and social development, which is crucial to children's competency in numerous life aspects... Comment by Sal Ruiz: This isn’t an ABA article
1. Research Question: Create a research question based on the topic. Remember to include all of the components of a good research question
How does the social goals of young children when they interact with their peers affects their social development?
1. Independent Variable: Identify the intervention or treatment package
· The relationship of Children’s social goals and behavioral strategies to their development
· Children’s social goals and behavioral strategies Comment by Sal Ruiz: How would you measure this?
1. Dependent Variable: Identify the target behavior(s).
· Children’s applied behavior.
· Children’s language acquisition
· Children’s psychological development. Comment by Sal Ruiz: Not specific enough. 20/30
1. Participant(s): Describe the population and justify why they were selected for your study.
Young children. This is because the participants are aligned with the research's purpose, which is to understand the children's social objectives during interactions with their peers, as well as the behavioral theoretical tactics they employ to attain those goals and the practical ramifications.
1. Measurement Procedure: Identify how you will capture the dependent variable and include whether the measurement you selected is continuous or discontinuous.
Qualitative measurement. These are the methods for gaining a more in-depth grasp of a subject. It may be used to decipher the meaning of a variety of actions about which little is known. It mostly deals with textual data; nonetheless, qualitative measurement is appropriate for doing research in a discipline involved with human activities, such as social sciences. It aids in a greater knowledge of human actions. This type of measuring can obtain data by direct observation. Comment by Sal Ruiz: Single case is quantitative
Because there are no numerical variables, the measurement is discontinuous Comment by Sal Ruiz: It wouldn’t be discontinuous because you aren’t measuring anything.
Design: Select one of the single-case designs you learned about and justify the reason for selection.
Multiple Baseline Design.
The experimental condition is presented to diverse behaviors in a sequential manner. In this type of single case design, there is just one baseline. This design investigates people's actions or settings in order to determine the impact of an intervention. It may be used to demonstrate the generalizability of treatments with effects to other research subjects, additional experimental conditions to the same participant, or even the same experimental condition to the same individual in different contexts. Comment by Sal Ruiz: How many people?
1. Measurement Integrity: Based on your measurement procedure and design, indicate which IOA procedure you will use.
The initial step in assessing IOA is to take videos of the subject's activity. Using the entire agreement procedure. Where the agreement for a specific observational session is obtained by computing the number of instances of the target behavior observed by each observer, then dividing the smaller number by the larger and multiplying by 100. Comment by Sal Ruiz: But what are you measuring?
IOA = Int small / int (largest) * 100%
1. Procedural Integrity: Describe how you will account for treatment integrity.
Making observations of behavior of the children.
Generating a well-defined list analysis of the interventions is the first step in accounting for treatment integrity.
Outlining clearly what the treatment is comprised of.
Rating the occurrence and nonoccurrence of each treatment component to calculate a percentage of treatment integrity
Drawing a graph of the integrity and the results of the data over period of time.
Method (70 points) Continued
1. Maintenance and Generalization: Describe considerations for maintenance and generalization.
Pre-correction is beginning with reminders before moving on to the job at hand in order to facilitate successful presentation of required behaviors.
Supervise. This entails ensuring that all settings are closely monitored.
In terms of performance on modifying habits, feedback can be positive, corrective, or negative. Comment by Sal Ruiz: Maintenance and Generalization reference the long term durability of the target behaviors.
Fix, this might be in the form of rectifying any errors or defects.
Maintenance according to a set timetable
Work orders are triggered by conditional monitoring.
Examination of failure mechanisms in order to establish the optimum maintenance approach
1. Social Validity: Defend how your study has social validity
The study is of social value and acceptance since it can aid in identifying children with social development issues and efforts to help them may be implemented early enough to guarantee that they grow with social behaviors and competencies. This may be accomplished by establishing and supporting good peer interactions among young children.
1. Ethical Considerations: Identify any ethical considerations in your research, such as consent, assent, conflicts of interest, etc.
Ethical considerations include avoiding anything that might cause participants bodily or mental damage. In this study, the researcher is cautious enough in collecting data and does not engage in any activity that can lead to posing the participants in any form of risk. Comment by Sal Ruiz: But how would you be cautious?
1. General: Indicate where your visual display of data be located in a scientific paper.
I would put the visual display right after the results since it gives a clear picture of what the content means by putting it in a visual context with maps and graphs. After a result.
1. General: Indicate where you would place the implications of your results in a scientific paper
Because they are taken from the results, I would insert implications right before the conclusion and explain how the findings may be useful for policy practice or theory. They are precise recommendations that you make as a consequence of more investigation. Comment by Sal Ruiz: 40/70
Reference
Webster-Stratton, C. & Woolley D., L. (2010) Social Competence and Conduct problems in Young Children: Issues in Assessment. 25-43. Doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2801_3
