adv pharm part 2 week 2
rosario08
finalpresentationinCCPPPPadvpharm.pptCommunity Acquired Pneumonia
Case study
The condition that will be focused on is Community Acquired Pneumonia
The patient’s name is Joel who is sixty eight years old
The patient has no history of any other related issues
Joel has been a smoker for more than forty years
The patient reported the following symptoms
Cough
Fatigue
Sweating
Shortness of breath
Community Acquired Pneumonia is a condition that affects the respiratory system. The condition affects people of all ages as long as they are exposed to harmful bacteria and virus that cause the condition. Community Acquired Pneumonia is a condition that has caused many deaths in the world and that is proof that the condition is serious and dangerous.
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Case study (continuation)
Vital signs
BP 152/90
HR 112/minute
Respiratory Rate 24/minute
Temp 102.6
Physical findings
Vomiting
Nausea
Chest Radiograph
The consolidation of the left lobe
Lab results
WBC 17,000/mm3
Neutrophils 70%
Lymphocytes 15%
Negative test for flu
The diagnosis of Joel revealed that he was suffering from CAP. The results that have been shared on the slide are proof that his health was not in a good condition. The vital signs revealed that the blood pressure was not normal. Vomiting and nausea were also signs and symptoms that revealed that Joel was not doing well as far as his health is concerned.
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Description of the illness
Community Acquired Pneumonia is a respiratory illness that is caused by;
Fungi
Virus
Bacteria
The condition affects young and old
Pathogens differ based on the age of the patient
Some of the signs related to the illness are
Lower body temperature
Chest pain when breathing and coughing
Community Acquired Pneumonia is an illness that has three different causes namely; virus, fungi, and bacteria. It therefore means that the risks of contracting the illness are high. Despite the fact that the condition affects people of different ages, the elderly members of society are highly affected. The lack of strong immune is one of the reasons why the elderly are at a high risk. Also, it is important to note that when people get older, their body organs do not function as affective as those of younger persons.
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Pathophysiology
Inhalation is the most common route of Community Acquired Pneumonia
The infection promotes the inflammatory of the alveoli
People who are 65 years and above are more exposed to the risk of acquiring CAP
Conditions such as bronchiectasis increase the vulnerability levels of the patient
The condition promotes the constriction of the airways
Typical bacteria and viral pathogens are some of the most common pathogens
The most common route of CAP is inhaling. The illness affects the respiratory system and that means that breathing in and out are highly affected. The vulnerability levels of patients is dictated by the age of patients as well as the presence of other condition. Presence of other conditions affects the immune of the patient and that exposes the patient to CAP.
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Signs and symptoms
Fatigue
Sweating
Shaking chills
Diarrhea
Shortness of breath
Lower body temperature and Fever
Cough
Chest pain
Some of the signs and symptoms of the illness are as stated. It is no doubt that the symptoms affect the effectiveness of the body as well as daily engagements of the patient.
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Medication management
Fluoroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin 750 mg (every 12 hours) 3 days
Levofloxacin 500 mg for 7 days
Fluoroquinolones should not be recommended for children
Tetracyclines
Doxycycline 200 mg (given twice in a duration of 12 hours)
Tetracycline 50 mg/kg in four different and equal doses
Tetracyclines are suitable for both children and elder patients
Fluoroquinolones and Tetracyclines are also on the list of the medicines that are used to treat Community Acquired Pneumonia. However, the two types of medications have restrictions when it comes to the ages of the patients. Children should not take Fluoroquinolones. When it comes to tetracyclines, there are no limitations. Young and elder patients are allowed to take the drugs.
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barriers to practice
Side effects
The side effects of a drug can affect the intake of the drug
When the side effects are dire, the prescription should be changed
Some of the possible side effects are;
Intestinal infection
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Barrier to medications is dictated by different factors. One of the factors is associated with the side effects of the medicines. In some cases and patients, there are side effects. The side effects might affect the healing process or even make the condition worse. It therefore means that they must be changed. In cases where the side effects are known before the administration of drugs, there are barriers to administration.
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barriers to practice
The nature of the condition is complex
It is easy to misdiagnose the illness
If not detected on time, there are high chances of death
The drugs might have serious and life threatening side effects
Increased experience is needed for practitioners
There are different barriers to the practice. One of the barriers is associated with the complexity of the condition (Pliakos, Andreatos, Tansarli, Ziakas, & Mylonakis, 2019). When a condition is complex, the practitioners must have the skills and experience to deal with it.
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Overcoming the barriers
Promote patient literacy
Increase practitioner education
Educate patients how to avoid the condition by;
Maintaining hygiene
Maintaining oral hygiene
Avoiding smoking
Seeking immediate medical help when there are symptoms
It is important to deal with the barriers once and for all with the main aim of promoting a healthy population. Patient education is paramount in this case because it will help patients to protect their health. One of the barriers is the complexity of the condition. It would therefore be important to make sure that practitioners have the skills and knowledge they need to become effective and of help to patients.
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expected outcomes
Increased quality of life
The quality of life changes during illnesses
When a condition improves, the quality of life increases
It, therefore, means that administering medications will help to improve the quality of life
The medicines are supposed to make the condition of the patient better
Taking the pain away will help to improve the quality of life
One of the expected outcomes is increased quality of life. Helping the patient to live better through the condition will be improving the quality of his life. The pain will reduce and soon, the patient will get better (Uranga et al. 2017). It therefore means that the life of the patient will get back on track soon.
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expected outcomes
Containment of the condition
Community Acquired Pneumonia is a condition that can affect the life of a patient
It is important to contain it
The medication will be helping to make sure that it does not advance to another stage
One of the expected outcome is to help the patient get through the condition
It is important to make sure that patients get through their condition smoothly. One of the outcomes that are expected is to ensure that the patient goes through the whole process without challenges (Metlay et al. 2019). Healthcare practitioners are not only expected to offer treatments but they are also supposed to offer support to patients to make sure that before healing, the misery is reduced.
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follow up care
The patient will be monitored for the next fifteen days
The follow up will
The second follow up will be after a month
The patient will be asked to come for a test after week
Also, the patient will be called thrice a week to know how he is doing
In the case of anything, the patient will be advised to call the hospital
The health of a patient is paramount. Following patients after discharge is a norm in healthcare. The same will be promoted in this case. The following up will be make sure that the patient is getting better.
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multiple choice questions
Which of the following is not a medication for Community Acquired Pneumonia?
Fluoroquinolones
Macrolide antibiotics
Tetracyclines
Hedex
Community Acquired Pneumonia affects people who are how many years old?
12 years old
2 years old
65 years old
All of the above
multiple choice questions
Which of the following is not one of the expected outcomes?
Increased quality of life
Containment of the condition
Healing
Increase pain
Which one of the following is not a side effects of CAP drugs?
Intestinal infection
Nausea
Vomiting
Increased appetite
multiple choice questions
Can Macrolide antibiotics help to treat CAP?
Yes
No
Maybe
There is no evidence
References
Tansarli, G. S., & Mylonakis, E. (2018). Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of short-course antibiotic treatments for community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 62(9).
Pliakos, E. E., Andreatos, N., Tansarli, G. S., Ziakas, P. D., & Mylonakis, E. (2019). The Cost-Effectiveness of Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Chest, 155(4), 787-794.
Uranga, A., España, P. P., Bilbao, A., Quintana, J. M., Arriaga, I., Intxausti, M., ... & Capelastegui, A. (2016). Duration of antibiotic treatment in community-acquired pneumonia: a multicenter randomized clinical trial. JAMA internal medicine, 176(9), 1257-1265.
References
Metlay, J. P., Waterer, G. W., Long, A. C., Anzueto, A., Brozek, J., Crothers, K., ... & Griffin, M. R. (2019). Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. An official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 200(7), e45-e67.
Wu, W. F., Fang, Q., & He, G. J. (2018). Efficacy of corticosteroid treatment for severe community-acquired pneumonia: A meta-analysis. The American journal of emergency medicine, 36(2), 179-184.
