Bibliography

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Running Head: Annotated Bibliography

Final Essay

Annotated Bibliography

Philosophical Thoughts and Leisure

PHIL 300

Simarvir Singh

2018112377

June 6, 2021

Professor: Navdeep Kaur

Source 1- UNIT-5 Notes: Leisure, Self-Development, and Education. Retrieved from https://courses.yorkvilleu.ca/mod/book/view.php?id=1258243&chapterid=249278

Summary: John Dewey is arguing about Aristotle's division of society upon his psychological division leads the society to two types of citizen, one for labor that is working class and the other is for leisure that are the leaders of society. Apart from that, he doubts the process of building capacity on human being strengths. As Dewey encourages to use the imagination as a tool to bring the possible outcomes of the ideas.

• By considering Dewey's thoughts on education, we learn that today’s educational division is still existing by which he fears that this division would make an educated person shy from manual labor.

• The meaning of good education for Dewey is to teach all the citizens to participate in the community and volunteer in the affairs.

• On the other hand, as a liberal thinker, Aristotle disclaims and thinks that people often need help in their life which they can get by be being a part of a good community.

Evaluate: this source is provided by the university and as compared to other sources, these notes are providing basic concepts of Dewey which helps us to understand his thought process upon education and leisure.

Source 2- Chapter One: Education as a Necessity of Life. Retrieved from https://books.google.ca/books?id=3PiYDAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Summary: This chapter introduces the philosophy of education and how it is related to the people and their need for learning. Dewey is providing three significant ideas which include the notion of renewal of life by transmission, education and communication, and place of formal education. Dewey thought about the idea that education is important because biologically people die, and knowledge can be preserved to renew lives and preserve what was previously established. This can be done by transmission, as young ones must learn from the old ones through communication. Passing knowledge from generation to generation will bring some modern changes to the knowledge. However, formal schooling and teaching institutions in not necessary as a child can learn through experience.

• Renewal of life by transmission: Dewey explains the power of transmission occurred through the communication of habits, thinking, and feelings from older to younger.

• Education and communication: To form a society or community which aims to have common beliefs, aspirations, knowledge and to continue the circle of this society knowledge from generation to generation, we need a common understanding which we can get from education.

• The place of formal education: Here, Dewey is explaining the way try we to understand the worth of institution, economic, domestic, legal, religion has been affected largely and gained a lot of experience.

Evaluate: This chapter is providing the information about Dewey’s understanding about education and life. This source is coming from a book written by John Dewey called Democracy and Education.

· Since Dewey wrote “Democracy and Education” in 1916 much has been written about democratic education in education scholarship and theory. A work initially subtitled “An Introduction to Philosophy of Education”.

· Author Qualification: John Dewey graduated with a bachelor's degree from the University of Vermont in 1879 and received a doctorate in philosophy from Johns Hopkins University in 1884.

· ISBN – 978-1-62558-020-7

Source 3- Politics: Aristotle. Retrieved from http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/politics.8.eight.html

Summary- Reviewing and criticizing other constitutions and constitutional theories, Aristotle concludes that no present city or theory is ideal. He identifies cities with their respective constitutions and categorizes six different kinds of cities, three good and three bad. The three good kinds are politeia, or constitutional government; aristocracy; and kingship. The three bad kinds are democracy, oligarchy, and tyranny. People are deemed more or less valuable to society according to the contributions they make to the life of the city. Though Aristotle states that a constitutional government with a sovereign set of laws is ideal, he admits that in cases where there is an outstanding group or individual, aristocracy or kingship might be preferable. However, in terms of education, Aristotle recommends a program of reading and writing, drawing, physical training, and music. This education should be directed toward the end of achieving a life of good quality, and should encourage life skills, moral goodness, and cultivation of the mind.

· Aristotle concludes that no present city or theory is ideal.

· Aristotle reviews the many different manifestations of the different forms of government and remarks on the value of a strong middle class that can mediate between the opposing interests of the rich and the poor.

· Envisioning an ideal city, Aristotle states that the goal of the city is to help each citizen achieve happiness, which is found in the free exercise of speculative reasoning. 

Evaluate- By this source we understand the counterpoint given by Aristotle and what were his thoughts on education. He is explaining the importance of education with the political point of view. This source is coming from one of recommendation by Yorkville University.

· Aristotle wrote this book in 350 B.C.E.

· ISBN- 978-0-140444216