Capstone Project Change Proposal Presentation for Faculty Review and Feedback AND Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal
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Summary
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Running head: REFLECTIVE JOURNAL
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Reflective journal
Name
Institution
Course
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Introduction
The one-course reflective journal incorporates the inquiry and leadership into current
practice as it applies to the Practicum and Professional Capstone course. The journal reflects on
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consider evidence-based approaches. The progressive application of evidence-based practices
leads to effective care which results in better patient outcomes.
Interprofessional collaboration
Interprofessional collaboration takes place when diverse healthcare providers from
various professional background and specialties work together with the patients, their families,
their caregivers as well as communities to deliver quality care. It is the collective involvement of
various healthcare workers works with patients, caregivers, families and communities to share
their perspectives concerning delivering highest quality of care (Reeves et. al., 2017).
Interprofessional collaboration helps healthcare professionals to achieve better patient outcomes
and optimal health status of patients and communities.
Healthcare providers such as nurses, physicians and others should collaborate across all
professions to provide highest quality care and improved patient outcomes. This involves
working with all people irrespective of their expertise or professional level to improve the overall
health outcomes (Grove & Gray, 2018) . All healthcare professionals should keep aside all their
differences and work together with a common goal for interprofessional collaboration to work
well in the healthcare setting. They should also improve their communication and develop good
working relationships to ensure that interprofessional collaboration works well with minimal or
no setbacks (Reeves et. al., 2017). When healthcare professionals use interprofessional
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individual knowledge and skills attained during the Practicum and Professional Capstone course
(Finkelman, 2017). Stress and burnout caused by work overloads in the nursing practice has
attracted the attention of nursing researchers and educators since they have recognized their
impacts on patient outcomes and satisfaction. The journal will also address the skills and
knowledge that I have acquired during the Practicum and Professional Capstone course and
during the placement. This knowledge and skills have helped me develop my nursing career
(LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2017) . Working under the supervision and mentorship of my
preceptor enabled me acquire additional practical skills that will enable me to provide the best
quality care to patients. The mentor assigned me various practical duties that made me more
knowledgeable.
New practice approaches
The nursing discipline has experienced significant alterations in the last years, one of
them being the utilization of evidence-based approaches or evidence-based practice (EBP) in
care delivery (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2017) . The progressive application of evidence-based
approaches in the nursing practice is revolutionizing healthcare delivery in many ways.
Nurses must conform to modifications to remain pertinent in their responsibility to give
excellent nursing care to patients. One way that the nursing practice emphasizing the utilization
of EBP in nursing care is to that higher learning institutions are growingly acknowledging the
vitality of the current inclination and initiating modifications to the nursing courses offered to
collaboration, they can work together to prevent medication errors, deliver better patient
outcomes, improve patient experience and reduce healthcare costs. Interprofessional
collaboration also enable healthcare facilities to eliminate workflow redundancies and achieve
operational efficiencies.
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actions and intentions values in the healthcare setting. The ethical values spells out the moral
principles that governs how an individual conduct themselves any time (Chadwick & Gallagher,
2016). Ethical considerations also cover the rights or wrongs, dos and don’ts and the decision-
making process of determining the consequences of the actions. Every person has their set of
moral and ethical principles (Blais, Hayes, Kozier, & Erb, 2016) . Ethical values in the healthcare
settings are essential because every healthcare provider must face ethical healthcare dilemmas
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Health care delivery and clinical systems
A healthcare delivery systems involves people, institutions and resources aimed at
delivering quality healthcare services to meet the health needs of a given population. A
healthcare delivery system enables patients and population to receive healthcare services. It also
aims at delivering cost-effective and safe health services that meet the quality standards
(Kuziemsky, Abbas, & Carroll, 2018) . The adoption of healthcare delivery systems on the basis
of patient-centered care is crucial in the clinical settings. It brings respect for nurses and
healthcare providers. Healthcare delivery system is classified into individual patient, health team,
patients’ family members and health institutions including nursing homes, clinics and hospitals
(Grove & Gray, 2018) . Clinical systems refers to information systems put in place for use in
healthcare settings.
Nurses are essential components in the healthcare delivery systems. They provide the
best and high quality health services to patients during nursing practice. Nurses are includes in
all health plan levels. They are also in all operating units to promote development, foster
direction and guide the implementation of patient-centered programs (Grove & Gray, 2018) .
Nurses use clinical systems to manage patient care in the best way possible in critical care
settings. The clinical systems enables nurses and other providers to connect to other departments
such as radiology, lab, and pathology and so on for easier access to patient records and for
accurate and complete patient care.
Ethical considerations in health care
Ethical values are essential for any healthcare provider. They are universal codes of
conduct and rules that provides a practical framework for identifying the types of motives,
and make good decisions and judgments regarding various healthcare issues while maintaining
these values.
To practice effectively with competence and integrity, nurses and other healthcare
professionals must have their own ethical values and follow healthcare-based ethical principles
to guide them in their practice (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2017) . Healthcare is guided by four
major ethical values alongside other expected ethical principles such as honesty, integrity,
empathy, compassion, confidentiality etc. These ethical values in nursing include autonomy,
justice, beneficence and non-maleficence. Autonomy gives patients the right to make their
decisions based on their values and beliefs. Beneficence gives healthcare professionals a duty to
minimize harm, refrain from maltreatment and promote safety and good towards patients
(Chadwick & Gallagher, 2016) . Justice is the right for patients to be treated fairly and equally by
healthcare professionals. Lastly, non-maleficence is the patients’ right to no harm during
treatment. Nurses and all healthcare providers have a unique responsibility to themselves, their
profession and to patients to maintain ethical values.
Practices of culturally sensitive care
Culturally sensitive care is care that reflects the ability to respond appropriately to
feelings, attitudes and situations of groups of individuals sharing a distinctive and common
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national, racial, linguistic, cultural and religious heritage. A culturally competent care is capable
of improving the quality of care and overall health outcomes. It can also lead to elimination of
racial, cultural and ethnic health disparities (Ring, Nyquist, & Mitchell, 2018) . The world is
ethnically and racially diverse. This calls for the need of culturally competent care. The racial
and ethnic minority groups and communities usually face sociocultural obstacles to quality care
such as lack of access to health insurance, language barriers, racial/ethnic discrimination, and
low literacy to understand the need for quality care and low income to afford health services.
Nurses and other healthcare providers can develop and adopt various strategies and
practices to enable them provide culturally competent care (Ring, Nyquist, & Mitchell, 2018) .
These practices includes providing training and education to increase cultural awareness and
knowledge, provide interpret services, work with minority staff, use community health workers
services, include community and family members in healthcare decision-making, improve
language and communication barriers, engage directly in cross-cultural interactions with patients
and conduct cultural competence self-assessment among all healthcare providers (Jolley, 2020) .
Healthcare providers should focus on providing culturally competent healthcare to all patients.
Ensuring the integrity of human dignity in the care of all patients
Human dignity is the inherent characteristics and supreme values possessed by all human
beings in virtue of their humanity. It is simply the acknowledgement that human beings have a
unique value intrinsic to their humanity and should be respected because they are human beings.
Human dignity manifests through show of respect for self and for others (Kadivar, Mardani-
Hamooleh, & Kouhnavard, 2018) . It is influenced by how other people treats an individuals.
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Human dignity can also be influenced by other factors including attitudes, level of independence,
perceived control and symptom management among nurses towards people.
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population health such as education, homelessness, unemployment, racial discrimination and so
on (Woolf, et al., 2015) . Healthcare professionals should collaborate and work together to
improve the healthcare systems, livelihoods and health status of the communities where they
operate. This would address the major population health concerns and improve the overall health
of populations that they serve.
The role of technology in improving health care outcomes
Patient safety is a top priority and a first line consideration in the healthcare settings. It
involves avoiding, preventing and ameliorating negative results or injuries that originates from
healthcare processes. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended the development and
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Observing human dignity and respect for life is part of the nursing profession ethics that
nurses should observe without focusing on the gender, race, culture, age, social status, economic
status or nationality of patients (Sabeghi, Nasiri, Zarei, Tabar, & Golbaf, 2017) . Nurses should
always preserve and respect human dignity by treating patients with humanity, respecting all
patients, treating patients with compassion and justice and involving patients in their care by
giving them a chance to make decisions regarding their care. Nurses should uphold and preserve
the integrity of human dignity when providing care to patients (Schmidt & Brown, 2017) . They
should ensure privacy and confidentiality of their records and treatment without considering
factors such as age, gender, race, nationality, ethnicity and socioeconomic status.
Population health concerns
Population health is a customizable and interdisciplinary approach that enables health
departments to connect healthcare practice to policy so that changer can occur locally. The health
approach utilizes modern partnerships among different community sectors to achieve positive
outcomes of population health (Navarro & Muntaner, 2020). Population health focuses on
significant health concerns and address various ways that resources can be allocated in the health
sector to overcome issues which are driving poor health conditions among the populations.
Environmental factors determines the health of populations. Nurses and population health
advocates can effective a positive change in how environmental factors affect population health.
Some of the environmental factors that affect population health includes unemployment,
homelessness, neighborhood violence, food insecurity and underemployment.
Nurses should strive to address the major population concerns within their ability to
ensure that people get the best quality care. Nurse leaders and management of health facilities
should lobby for external support to address some environmental and social concerns of
testing of new healthcare technologies to minimize medical error in 1999. The later
recommended the application of health information technology (HIT) as the initial step to change
and transform healthcare environment to achieve safer and better patient care.
Studies have shown that both advantages and disadvantages come with technology
adoption in healthcare such as potential for technical issues and security breaches. Privacy
overall is a major concern. Also, communication in the healthcare setting can be rapid and
emergent, giving room for error (Pompilio, 2019). Though the advantages that technology usage
in healthcare has provided is vast and improves patient outcomes, care has to be taken when
using technology to provide care. Healthcare workers should also be educated on what safety
modalities with incorporating technology when providing patient care.
Health policy
Health policy describes the actions, decisions and plans implemented with an aim of
achieving certain healthcare goals in the society. A well-defined health policy can achieve goals
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such as informing people, defining a vision for future, defining priorities, outlining expected
roles of various groups and building a consensus within society (Abel-Smith, 2018) . Health
policy can be global health policy, public health policy, health service policy, insurance policy
and so on. Health policy helps in standardizing daily operational activities of a health
organization. These policies provide clarity when faced with critical issues, legal and safety
liabilities and regulatory requirements (Barr, 2016). Appropriate development and management
of health policies enables organization to formulate powerful solutions to issues and improve
productivity and efficiency of these facilities while refraining them from breaching regulations.
Nurses have a significant role in development, implementation, management and
enforcement of health policies. These policies guide the nursing practice and overall healthcare
(Barr, 2016). Since they are the main providers of health services, nurses should actively
participate in the process of developing, implementing, managing and enforcing these policies.
Nurses should follow health policies of their respective organizations to achieve the desired
health outcomes, guide decision making and guide their roles, duties and responsibilities (Abel-
Smith, 2018). Health policies is the foundation of the delivery of quality, holistic, safe and cost-
effective care.
Leadership and economic models
The aspects that are driving healthcare change includes healthcare access problems,
suboptimal patient outcomes, fragmentation and unsustainable healthcare costs. The cost and
quality concerns together with transforming the infection-type and social demographics created
the highest need for healthcare change (Needleman, 2016) . Another major concern is caring for
as well as paying for the medical treatments and interventions of patients with chronic
conditions. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) consists of programs such as Centers for Medicaid
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and Medicare services whose aim is enhancing cost and quality control in healthcare. The great
care coordination may reduce healthcare spending, improve quality patient care and improve
patient outcomes (Finkelman, 2017). Reducing the unnecessary hospitalizations, unwarranted
utilization of emergency units, repeated diagnostic testing, and adverse drug interactions can cut
on costs, repeated medical history and multiple prescriptions. Healthcare organizations takes
incremental steps towards achieving high quality care and lower costs.
Nursing has a pivotal contribution towards healthcare reforms and demands for quality,
safe, affordable, patient-centered and accessible healthcare system (Needleman, 2016) . Nurses
must understand how nursing practice should be unique in delivering the expected quality care
and proactively and passionately engaging in the change process for their healthcare facilities to
achieve these outcomes (Zerwekh & Garneau, 2017) . The healthcare changes may require
improved skills or new skill set of patient care and wellness with new emphasis on patient-
centered care, quality improvement, coordination and data analytics. The healthcare economic
models helps in reducing costs and improving the quality and accessibility of care to the entire
population. As a result, it required quality leadership from the nurse leaders to the senior
management to deliver quality healthcare services.
Health disparities
Health disparities occurs from many factors such as environmental threats, poverty,
educational inequalities, individual factors, behavioral factors and inadequate access to
healthcare services. Health disparities may also originate from the race and ethnicity of a
population or community. Other health disparities includes socioeconomic status and disability
status (Wheeler & Bryant, 2017) . These disparities shapes the ability of an individual or
population to attain optimal health.
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After assuming leadership roles, nurses can improve population health by prioritizing
health equity needs and integrating strategies to reduce and eliminate health disparities into
health programs (Thornton, et al., 2016) . In addition, all healthcare providers should be trained
on addressing social determinants of health with an aim of promoting equitable health outcomes
for all patients, their families and communities.
Conclusion
For one to understand the nursing practice, he/she needs to examine the mission, goals,
processes and leadership. The nursing practice involves promoting supportive learning and
integrating it into educational experience both in classroom and clinical environment using
reflection. The strategies includes clinical practice, practical knowledge and nurse involvement
in a learning settings. The practicum enables nurses to learn and acquire new skills and
knowledge in the emerging nursing field. It opens the mind of nurses to explore new
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Abel-Smith, B. (2018). An introduction to health: policy, planning and financing. Taylor &
Francis Books Limited.
Barr, D. A. (2016). Introduction to US Health Policy: the organization, financing, and delivery
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Blais, K., Hayes, J. S., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. L. (2016). Professional nursing practice: Concepts
and perspectives. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
Chadwick, R., & Gallagher, A. (2016). Ethics and nursing practice. Macmillan International
Higher Education.
Finkelman, A. (2017). Professional nursing concepts: Competencies for quality leadership.
Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Grove, S. K., & Gray, J. R. (2018). Understanding Nursing Research: Building an Evidence-
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Jolley, J. (2020). Introducing research and evidence-based practice for nursing and healthcare
professionals. Routledge.
Kadivar, M., Mardani-Hamooleh, M., & Kouhnavard, M. (2018). Concept analysis of human
dignity in patient care: Rodgers' evolutionary approach. Journal of medical ethics and
history of medicine, 11.
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verb acquire (get, develop): acquire gettechnologies and concepts in nursing care.
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Woolf, S. H., Purnell, J. Q., Simon, S. M., Zimmerman, E. B., Camberos, G. J., Haley, A., &
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