'B21: b21 look on the bright side of things
1 = Always
2 = Sometimes
3 = Never

'B26: b26 feel useless with age
1 = Always Often
2 = Sometimes Seldom
3 = Never

'd0vdage validated age at death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
888 = don't know
999 = missing

'D31: d31 how often eat fresh fruit?
0 = Never
1 = Always

'D4BEAN1: d4bean1 how often ate food made from bean at around age 60?
0 = No
1 = yes almost everyday

'd62 smoked or not in the past?
1 = yes
2 = no

'D76: d76 how much per day if drink( or drank)?
1 = 1 -3 bottle per day
2 = 4-9 bottle per day
3 = 10 bottle per day
4 = 10 or more per day
5 = 15 or more per day

'D81: d81 exercise or not at present?
0 = No
1 = Yes

'education level of 1st person living with you currently
0 = No Eduaction
1 = Little Education
2 = High Education

'F35_14:total income of your household last year
1 = 2000 thru10000
2 = 10001 thru 30000
3 = 30001 thru 88888
4 = More than 100000

'f61 get adequate medical service at present
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = no sick recently
9 = missing

'MartialStatusRecode
1 = married and living with spouse
2 = Separated
3 = never married

'prov national code for provinces sampled
11 = beijing
12 = tianjin
13 = hebei
14 = shanxi
21 = liaoning
22 = jilin
23 = helongjiang
31 = shanghai
32 = jiangsu
33 = zhejiang
34 = anhui
35 = fujian
36 = jiangxi
37 = shangdong
41 = henan
42 = hubei
43 = hunan
44 = guangdong
45 = guangxi
50 = chongqing
51 = sichuan
61 = shaanxi

'What was your main occupation before age 60
0 = proffessional and technical personel
1 = industrial worker
2 = service worker military personel

# of cigarettes 10th person usuallysmoke per day inside home
-1 = not applicable
88 = don't know
99 = missing

# of cigarettes the 10th person usually smoke per day inside home
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
88 = don't know
99 = missing

# of days needing assistance in bathing
-1 = not applicable
8888 = not able to answer
9998 = more than 100000 days
9999 = missing

# of days needing assistance in feeding
-1 = not applicable
8888 = not able to answer
9998 = more than 10000 days
9999 = missing

# of kinds of food named in one minute
88 = not able to answer
99 = missing

# of times in hospitals
88 = bedridden all the year around
99 = missing

# of times suffering from serious illness within the past two years
0 = no serious illness
88 = bedridden all the year around
99 = missing

# of times traveling beyond home county/city in the past two years
88 = don't know
99 = missing

=a53a4_11 education level of 1st person living with you currently
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
0 = UNDOCUMENTED CODE
1 = no education
2 = attend school but not graduated from primary school
3 = primary school
4 = middle school
5 = high school
6 = collage or above
8 = don't know
9 = missing

=a53a4_8 education level of 1st person living with you currently
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = no education
2 = attend school but not graduated from primary school
3 = primary school
4 = middle school
5 = high school
6 = collage or above
8 = don't know
9 = missing

=b21 look on the bright side of things
1 = always
2 = often
3 = sometimes
4 = seldom
5 = never
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

=d31 how often eat fresh fruit?
1 = almost everyday
2 = except winter
3 = occasionally
4 = rarely or never
9 = missing

=d4bean1 how often ate food made from bean at around age 60?
1 = almost everyday
2 = occasionally
3 = rarely or never
8 = don't know
9 = missing

=d4bean2 how often eat bean at present?
1 = almost everyday
2 = occasionally
3 = rarely or never
9 = missing

=d71 drink or not at present?
0 = no
1 = yes
9 = missing

=d81 exercise or not at present?
1 = yes
2 = no
9 = missing

=education level of 1st person living with you currently
-1 = not applicable
0 = no education
1 = attend school but not graduated from primary school
2 = primary school
3 = middle school
4 = high school
5 = collage or above
8 = don't know
9 = missing

=f2 main occupation before age 60
0 = professional and technical personnel
1 = governmental, institutional or managerial personnel
2 = agriculture, forest, animal husbandry
3 = fishery worker
4 = industrial worker
5 = commercial or service worker
6 = military personnel
7 = housework
8 = others
9 = missing

=f35_11 total income of your household last year
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

=f41 current marital status
1 = currently married and living with spouse
2 = separated
3 = divorced
4 = widowed
5 = never married
9 = missing

=g17a1 suffering from hypertension?
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = don't know
9 = missing

=g17n1 suffering from other chronic disease?
1 = difficult to classify
2 = no
3 = don't know
4 = mental disease
5 = orthopedic disease
6 = internal medical disease
7 = dermatosis
8 = five organs diseases
9 = gynecological disease

=total income of your household last year
88888 = do not know
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

$20-$3-$3-$3-$3-$3=?
0 = wrong
1 = correct
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

10th child is biological or not?
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = don't know
9 = missing

1st person to whom you talk first when you need to share your thoughts
0 = spouse
1 = son
2 = daughter
3 = daughter-in-law
4 = son-in-law
5 = grandchildren and their spouses
6 = other relatives
7 = friends/neighbors
8 = social workers
9 = housekeeper
10 = nobody
88 = not able to answer
99 = missing

1st time, number of days in hospital or bedridden
-1 = not applicable
888 = bedridden all the year around
999 = missing

a1 sex
1 = male
2 = female

a2 ethnic group
1 = han
2 = hui
3 = zhuang
4 = yao
5 = korea
6 = man
7 = mongolia
8 = others
9 = missing

a41a which province were you born in?
1 = beijing
2 = tianjian
3 = hebei
4 = shanxi
5 = liaoning
6 = jilin
7 = helongjiang
8 = shanghai
9 = jiangsu
10 = zhejiang
11 = anhui
12 = fujian
13 = jiangxi
14 = shangdong
15 = henan
16 = hubei
17 = henan
18 = guangdong
19 = guangxi
20 = sichuan
21 = chongqing
22 = shaanxi
88 = don't know
99 = missing

a42 was the place of birth an urban area or a rural area at time of birth?
1 = urban
2 = rural
9 = missing

a51 co-residence of interviewee
1 = with household member(s)
2 = alone
3 = in an institution
9 = missing

a51_0 co-residence of interviewee
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = with household member(s)
2 = alone
3 = in an institution
9 = missing

a51_11 co-residence of interviewee
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = with household member(s)
2 = alone
3 = in an institution
9 = missing

a51_2 co-residence of interviewee
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
1 = with household members
2 = alone
3 = in an institution
9 = missing

a51_5 co-residence of interviewee
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = with household member(s)
2 = alone
3 = in an institution
9 = missing

a51_8 co-residence of interviewee
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = with household member(s)
2 = alone
3 = in an institution
9 = missing

a52 how many people are living with you?
99 = missing

a52_0 how many people are living with you?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
99 = missing

a52_11 how many people are living with you?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
99 = missing

a52_2 how many people are living with you?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
-1 = not applicable
99 = missing

a52_5 how many people are living with you?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
99 = missing

a52_8 how many people are living with you?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
99 = missing

a530_11 is the house/apartment of the elder purchased/self-built/inherited/rented?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = purchased
2 = self-built
3 = inherited
4 = welfare-oriented public housing
5 = rented
6 = subleased
7 = others
8 = don't know
9 = missing

a530_5 is the house/apartment of the elder purchased/self-built/inherited/rented?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = purchased
2 = self-built
3 = inherited
4 = welfare-oriented public housing
5 = rented
6 = subleased
7 = others
9 = missing

a530_8 is the house/apartment of the elder purchased/self-built/inherited/rented?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = purchased
2 = self-built
3 = inherited
4 = welfare-oriented public housing
5 = rented
6 = subleased
7 = others
8 = don't know
9 = missing

a531_11 under whose name your current house/apartment purchased or rented
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = self
2 = children
3 = grandchildren
4 = other relatives
5 = others
8 = don't know
9 = missing

a531_2 under whose name your current house/apartment purchased or rented
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = self
2 = children
3 = grandchildren
4 = other relatives
5 = other non-relatives
8 = don't know
9 = missing

a531_5 under whose name your current house/apartment purchased or rented
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = self
2 = children
3 = grandchildren
4 = other relatives
5 = others
9 = missing

a531_8 under whose name your current house/apartment purchased or rented
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = self
2 = children
3 = grandchildren
4 = other relatives
5 = others
8 = don't know
9 = missing

a532_11 do you (and your spouse) have your own bedroom?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = missing

a532_2 do you (and your spouse) have your own bedroom?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
9 = missing

a532_5 do you (and your spouse) have your own bedroom?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
9 = missing

a532_8 do you (and your spouse) have your own bedroom?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = missing

a533_11 what type of dwelling is your home?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = detached house
2 = duplex/triplex
3 = low rise apartment (1-3 floors)
4 = high rise apartment (>3 floors, without elevators)
5 = high rise apartment (>3 floors, with elevators)
6 = mobile home / trailer
7 = other
8 = do not know
9 = missing

a534_11 what is the approximate year your home was built?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
8888 = do not know
9999 = missing

a535_11 during past 1 year, was your home damaged from broken pipes or heavy rain?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = do not know
9 = missing

a537_11 which fuels are normally used for cooking in your home?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
0 = never cooking
1 = gas: from underground pipes
2 = gas: bottled, tank, or lp
3 = electricity
4 = fuel oil, kerosene, etc
5 = coal or coke
6 = charcoal
7 = solar energy
8 = firewood or straw
9 = other

a53a1 relationship between you and 1st person you living with currently
-1 = not applicable
0 = spouse
1 = child
2 = spouse of child
3 = grandchild
4 = spouse of grandchild
5 = great grandchild or spouse of great grandchild
6 = sibling
7 = parent or parent-in-law
8 = other
9 = missing

a53a1_0 relationship between you and 1st person you living with currently
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
0 = spouse
1 = child
2 = spouse of child
3 = grandchild
4 = spouse of grandchild
5 = great grandchild or spouse of great grandchild
6 = sibling
7 = parent or parent-in-law
8 = other
9 = missing

a53a1_11 relationship between you and 1st person you living with currently
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
0 = spouse
1 = child
2 = spouse of child
3 = grandchild
4 = spouse of grandchild
5 = great grandchild or spouse of great grandchild
6 = sibling
7 = parent or parent-in-law
8 = other
9 = missing

a53a1_2 relationship between you and 1st person you living with currently
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
-1 = not applicable
0 = spouse
1 = child
2 = spouse of child
3 = grandchild
4 = spouse of grandchild
5 = great grandchild or spouse of great grandchild
6 = sibling
7 = parent or parent-in-law
8 = other
9 = missing

a53a1_5 relationship between you and 1st person you living with currently
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
0 = spouse
1 = child
2 = spouse of child
3 = grandchild
4 = spouse of grandchild
5 = great grandchild or spouse of great grandchild
6 = sibling
7 = parent or parent-in-law
8 = other
9 = missing

a53a1_8 relationship between you and 1st person you living with currently
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
0 = spouse
1 = child
2 = spouse of child
3 = grandchild
4 = spouse of grandchild
5 = great grandchild or spouse of great grandchild
6 = sibling
7 = parent or parent-in-law
8 = other
9 = missing

a53a2 age of 1st person you living with currently
-1 = not applicable
888 = don't know
999 = missing

a53a2_0 age of 1st person you living with currently
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
888 = don't know
999 = missing

a53a2_11 age of 1st person living with you currently
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
888 = don't know
999 = missing

a53a2_2 age of 1st person you living with currently
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
-1 = not applicable
888 = don't know
999 = missing

a53a2_5 age of 1st person you living with currently
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
888 = don't know
999 = missing

a53a2_8 age of 1st person living with you currently
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
888 = don't know
999 = missing

a53a3 sex of 1st person you living with currently
-1 = not applicable
1 = male
2 = female
9 = missing

a53a3_0 sex of 1st person you living with currently
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = male
2 = female
9 = missing

a53a3_11 sex of 1st person living with you currently
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = male
2 = female
8 = don't know
9 = missing

a53a3_2 sex of 1st person you living with currently
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = male
2 = female
9 = missing

a53a3_5 sex of 1st person you living with currently
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = male
2 = female
9 = missing

a53a3_8 sex of 1st person living with you currently
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = male
2 = female
8 = don't know
9 = missing

a53a4_5 educational attainment of 1st person you living with currently
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = no education
2 = primary school
3 = middle school
4 = high school
5 = collage or above
9 = missing

a53a5_11 # of cigarettes 1st person usuallysmoke per day inside home
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
88 = don't know
99 = missing

a53b3_11 sex of 2nd person living with you currently
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = male
2 = female
9 = missing

a53b3_8 age of 2nd person living with you currently
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = male
2 = female
9 = missing

a540_11 the primary reason that you live in an institution (elderly center, elderly home
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = no child or child is unavailable for caregiving
2 = don't want to bother children
3 = no own house/apartment but want to separate with children
4 = able to interact with other old persons
5 = others
8 = do not know
9 = missing

a540_5 the primary reason that the elder live in an institution
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = no child or child is unavailable for caregiving
2 = don't want to bother children
3 = don't own house/apartment but want to separate from children
4 = easy contact with other older persons
5 = others
9 = missing

a541_11 the average monthly cost for the elder living in an institution
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
8888 = don't know
9999 = missing

a541_5 the average monthly cost for the elder living in an institution
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
8888 = don't know
9999 = missing

a541_8 the average monthly cost for the elder living in an institution
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
8888 = don't know
9999 = missing

a542_11 who mainly paid for the cost?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = self
2 = spouse
3 = children & their spouses
4 = grandchildren & their spouses
5 = public & collectives
6 = others
8 = don't know
9 = missing

a542_5 who mainly paid for the cost?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = self
2 = spouse
3 = children & their spouses
4 = grandchildren & their spouses
5 = public & collectives
6 = others
9 = missing

a542_8 who mainly paid for the cost?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = self
2 = spouse
3 = children & their spouses
4 = grandchildren & their spouses
5 = public & collectives
6 = others
8 = don't know
9 = missing

a54a year of being admitted to the nursing home
-1 = not applicable
8888 = don't know
9999 = missing

a54a_0 year of being admitted to the nursing home
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
8888 = don't know
9999 = missing

a54a_11 year of being admitted to the institution or living alone
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
8888 = don't know
9999 = missing

a54a_2 year of being admitted to the nursing home
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
-1 = not applicable
8888 = don't know
9999 = missing

a54a_5 year of being admitted to an institution or living alone
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
8888 = don't know
9999 = missing

a54a_8 year of being admitted to the institution or living alone
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
8888 = don't know
9999 = missing

a54b_0 month of being admitted to the nursing home
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
88 = don't know
99 = missing

a54b_11 month of being admitted to the institution or living alone
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
88 = don't know
99 = missing

a54b_2 month of being admitted to the nursing home
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
-1 = not applicable
88 = don't know
99 = missing

a54b_5 month of being admitted to an institution or living alone
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
88 = don't know
99 = missing

a54b_8 month of being admitted to the institution or living alone
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
88 = don't know
99 = missing

able to carry 5kg weight?
1 = yes
2 = a little difficult
3 = unable to do so
8 = do not know
9 = missing

able to crouch and stand three times?
1 = yes
2 = a little difficult
3 = unable to do so
9 = missing

able to pick up a book from the floor?
1 = yes, without using hands
2 = yes, using hands
3 = no
9 = missing

able to stand up from sitting in a chair?
999 = missing

age of the oldest son alive at present
-1 = not applicable
888 = do not know
999 = missing

are any other social services available in your community?
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = don't know
9 = missing

are you retired?
-1 = not applicable
1 = retired (worker)
2 = retired (cadre)
3 = no
9 = missing

are you still engaged in paid jobs after retirement?
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = do not know
9 = missing

at what age did the elder first notice hearing difficulty?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = since i was born
2 = during my childhood (before the age of 15)
3 = between the ages of 15 and 40
4 = after the age of 40
8 = do not know
9 = missing

at what age did you first notice a hearing difficulty?
1 = since i was born
2 = during my childhood (before the age of 15)
3 = between the ages of 15 and 40
4 = after the age of 40
8 = do not know
9 = missing

attempts to repeat the names of three objects correctly
-1 = not applicable, i.e.,repeat objects correctly
7 = can't repeat the names of three object correctly
8 = not able to answer c21a c21b c21c
9 = missing

b11 self-reported quality of life
1 = very good
2 = good
3 = so so
4 = bad
5 = very bad
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

b11_0 self-reported quality of life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = very good
2 = good
3 = so so
4 = bad
5 = very bad
8 = not able to answer

b11_11 self-reported quality of life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = very good
2 = good
3 = so so
4 = bad
5 = very bad
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

b11_2 self-reported quality of life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
1 = very good
2 = good
3 = so so
4 = bad
5 = very bad
8 = unable to answer

b11_5 self-rated quality of life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = very good
2 = good
3 = so so
4 = bad
5 = very bad
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

b11_8 self-reported quality of life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = very good
2 = good
3 = so so
4 = bad
5 = very bad
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

b12_2 self-reported health
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
1 = very good
2 = good
3 = so so
4 = bad
5 = very bad
8 = unable to answer
9 = missing

b121_11 do you feel any change of your health since last year
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = much better
2 = a little better
3 = no change
4 = a little worse
5 = much worse
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

b121_2 do you feel any change of your health since last year?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
1 = much better
2 = a little better
3 = no change
4 = a little worse
5 = much worse
8 = unable to answer

b121_5 do you feel any change of your health since last year
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = much better
2 = a little better
3 = no change
4 = a little worse
5 = much worse
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

b121_8 do you feel any change of your health since last year
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = much better
2 = a little better
3 = no change
4 = a little worse
5 = much worse
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

b21_0 look on the bright side of things
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = always
2 = often
3 = sometimes
4 = seldom
5 = never
8 = not able to answer

b21_11 look on the bright side of things
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = always
2 = often
3 = sometimes
4 = seldom
5 = never
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

b21_2 look on the bright side of things
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
1 = always
2 = often
3 = sometimes
4 = seldom
5 = never
8 = unable to answer

b21_5 look on the bright side of things
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = always
2 = often
3 = sometimes
4 = seldom
5 = never
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

b21_8 look on the bright side of things
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = always
2 = often
3 = sometimes
4 = seldom
5 = never
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

b210_11 how much of the day did these feelings usually last?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = all day long
2 = most of the day
3 = about half of the day
4 = less than half of the day
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

b28_11 have you felt sad, blue, or depressed for two weeks or more in last 12 months?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

bathing
1 = without assistance
2 = one part assistance
3 = more than one part assistance
9 = missing

bedridden or not prior to death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = no
2 = yes
8 = do not know
9 = missing

blood pressure test for the 1st time: diastolic
888 = do not know
999 = missing

c11_0 what time of day is it right now?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
0 = wrong
1 = correct
8 = not able to answer

c11_11 what time of day is it right now?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
0 = wrong
1 = correct
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

c11_2 what time of day is it right now?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
0 = wrong
1 = correct
8 = unable to answer

c11_5 what time of day is it right now?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
0 = wrong
1 = correct
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

c11_8 what time of day is it right now?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
0 = wrong
1 = correct
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

c16_0 kinds of food named in one minute
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
88 = not able to answer

c16_11 # of kinds of food named in one minute
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
88 = not able to answer
99 = missing

c16_2 # of kinds of food named in one minute
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
88 = unable to answer

c16_5 # of kinds of food named in one minute
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
88 = not able to answer
99 = missing

c16_8 # of kinds of food named in one minute
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
88 = not able to answer
99 = missing

c22_0 attempts to repeat the names of three objects correctly
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable, i.e.,repeat objects correctly
7 = can't repeat the names of three object correctly
8 = not able to answer c21a c21b c21c
9 = missing

c22_11 attempts to repeat the names of three objects correctly
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable, i.e., repeat objects correctly
7 = can't repeat the names of three object correctly
8 = not able to answer c21a c21b c21c
9 = missing

c22_2 attempts to repeat the names of three objects correctly
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
-1 = not applicable, i.e., repeat objects correctly
7 = can't repeat the names of three objects correctly
8 = unable to answer
9 = missing

c22_5 attempts to repeat the names of three objects correctly
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable, i.e.,repeat objects correctly
7 = can't repeat the names of three object correctly
8 = not able to answer c21a c21b c21c
9 = missing

c22_8 attempts to repeat the names of three objects correctly
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable, i.e., repeat objects correctly
7 = can't repeat the names of three object correctly
8 = not able to answer c21a c21b c21c
9 = missing

c31d_11 $20-$3-$3-$3-$3=?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
0 = wrong
1 = correct
8 = unable to do
9 = missing

c31d_8 $20-$3-$3-$3-$3=?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
0 = wrong
1 = correct
8 = unable to do
9 = missing

c32 draw the figure following the sample
0 = wrong
1 = correct
8 = unable to do
9 = missing

c32_11 draw the figure following the example
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
0 = wrong
1 = correct
8 = can't use pen to draw the figure
9 = not able to do this (disabled)

c32_8 draw the figure following the example
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
0 = wrong
1 = correct
8 = can't use pen to draw the figure
9 = not able to do this (disabled)

c521_2 number of words correctly repeated
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
-1 = not applicable
9 = missing

c53a taking paper using right hand
0 = wrong
1 = correct
8 = not able to do
9 = missing

c53a_11 taking paper using right hand
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
0 = wrong
1 = correct
8 = not able to do
9 = missing

c53a_8 taking paper using right hand
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
0 = wrong
1 = correct
8 = not able to do
9 = missing

c54 was the interviewee able to answer sections b and c?
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = partially
9 = missing

c54_0 was the interviewee able to answer sections b and c?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = partially

c54_11 was the interviewee able to answer sections b and c?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = partially
9 = missing

c54_2 was the interviewee able to answer sections b and c?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
0 = wrong
1 = correct
2 = UNDOCUMENTED CODE
3 = UNDOCUMENTED CODE
8 = unable to answer

c54_5 was the interviewee able to answer sections b and c?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = partially
9 = missing

c54_8 was the interviewee able to answer sections b and c?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = partially
9 = missing

c55 what is the main reason unable to answer questions?
-1 = not applicable
1 = visually impaired, but can hear
2 = hearing impaired, but can see
3 = visually and hearing impaired
4 = paralyzed
5 = didn't wish to participate
6 = could not understand because of cognitive impairment
7 = not able to participate at the moment due to illness
8 = other reasons
9 = missing

c55_0 what is the main reason unable to answer questions?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = visually impaired, but can hear
2 = hearing impaired, but can see
3 = visually and hearing impaired
4 = paralyzed
5 = didn't wish to participate
6 = could not understand because of cognitive impairment
7 = not able to participate at the moment due to illness
8 = other reasons
9 = missing

c55_11 what is the main reason unable to answer questions?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = visually impaired, but can hear
2 = hearing impaired, but can see
3 = visually and hearing impaired
4 = paralyzed
5 = didn't wish to participate
6 = could not understand because of cognitive impairment
7 = not able to participate at the moment due to illness
8 = other reasons
9 = missing

c55_2 what is the main reason unable to answer questions?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = visually impaired, but can hear
2 = hearing impaired, but can see
3 = visually and hearing impaired
4 = paralyzed
5 = didn't wish to participate
6 = could not understand because of cognitive impairment
7 = not able to participate at the moment due to illness
8 = other reasons
9 = missing

c55_5 what is the main reason unable to answer questions?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = visually impaired, but can hear
2 = hearing impaired, but can see
3 = visually and hearing impaired
4 = paralyzed
5 = didn't wish to participate
6 = could not understand because of cognitive impairment
7 = not able to participate at the moment due to illness
8 = other reasons
9 = missing

c55_8 what is the main reason unable to answer questions?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = visually impaired, but can hear
2 = hearing impaired, but can see
3 = visually and hearing impaired
4 = paralyzed
5 = didn't wish to participate
6 = could not understand because of cognitive impairment
7 = not able to participate at the moment due to illness
8 = other reasons
9 = missing

category of residence of the interviewee in 2014
1 = urban (city and town)
2 = rural

confirm the age and copy to the 1st page
888 = don't know

continence
1 = without assistance
2 = occasional accidents
3 = incontinent
9 = missing

current health status of your spouse
1 = very good
2 = good
3 = so so
4 = bad
5 = very bad
8 = do not know
9 = missing

current status of the 1st marriage
-1 = not applicable
1 = married
2 = divorced
3 = widowed
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d0actday number of days of being bedridden in daytime is longer than non-bedridden time
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
888 = don't know
998 = more 1000 days
999 = missing

d0arthri suffering from arthritis before dying?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = don't know
9 = missing

d0b_age1 age starting to be partially dependent in bathing
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
888 = don't know
999 = missing

d0bathfa family had bathing/showering facility before the elder died
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
0 = no
1 = yes
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d0bathfu functioning of bathing before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
1 = fully independent in bathing
2 = partially independent in bathing
3 = fully dependent in bathing
9 = missing

d0bedday days of being bedridden before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
888 = don't know
998 = more than 1000 days
999 = missing

d0bedrid bedridden or nor before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
1 = no
2 = yes
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d0cargiv first caregiver before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
0 = spouse
1 = children and their spouses
2 = grandchildren and their spouses
3 = other family members
4 = friends
5 = social workers
6 = nurse
7 = no body to take care
8 = no need to take care
9 = missing

d0cause main cause of death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
1 = malignant tumor(cancer)
2 = cvd
3 = heart disease
4 = respiratory and digest disease
5 = injury and poisoned
6 = endocrine, nutritional, metabolic, immune diseases
7 = urinary and reproductive diseases
8 = dementia
9 = neurosis
10 = tuberculosis (tb)
11 = infectious disease(except tb)
12 = accident
13 = others
66 = natural death with no reported disease
88 = don't know
99 = missing

d0contfu functioning of continence before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
1 = fully independent in continence
2 = partially independent in continence
3 = fully dependent in continence
9 = missing

d0diday1 days suffering from such disease at the first time
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
887 = bedridden not all the time but without information
888 = bedridden all the time
889 = don't know
998 = more than 1000 days
999 = missing

d0disea1 name of disease suffering from at the first time
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = hypertension
2 = diabetes
3 = heart disease
4 = stroke or cvd
5 = bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia,asthma
6 = tuberculosis
7 = glaucoma, cataract
8 = prostate tumor
9 = gastric or duodenal ulcer
10 = parkinson's disease
11 = bedsore
12 = dementia
13 = psychosis
14 = neurosis
15 = arthritis
16 = others
66 = natural senescence without reporting disease
87 = bedridden not all the time but without information
88 = bedridden all the time but no disease information
89 = don't know
99 = missing

d0doctor if the deceased elder was from rural, was there a doctor in the village?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = no
2 = yes
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d0dplace place of death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
1 = home
2 = hospital
3 = institution
4 = others
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d0drkmch how much (liang) did the elder drink every day since last interview?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
88 = don't know
99 = missing

d0feedfu functioning of self-feeding before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
1 = fully independent in feeding
2 = partially independent in feeding
3 = fully dependent in feeding
9 = missing

d0financ main financial source before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
1 = retirement wage
2 = spouse
3 = children
4 = grandchildren
5 = other relatives
6 = local government or community
7 = own work
8 = others
9 = missing

d0ill number of times suffering from serious illness
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
87 = bedridden not all the time but without information
88 = bedridden all the time
99 = missing

d0income yearly per capita income of the family of the deceased elder
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
88888 = don't know
99998 = more than 100,000
99999 = missing

d0knddrk what kind of drink if the elder drank?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = very strong liquor
2 = not very strong liquor
3 = wine
4 = rice wine
5 = beer
6 = others
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d0licdoc did the village doctor have a license?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = licensed with college degree
2 = licensed without college degree
3 = unlicensed
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d0livarr primary living arrangement of the deceased elder in the last year of life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
0 = institution
1 = alone due to never married
2 = alone due to widowed or divorced
3 = with spouse only
4 = with married children and grandchildren
5 = with grandchildren only
6 = with unmarried children and offspring
7 = other relatives
8 = others
9 = missing

d0marry marital status of the deceased elder at death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
1 = married and living with spouse
2 = married but separate with spouse
3 = divorced
4 = widowed
5 = never married
9 = missing

d0medica got timely medication before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
1 = yes, all the time
2 = yes, sometimes
3 = no
4 = was not ill
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d0movefu functioning of indoor transferring before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
1 = fully independent in indoor transferring
2 = partially independent in indoor transferring
3 = fully dependent in indoor transferring
9 = missing

d0others suffering from other chronic disease before dying?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
1 = difficult to classify
2 = no
3 = don't know
4 = mental disease
5 = orthopedic disease
6 = internal medical disease
7 = dermatosis
8 = five sense diseases
9 = gynecological disease

d0outdor days the elder could not get outdoor to chat before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
888 = don't know
998 = more than 1000 days
999 = missing

d0person number of people who living with the respondent before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
88 = don't know
99 = missing

d0provid province living in at death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
11 = beijing
12 = tianjian
13 = hebei
14 = shanxi
21 = liaoning
22 = jilin
23 = helongjiang
31 = shanghai
32 = jiangsu
33 = zhejiang
34 = anhui
35 = fujian
36 = jiangxi
37 = shangdong
41 = henan
42 = hubei
43 = hunan
44 = guangdong
45 = guangxi
50 = chongqing
51 = sichuan
61 = shaanxi

d0resid place of residence at death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
1 = city
2 = town
3 = rural

d0respon who answered the questionnaire
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
1 = spouse
2 = child
3 = spouse of child
4 = grandchild and his/her spouse
5 = relative
6 = other
9 = missing

d0sex sex of the deceased elder
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
1 = male
2 = female

d0toilfu functioning of toileting before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
1 = fully independent in toileting
2 = partially independent in toileting
3 = fully dependent in toileting
9 = missing

d0unfini main reason which did not finish the interview
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable (finished)
1 = refusal
2 = others

d0vyear validated year of death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
8888 = don't know
9999 = missing

d0whopay who mainly paid the medical cost for the deceased elder?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-7 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
1 = free public medical services
2 = self
3 = spouse
4 = children living with
5 = shared by children and grandchildren
6 = grandchildren
7 = cooperative medical scheme
8 = state or collectives
9 = medical insurance
10 = no money to pay
11 = others
88 = don't know
99 = missing

d1 staple food
1 = rice
2 = corn(maize)
3 = wheat (noodles and bread etc.)
4 = other
9 = missing

d1_0 staple food
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = rice
2 = corn(maize)
3 = wheat (noodles and bread etc.)
4 = other
9 = missing

d1_11 staple food
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = rice
2 = corn(maize)
3 = wheat (noodles and bread etc.)
4 = rice and wheat
5 = other
9 = missing

d1_2 staple food
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
1 = rice
2 = corn (maize)
3 = wheat (noodles and bread, etc.)
4 = nice and wheat
5 = others

d1_5 staple food
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = rice
2 = corn(maize)
3 = wheat (noodles and bread etc.)
4 = rice and wheat
5 = other
9 = missing

d1_8 staple food
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = rice
2 = corn(maize)
3 = wheat (noodles and bread etc.)
4 = rice and wheat
5 = other
9 = missing

d101_11 have you done physical labor regularly?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d101_5 have you done physical labor regularly?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
9 = missing

d101_8 have you done physical labor regularly?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d10a do you do house work at present?
1 = almost everyday
2 = sometimes
3 = never
9 = missing

d11a_0 do you do house work at present?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = almost everyday
2 = sometimes
3 = never
9 = missing

d11a_11 do you do house work at present?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = almost everyday
2 = not daily, but once for a week
3 = not weekly, but at least once for a month
4 = not monthly, but sometimes
5 = never
9 = missing

d11a_2 do you do house work at present?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = almost everyday
2 = not daily, but once a week
3 = not weekly, but at least once a month
4 = not monthly, but sometimes
5 = never
9 = missing

d11a_5 do you do house work at present?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = almost everyday
2 = not daily, but once for a week
3 = not weekly, but at least once for a month
4 = not monthly, but sometimes
5 = never
9 = missing

d11a_8 do you do house work at present?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = almost everyday
2 = not daily, but once for a week
3 = not weekly, but at least once for a month
4 = not monthly, but sometimes
5 = never
9 = missing

d11a533 what type of dwelling was the elder's home prior to death?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = detached house
2 = duplex/triplex
3 = low rise apartment (1-3 floors)
4 = high rise apartment (>3 floors, without elevators)
5 = high rise apartment (>3 floors, with elevators)
6 = mobile home / trailer
7 = other
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11a534 what is the approximate year the elder's home was built?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
8888 = don't know
9999 = missing

d11a535 was the house damaged from broken pipes or heavy rain during the last year befor
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d11a537 which fuels were normally used for cooking prior to death?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
0 = never cooking
1 = gas: from underground pipes
2 = gas: bottled, tank, or lp
3 = electricity
4 = fuel oil, kerosene, etc
5 = coal or coke
6 = charcoal
7 = solar energy
8 = firewood or straw
9 = other

d11a53a1 relationship of 1st person living with deceased elder in last year of life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
0 = spouse
1 = child
2 = spouse of child
3 = grandchild
4 = spouse of grandchild
5 = great grandchild or spouse of great grandchild
6 = sibling
7 = parent or parent-in-law
8 = other
9 = missing

d11a53a3 sex of the 1st person living with the deceased elder
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = male
2 = female
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d11a53a4 age of the 1st person living with the deceased elder
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
888 = don't know
999 = missing

d11a53a5 education level of the 1st person living with the deceased elder
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
0 = <none>
1 = no education
2 = attend school but not graduated from primary school
3 = primary school
4 = middle school
5 = high school
6 = collage or above
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d11a53a6 # of cigarettes the 1st person usually smoke per day inside home
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
88 = don't know
99 = missing

d11actday days that the elder stayed in bed longer than be out of bed in the daytime
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
8888 = do not know
9998 = more than 10000
9999 = missing

d11advdir whether did the deceased elderly tell the family about his/her death or not?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = no
2 = yes
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11age validated age at death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors

d11arthri suffering from arthritis prior to death?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
0 = no
1 = yes
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11batday2 days lasted if bathing functioning fully disabled
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
8888 = do not know
9998 = more than 10000
9999 = missing

d11bathfa family had bath facility prior to death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
0 = no
1 = yes
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11bathfu functioning of bathing prior to death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = fully independent
2 = partially independent
3 = fully dependent
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11bedrid bedridden or not prior to death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = no
2 = yes
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11carcst total cost for full care in daily life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
88888 = do not know
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

d11cargiv primary caregiver prior to death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = spouse
2 = children/their spouses
3 = grandchildren/their spouses
4 = other family members
5 = friends
6 = social service providers
7 = nurse/maid
8 = no body
9 = do not need care

d11carpay who mainly paid the care serivces prior to death?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = medical insurance
2 = self
3 = spouse
4 = children/grandchildren
5 = state or collectives
6 = others
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11contfu functioning of continence prior to death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = able to control
2 = occasional accidents
3 = catheter was used or was incontinent
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11d21b how soon after waking up did the elder smoke first cigarette prior to death?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = within 5 minutes
2 = 6-30 minutes
3 = 31-60 minutes
4 = after 60 minutes
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11diday1 days suffering from such disease at the first time
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
8888 = do not know
9998 = more than 10000 days
9999 = missing

d11disea1 name of disease suffering from at the first time
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
0 = no
1 = hypertension
2 = diabetes
3 = heart diseases
4 = stroke, cvd
5 = bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, pneumonia
6 = pulmonary tuberculosis
7 = cancer
8 = glaucoma, cataracts
9 = prostate tumor
10 = gynecological diseases
11 = gastric or duodenal ulcer
12 = parkinson's disease
13 = bedsore
14 = dementia
15 = psychosis
16 = neuropathy
17 = arthritis
18 = other
88 = don't know
99 = missing

d11dplace place of death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = home
2 = hospital
3 = institutions
4 = others
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11dream whether did the deceased elder have dreams about the death prior to death?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = no
2 = yes
3 = not sure
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11financ main financial source prior to death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = retirement wage
2 = spouse
3 = children
4 = grandchildren
5 = other relative's
6 = state/local govenments or collectives
7 = own work
8 = others
9 = missing

d11g102 height of the deceased elder
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
888 = do not know
999 = missing

d11g1061 in which ear(s) did the elder have a hearing difficulty?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = left
2 = right
3 = both
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11g1062 at what age did the elder first notice hearing difficulty?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = since i was born
2 = during my childhood (before the age of 15)
3 = between the ages of 15 and 40
4 = after the age of 40
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11g1063 how quickly did the elder's hearing difficulty develop?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = suddenly (over a few days)
2 = over a few months
3 = over a few years
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11g23 how often did the deceased elder brush teeth every day prior to death?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
0 = do not brush
1 = occasionally
2 = once a day
3 = twice a day
4 = three or more times a day
8 = do not know
9 = not applicable (no teeth)

d11g24a on a scale of 1-10, 1 mild and 10 severe, how would you rate this pain?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
88 = do not know
99 = missing

d11g4 which hand did the deceased elder normally use for eating?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = right-handed
2 = left-handed
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d11g4a which hand did the deceased elder normally use for writing?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = right-handed
2 = left-handed
3 = never writing
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d11g4b which hand did the deceased elder normally use for brushing teeth?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = right-handed
2 = left-handed
3 = never brushing teeth
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d11gener number of generations living in the household when the elderly died
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = one generation
2 = two generations
3 = three generation household
4 = four or more gernerations
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11income yearly total income of the family of the deceased elder
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
88888 = do not know
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

d11inspen what was the monthly pension from old age insurance prior to death?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
8888 = do not know
9999 = missing

d11insur did the deceased elder have public old age insurance prior to death?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11knddrk what kind of alcohol did the elder drink?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = liquor
2 = wine
3 = rice wine
4 = others
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d11licdoc did the village doctor have a license?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = licensed with college degree
2 = licensed without college degree
3 = unlicensed
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11livarr primary living arrangement of the deceased elder in the last year of life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = nursing home
2 = never-married and alone
3 = widowed and alone
4 = with old spouse only
5 = with married child (including grandchildren)
6 = with married grandchild (not including child)
7 = with unmarried child/grandchild
8 = other relative
9 = other

d11marry marital status of the deceased elder prior to death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = married living with the spouse
2 = married but not living with the spouse
3 = divorce
4 = widowed
5 = never married
9 = missing

d11marry1 did the elder have a cohabiting partner but not officially married?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d11medica got timely medication prior to death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = was not sick
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11mon1 if yes, since which month began to live together
1 = UNDOCUMENTED CODE
2 = UNDOCUMENTED CODE

d11noinsu what's the reason that the elder did not take part in old age insurance?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = not worth
2 = not necessary
3 = cannot afford to pay
4 = not sure
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11pain whether was the deceased elderly painful prior to death?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = very painful
2 = painful
3 = so so
4 = relatively peaceful
5 = peaceful
6 = difficult to say
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d11paygov if yes, what was the annual subsidy by government for old age insurance?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
8888 = don't know
9998 = more than 10000
9999 = missing
88888 = do not know
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

d11person number of people who living with the respondent prior to death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
88 = do not know
99 = missing

d11resid category of residence of the deceased elder at the 2005 survey
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = city
2 = town
3 = rural
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11retire was the elder retired prior to death?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = retired (worker)
2 = retired (cadre)
3 = no
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d11retpen if retired, what was his/her monthly retirement pension?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
8888 = don't know
9998 = more than 10000
9999 = missing

d11whopay who mainly paid the medical cost for the deceased elder?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = free public medical services
2 = self
3 = spouse
4 = children or grandchilren
5 = cooperative medical scheme
6 = state or collectives subsidy
7 = medical insurance
8 = no money go to hospital
9 = others
88 = do not know
99 = missing

d12_2 # of traveling in the past two years
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
88 = don't know
99 = missing

d12_5 # of traveling beyond home county/city in the past two years
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
99 = missing

d14g24a on a scale of 1-10, 1 mild and 10 severe, how would you rate this pain?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
88 = do not know
99 = missing

d14vday validated year of death of the sampled person|d14vyear
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
88 = do not know
99 = missing

d14vyear validated year of death of the sampled person|d14vyear
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors

d2_0 amount of staple food per day (liang)
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
88 = don't know
99 = missing

d2_2 amount of staple food per day (liang)
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
88 = don't know
99 = missing

d2actday number of days being bedridden longer than that of activities before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
0 = activity-hour is longer than bedridden-hour in a day
888 = don't know
998 = more than 1000 days
999 = missing

d2arthri suffering from arthritis before dying?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
0 = no
1 = yes
9 = missing

d2batday days lasted if bathing functioning disabled or partially disabled
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
888 = don't know
999 = missing

d2bathfa family had bathing/showering facility before the elder died
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
0 = no
1 = yes
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d2bathfu functioning of bathing before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = fully independent in bathing
2 = partially independent in bathing
3 = fully dependent in bathing
9 = missing

d2bedday days of being bedridden before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
888 = don't know
998 = more than 1000 days
999 = missing

d2bedrid bedridden or nor before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = no
2 = yes
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d2cargiv primary caregiver before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
0 = spouse
1 = children and their spouses
2 = grandchildren and their spouses
3 = other family members
4 = friends
5 = social workers
6 = nurse
7 = no body to take care
8 = no need to take care
9 = missing

d2cause main cause of death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = malignant tumor(cancer)
2 = cvd
3 = heart disease
4 = respiratory and digest disease
5 = injury and poisoned
6 = endocrine, nutritional, metabolic, immune diseases
7 = urinary and reproductive diseases
8 = dementia
9 = neurosis
10 = tuberculosis (tb)
11 = infectious disease(except tb)
12 = accident
13 = others
14 = UNDOCUMENTED CODE
66 = natural death with no reported disease
88 = don't know
99 = missing

d2dayin day of the 2002 interview conducted
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
88 = don't know
99 = missing

d2diday1 days suffering from such disease at the first time
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
887 = bedridden not all the time but without information
888 = bedridden all the time
889 = don't know
998 = more than 1000 days
999 = missing

d2disea1 name of disease suffering from at the first time
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = hypertension
2 = diabetes
3 = heart disease
4 = stroke or cvd
5 = bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia,asthma
6 = tuberculosis
7 = glaucoma, cataract
8 = prostate tumor
9 = gastric or duodenal ulcer
10 = parkinson's disease
11 = bedsore
12 = dementia
13 = psychosis
14 = neurosis
15 = arthritis
16 = others
88 = bedridden all the time but no disease information
99 = missing

d2doctor if the deceased elder was from rural, was there a doctor in the village?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = no
2 = yes
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d2dplace place of death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = home
2 = hospital
3 = institution
4 = others
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d2drkmch how much (liang) did the elder drink every day since last interview?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
88 = don't know
99 = missing

d2financ main financial source before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = retirement wage
2 = spouse
3 = children
4 = grandchildren
5 = other relatives
6 = local government or community
7 = own work
8 = others
9 = missing

d2gener number of generations living in the household when the elderly died
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = one generation
2 = two generations
3 = three generations
4 = four and more generations
9 = missing

d2ill number of times suffering from serious illness
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
87 = bedridden not all the time but without information
88 = bedridden all the time
99 = missing

d2income yearly per capita income of the family of the deceased elder
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
88888 = don't know
99999 = missing

d2knddrk what kind of drink if the elder drank?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = very strong liquor
2 = not very strong liquor
3 = wine
4 = rice wine
5 = beer
6 = others
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d2licdoc did the village doctor have a license?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = licensed with college degree
2 = licensed without college degree
3 = unlicensed
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d2livarr primary living arrangement of the deceased elder in the last year of life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
0 = institution
1 = alone due to never married
2 = alone due to widowed or divorced
3 = with spouse only
4 = with married children and grandchildren
5 = with grandchildren only
6 = with unmarried children and offspring
7 = other relatives
8 = others
9 = missing

d2marry marital status of the deceased elder at death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = married and living with spouse
2 = married but separate with spouse
3 = divorced
4 = widowed
5 = never married
9 = missing

d2medica got timely medication before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = yes, all the time
2 = yes, sometimes
3 = no
4 = was not ill
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d2outdor days the elder could not get outdoor to chat before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
888 = don't know
998 = more than 1000 days
999 = missing

d2provin province of residence at the time of death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
11 = beijing
12 = tianjian
13 = hebei
14 = shanxi
21 = liaoning
22 = jilin
23 = helongjiang
31 = shanghai
32 = jiangsu
33 = zhejiang
34 = anhui
35 = fujian
36 = jiangxi
37 = shangdong
41 = henan
42 = hubei
43 = henan
44 = guangdong
45 = guangxi
50 = chongqing
51 = sichuan
61 = shaanxi

d2resid place of residence at death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = city
2 = town
3 = rural

d2respon who answered the questionnaire
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = spouse
2 = child
3 = spouse of child
4 = grandchild and his/her spouse
5 = relative
6 = other
9 = missing

d2sex sex of the deceased elder
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = male
2 = female

d2vage validated age at death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors

d2vyear validated year of death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors

d2whopay who mainly paid the medical cost for the deceased elder?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = free public medical services
2 = self
3 = spouse
4 = shared by children living with
5 = shared by all children and grandchildren
6 = cooperative medical scheme
7 = state or collectives subsidy
8 = medical insurance
9 = no money to pay
10 = others
88 = don't know
99 = missing

d31_0 how often eat fresh fruit?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = almost everyday
2 = except winter
3 = occasionally
4 = rarely or never
9 = missing

d31_11 how often eat fresh fruit?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = almost everyday
2 = quite often
3 = occasionally
4 = rarely or never
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d31_2 how often eat fresh fruit?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
1 = almost every day
2 = except winter
3 = occasionally
4 = rarely or never
9 = missing

d31_5 how often eat fresh fruit?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = almost everyday
2 = except winter
3 = occasionally
4 = rarely or never
9 = missing

d31_8 how often eat fresh fruit?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = almost everyday
2 = quite often
3 = occasionally
4 = rarely or never
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d32_11 how often eat vegetables?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = almost everyday
2 = except winter
3 = occasionally
4 = rarely or never
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d32_8 how often eat vegetables?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = almost everyday
2 = except winter
3 = occasionally
4 = rarely or never
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d33_11 what kind of grease do you mainly use for cooking?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = vegetable grease
2 = gingili grease
3 = lard
4 = other animal's fat
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d33_8 what kind of grease do you mainly use for cooking?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = vegetable grease
2 = gingili grease
3 = lard
4 = other animal's fat
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d34_11 main flavor you have
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = insipidity
2 = salty
3 = sweet
4 = hot
5 = crude
6 = do not have all the above tastes
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d34_8 main flavor you have
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = insipidity
2 = salty
3 = sweet
4 = hot
5 = crude
6 = do not have all the above tastes
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d4alga1_11 how often eat mushroom or algae at present
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = almost everyday
2 = not everyday, but at least once per week
3 = not every week, but at least once per month
4 = not every month, but occasionally
5 = rarely or never
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d4alga1_8 how often eat mushroom or algae at present
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = almost everyday
2 = not everyday, but at least once per week
3 = not every week, but at least once per month
4 = not every month, but occasionally
5 = rarely or never
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d4ben2_0 how often eat bean at present?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = almost everyday
2 = occasionally
3 = rarely or never
9 = missing

d4ben2_2 how often eat bean at present?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
1 = almost every day
2 = occasionally
3 = rarely or never
9 = missing

d4ben2_5 how often eat food made from bean at present?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = almost everyday
2 = occasionally
3 = rarely or never
9 = missing

d4drug1_11 how often eat medicinal plants at present
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = almost everyday
2 = not every day, but at least once per week
3 = not every week, but at least once per month
4 = not every month, but occasionally
5 = rarely or never
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d4drug1_8 how often eat medicinal plants at present
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = almost everyday
2 = not every day, but at least once per week
3 = not every week, but at least once per month
4 = not every month, but occasionally
5 = rarely or never
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d5_0 what kind of water usually drink?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = boiled water
2 = un-boiled water
9 = missing

d5_11 what kind of water usually drink?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = boiled water
2 = un-boiled water
9 = missing

d5_2 what kind of water usually drink?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
1 = boiled water
2 = unboiled water
9 = missing

d5_5 what kind of water usually drink?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = boiled water
2 = un-boiled water
9 = missing

d5_8 what kind of water usually drink?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = boiled water
2 = un-boiled water
9 = missing

d5a water you drank at childhood was from
1 = from a well
2 = from a river or lake
3 = from a spring
4 = from a pond or pool
5 = tap water
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d5actday number of days being bedridden longer than that of activities before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
9999 = missing

d5advdir whether did the deceased elderly tell the family about his/her death and related
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = no
2 = yes
9 = missing

d5batday days lasted if bathing functioning disabled or partially disabled
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
8888 = don't know
9999 = missing

d5bathfa family had bath facility before the elder died
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
0 = no
1 = yes
9 = missing

d5bathfu functioning of bathing before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = fully independent in bathing
2 = partially independent in bathing
3 = fully dependent in bathing
9 = missing

d5bedday days of being bedridden before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
8888 = do not know
9999 = missing

d5c water you drink at present is from
1 = from a well
2 = from a river or lake
3 = from a spring
4 = from a pond or pool
5 = tap water
9 = missing

d5carcst total cost for full care in daily life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
88888 = do not know
99999 = missing

d5cargiv primary caregiver before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
0 = spouse
1 = children/their spouses
2 = grandchildren/their spouses
3 = other family members
4 = friends
5 = social service providers
6 = nurse/maid
7 = no body
8 = do not need care
9 = missing

d5carpay who mainly paid the care serivces before dying?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = medical insurance
2 = self
3 = spouse
4 = children/grandchildren
5 = state or collectives
6 = others
9 = missing

d5cause main cause of death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = malignant tumor (cancer)
2 = cardiovascular disease (cvd)
3 = heart disease
4 = respiratory diseases
5 = injury or poison
6 = endocrine, nutritional, metabolic, or immune
7 = urinary or reproductive diseases
8 = dementia or psychosis
9 = neuropathy
10 = tuberculosis (tb)
11 = infectious diseases (except tb)
12 = accident
13 = digestive disease
14 = other
88 = do not know
99 = missing

d5contfu functioning of continence before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = fully independent in continence
2 = partially independent in continence
3 = fully dependent in continence
9 = missing

d5dayin day of the interivew conducted in 2005
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
99 = missing

d5diday1 days suffering from such disease at the first time
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
9999 = missing

d5dirday if yes, how many days did she/he tell the family before her/his death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
999 = missing

d5disea1 name of disease suffering from at the first time
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = hypertension
2 = diabetes
3 = heart diseases
4 = stroke, cvd
5 = bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, pneumonia
6 = pulmonary tuberculosis
7 = cancer
8 = cataract or glaucoma
9 = prostate tumor
10 = gynecological disease
11 = gastric or duodenal ulcer
12 = parkinson's disease
13 = bedsore
14 = dementia
15 = psychosis
16 = neurosis
17 = arthritis
18 = other
88 = don't know
99 = missing

d5doctor if the deceased elder lived in rural, was there a doctor in the village?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = no
2 = yes
9 = missing

d5dplace place of death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = home
2 = hospital
3 = institutions
4 = others
9 = missing

d5dream whether did the deceased elderly have some dreams about the death before dying?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = no
2 = yes
3 = do not know
9 = missing

d5dresfu functioning of dressing before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = fully independent in dressing
2 = partially independent in dressing
3 = fully dependent in dressing
9 = missing

d5drkmch how much (liang) did the elder drink every day since last interview?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
99 = missing

d5feedfu functioning of self-feeding before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = fully independent in eating
2 = partially independent in eating
3 = fully dependent in eating
9 = missing

d5financ main financial source before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = retirement wage
2 = spouse
3 = children
4 = grandchildren
5 = other relative's
6 = state/local govenments or collectives
7 = own work
8 = others
9 = missing

d5gener number of generations living in the household when the elderly died
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = one generation
2 = two generations
3 = three generation household
4 = four or more gernerations
9 = missing

d5ill number of times suffering from serious illness
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
88 = do not know
99 = missing

d5income yearly per capita income of the family of the deceased elder
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
99999 = missing

d5knddrk what kind of drink if the elder drank?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = liquor
2 = wine
3 = rice wine
4 = others
9 = missing

d5licdoc did the village doctor have a license?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = licensed with college degree
2 = licensed without college degree
3 = unlicensed
9 = missing

d5livarr primary living arrangement of the deceased elder in the last year of life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
0 = institution
1 = alone due to never married
2 = alone due to widowed or divorced
3 = with spouse only
4 = with married children and grandchildren
5 = with grandchildren only
6 = with unmarried children and offspring
7 = other relatives
8 = others
9 = missing

d5marry marital status of the deceased elder at death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = married living with the spouse
2 = married but not living with the spouse
3 = divorce
4 = widowed
5 = never married
9 = missing

d5medica got timely medication before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = was not sick
9 = missing

d5movefu functioning of indoor transferring before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = fully independent in indoor transferring
2 = partially independent in indoor transferring
3 = fully dependent in indoor transferring
9 = missing

d5pain whether was the deceased elderly painful before dying?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = very painful
2 = painful
3 = so so
4 = relatively peaceful
5 = peaceful
6 = difficult to say
9 = missing

d5resid place of residence at death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = city
2 = town
3 = rural

d5respon who asnwered the questionnaire
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
0 = parent
1 = spouse
2 = child
3 = spouse of a child
4 = grandchild or spouse of a grandchild
5 = relative
6 = neighbor
7 = social worker
8 = other
9 = missing

d5sex sex of the deceased person
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = male
2 = female

d5toilfu functioning of toileting before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = fully independent in toileting
2 = partially independent in toileting
3 = fully dependent in toileting
9 = missing

d5whopay who mainly paid the medical cost for the deceased elder?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = free public medical services
2 = self
3 = spouse
4 = children or grandchilren
5 = cooperative medical scheme
6 = state or collectives subsidy
7 = medical insurance
8 = no money go to hospital
9 = others
88 = do not know
99 = missing

D62: d62 'smoked or not in the past?
0 = No
1 = yes

d6a_11 main source of water drank during childhood
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = from a well
2 = from a river or lake
3 = from a spring
4 = from a pond or pool
5 = tap water
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d6a_8 main source of water drank during childhood
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = from a well
2 = from a river or lake
3 = from a spring
4 = from a pond or pool
5 = tap water
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d6c_0 water you drink at present is from
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = from a well
2 = from a river or lake
3 = from a spring
4 = from a pond or pool
5 = tap water
9 = missing

d6c_2 water you drink at present is from
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
1 = from a well
2 = from a river or lake
3 = from a spring
4 = from a pond or pool
5 = tap water (including purified water)
9 = missing

d6c_5 water you drink at present is mainly from
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = from a well
2 = from a river or lake
3 = from a spring
4 = from a pond or pool
5 = tap water
9 = missing

d71_0 smoke or not at present?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
9 = missing

d71_11 smoke or not at present?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = yes
2 = no
9 = missing

d71_2 smoke or not at present?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
1 = yes
2 = no
9 = missing

d71_8 smoke or not at present?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
9 = missing

d710a_11 if yes, for how many hours per day?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
88 = do not know
99 = missing

d710a_14 if yes, for how many hours per day?
-1 = not applicable
88 = do not know
99 = missing

d75 what kind of drink if drink (drank)?
-1 = not applicable
1 = very strong liquor
2 = wine
3 = rice wine
9 = missing

d75_5 times smoke (or smoked) per day
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
88 = don't know
99 = missing

d75_8 number of times smoke (or smoked) per day
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
88 = don't know
99 = missing

d76_11 how soon after you wake up do you smoke your first cigarette?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = within 5 minutes
2 = 6-30 minutes
3 = 31-60 minutes
4 = after 60 minutes
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d77_11 what do you think about your chances of being diagnosed with lung cancer?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = at much less risk
2 = at less risk
3 = at the same risk
4 = at higher risk
5 = at much higher risk
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d85_0 what kind of drink if drink (drank)?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = very strong liquor
2 = not very strong liquor
3 = wine
4 = rice wine
5 = beer
6 = others
9 = missing

d85_11 what kind of alcohol you drink (drank) ?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = very strong liquor
2 = not very strong liquor
3 = wine
4 = rice wine
5 = beer
6 = others
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d85_2 what kind of drink if drink (drank)?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
1 = very strong liquor
2 = not very strong liquor
3 = wine
4 = rice wine
5 = beer
6 = others
9 = missing

d85_5 what kind of drink if drink (drank)?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = very strong liquor
2 = not very strong liquor
3 = wine
4 = rice wine
5 = beer
6 = others
9 = missing

d85_8 kind of alcohol you drink (drank) ?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = very strong liquor
2 = not very strong liquor
3 = wine
4 = rice wine
5 = beer
6 = others
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d8actday number of days being bedridden longer than that of activities before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
8888 = do not know
9998 = more than 10000
9999 = missing

d8advdir whether did the deceased elderly tell the family about his/her death and related
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = no
2 = yes
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d8arthri suffering from arthritis before dying?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
0 = no
1 = yes
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d8bathfa family had bath facility before the elder died
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
0 = no
1 = yes
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d8bathfu functioning of bathing before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = fully independent
2 = partially independent
3 = fully dependent
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d8bedday days of being bedridden before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
8888 = do not know
9999 = missing

d8bedrid bedridden or not before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = no
2 = yes
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d8carcst total cost for full care in daily life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
88888 = do not know
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

d8cargiv primary caregiver before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
0 = spouse
1 = children/their spouses
2 = grandchildren/their spouses
3 = other family members
4 = friends
5 = social service providers
6 = nurse/maid
7 = no body
8 = do not need care
9 = missing

d8carpay who mainly paid the care serivces before dying?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = medical insurance
2 = self
3 = spouse
4 = children/grandchildren
5 = state or collectives
6 = others
9 = <none>
88 = don't know
99 = missing

d8contfu functioning of continence before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = able to control
2 = occasional accidents
3 = catheter was used or was incontinent
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d8diday1 days suffering from such disease at the first time
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
8888 = do not know
9998 = more than 10000 days
9999 = missing

d8dirday if yes, how many days did she/he tell the family before her/his death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
8888 = don't know
9999 = missing

d8disea1 name of disease suffering from at the first time
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
0 = no
1 = hypertension
2 = diabetes
3 = heart diseases
4 = stroke, cvd
5 = bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, pneumonia
6 = pulmonary tuberculosis
7 = cancer
8 = glaucoma, cataracts
9 = prostate tumor
10 = gynecological diseases
11 = gastric or duodenal ulcer
12 = parkinson's disease
13 = bedsore
14 = dementia
15 = psychosis
16 = neuropathy
17 = arthritis
18 = other
88 = don't know
99 = missing

d8dplace place of death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = home
2 = hospital
3 = institutions
4 = others
9 = missing

d8dream whether did the deceased elderly have some dreams about the death before dying?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = no
2 = yes
3 = do not know
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d8drkmch how much (liang) did the elder drink every day since last interview?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
88 = don't know
99 = missing

d8financ main financial source before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = retirement wage
2 = spouse
3 = children
4 = grandchildren
5 = other relative's
6 = state/local govenments or collectives
7 = own work
8 = others
9 = missing

d8gener number of generations living in the household when the elderly died
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = one generation
2 = two generations
3 = three generation household
4 = four or more gernerations
9 = missing

d8ill number of times suffering from serious illness
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
88 = do not know
99 = missing

d8income yearly per capita income of the family of the deceased elder
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
88888 = don't know
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

d8knddrk what kind of drink if the elder drank?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = very strong liquor
2 = not very strong liquor
3 = wine
4 = rice wine
5 = beer
6 = others
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d8licdoc did the village doctor have a license?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = licensed with college degree
2 = licensed without college degree
3 = unlicensed
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d8livarr primary living arrangement of the deceased elder in the last year of life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
0 = institution
1 = alone due to never married
2 = alone due to widowed or divorced
3 = with spouse only
4 = with married children and/or grandchildren
5 = with grandchildren only
6 = with unmarried children and/or offspring
7 = other relatives
8 = others
9 = missing

d8marry marital status of the deceased elder at death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = married living with the spouse
2 = married but not living with the spouse
3 = divorce
4 = widowed
5 = never married
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d8medica got timely medication before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = was not sick
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d8pain whether was the deceased elderly painful before dying?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = very painful
2 = painful
3 = so so
4 = relatively peaceful
5 = peaceful
6 = difficult to say
8 = don't know
9 = missing

d8person number of people who living with the respondent before dying
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
88 = don't know
99 = missing

d8resid category of residence of the deceased elder at the 2005 survey
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = city
2 = town
3 = rural
8 = do not know
9 = missing

d8sex sex of the deceased person
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
1 = male
2 = female

d8uncday if yes, how many days lasted before death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
8888 = don't know
9999 = missing

d8vday validated day of death of the sampled person
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
88 = do not know
99 = missing

d8whopay who mainly paid the medical cost for the deceased elder?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = the deceased persons only, not applicable to survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = free public medical services
2 = self
3 = spouse
4 = children or grandchilren
5 = cooperative medical scheme
6 = state or collectives subsidy
7 = medical insurance
8 = no money go to hospital
9 = others
88 = do not know
99 = missing

date98 day of the interview of the 1998 survey
99 = missing since these respondents were not interviewed in 2000

day_0 day of the interview in 2000
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons

day_2 day of the interview in 2002
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
99 = missing

day_5 day of the 2005 interview
-9 = lost to follow-up at the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons

day_8 day of the 2008 interview
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
99 = missing

dayin_11 day of the 2011/2012 interview
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
99 = missing

days that the elder could not get outdoor to chat with others prior to death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
8888 = do not know
9998 = more than 10000
9999 = missing

did interviewee able to participate in physical check?
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = partially able to
9 = missing

did the deceased elder drink since the last interview?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = no
2 = yes
8 = do not know
9 = missing

did the elder fall to ground in the last year prior to death?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = don't know
9 = missing

did the elder have a cohabiting partner but not officially married?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = don't know
9 = missing

did the house frequently have a mildew odor or musty smell prior to death?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = don't know
9 = missing

did the village doctor have a license?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = licensed with college degree
2 = licensed without college degree
3 = unlicensed
8 = do not know
9 = missing

did you experience the event of divorcement after 2008 survey?
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = do not know
9 = missing

directly measured height of the interviewee
888 = don't know
999 = missing

do you do garden work
1 = almost everyday
2 = not daily, but once for a week
3 = not weekly, but at least once for a month
4 = not monthly, but sometimes
5 = never
8 = do not know
9 = missing

do you do house work at present?
1 = almost everyday
2 = not daily, but once for a week
3 = not weekly, but at least once for a month
4 = not monthly, but sometimes
5 = never
9 = missing

do you expect your community provide legal aid services?
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

do you feel any change of your health since last year
1 = much better
2 = a little better
3 = no change
4 = a little worse
5 = much worse
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

do you have a retirement pension?
-1 = not applicable
1 = retired (worker)
2 = retired (cadre)
3 = no
8 = do not know
9 = missing

do you have collective medical insurance for urban residents at present
0 = no
1 = yes
8 = do not know
9 = missing

does the help received for the six above tasks meet his/her needs?
-1 = not applicable
1 = full meet
2 = so so
3 = unable to meet
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

does your spouse have a paid job at present?
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes full time
2 = yes part time
3 = no
8 = do not know
9 = missing

dressing
1 = without assistance
2 = need assistance for trying shoes
3 = assistance in getting clothes and getting dressed
9 = missing

dth00_02 status of survival, death, or lost to follow-up from 2000 to 2002 waves
-9 = lost to follow-up at the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
0 = surviving at the 2002 survey
1 = died before the 2002 survey

dth02_05 status of survival, death, or lost to follow-up from the 2002 to 2005 waves
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
0 = surviving at the 2005 survey
1 = died before the 2005 survey

dth05_08 status of survival, death, or lost to follow-up from the 2005 to 2008 waves
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
0 = surviving at the 2008 survey
1 = died before the 2008 survey

dth08_11 status of survival, death, or lost to follow-up from 2008 to 2011 waves
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011/2012 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
0 = surviving at the 2011/2012 survey
1 = died before the 2011/2012 survey
2 = surviving at 2011 survey but died before 2012 survey

dth98_00 status of survival, death, or lost to follow-up from 1998 to 2000 waves
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
0 = still alive at 2000 survey
1 = died before 2000 survey

e0_11 for the last 6 months, were you limited in activities because of health problem?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = yes, strongly limited
2 = yes, limited
3 = not limited
8 = do not know
9 = missing

e1_0 bathing
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = without assistance
2 = one part assistance
3 = more than one part assistance
9 = missing

e1_11 bathing
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = without assistance
2 = one part assistance
3 = more than one part assistance
9 = missing

e1_2 bathing
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = without assistance
2 = one part assistance
3 = more than one part assistance
9 = missing

e1_5 bathing
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = without assistance
2 = one part assistance
3 = more than one part assistance
9 = missing

e1_8 bathing
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = without assistance
2 = one part assistance
3 = more than one part assistance
9 = missing

e10_11 able to wash clothes by yourself?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = yes
2 = a little difficult
3 = unable to do so
9 = missing

e10_2 able to wash clothes by yourself?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = yes, independently
2 = yes, but need some help
3 = no, can't
9 = missing

e10_5 able to wash clothes by yourself?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = a little difficult
3 = unable to do so
9 = missing

e10_8 able to wash clothes by yourself?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = a little difficult
3 = unable to do so
9 = missing

e1a_2 if needed, who helped you?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = spouse
2 = son
3 = spouse of son
4 = daughter
5 = spouse of daughter
6 = son and daughter together
7 = grandchildren
8 = other family members
9 = social services
10 = matron
11 = none
99 = missing

e1b_11 # of days needing assistance in bathing
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
8888 = not able to answer
9998 = more than 100000 days
9999 = missing

e1b_5 # of days needing assistance in bathing
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
8888 = do not know
9999 = missing

e1b_8 # of days needing assistance in bathing
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
8888 = not able to answer
9998 = more than 100000 days
9999 = missing

e2_0 dressing
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = without assistance
2 = need assistance for trying shoes
3 = assistance in getting clothes and getting dressed
9 = missing

e2_11 dressing
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = without assistance
2 = need assistance for trying shoes
3 = assistance in getting clothes and getting dressed
9 = missing

e2_5 dressing
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = without assistance
2 = need assistance for trying shoes
3 = assistance in getting clothes and getting dressed
9 = missing

e2_8 dressing
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = without assistance
2 = need assistance for trying shoes
3 = assistance in getting clothes and getting dressed
9 = missing

e3 toileting
1 = without assistance
2 = assistance in cleaning or arranging clothes
3 = don't use toilet
9 = missing

e3_0 toileting
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = without assistance
2 = assistance in cleaning or arranging clothes
3 = don't use toilet
9 = missing

e3_11 toileting
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = without assistance
2 = assistance in cleaning or arranging clothes
3 = don't use toilet
9 = missing

e3_5 toileting
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = without assistance
2 = assistance in cleaning or arranging clothes
3 = don't use toilet
9 = missing

e3_8 toileting
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = without assistance
2 = assistance in cleaning or arranging clothes
3 = don't use toilet
9 = missing

e4 transferring
1 = without assistance
2 = with assistance
3 = bedridden
9 = missing

e4_0 transferring
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = without assistance
2 = with assistance
3 = bedridden
9 = missing

e4_11 indoor transferring
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = without assistance
2 = with assistance
3 = bedridden
9 = missing

e4_5 indoor transferring
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = without assistance
2 = with assistance
3 = bedridden
9 = missing

e4_8 indoor transferring
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = without assistance
2 = with assistance
3 = bedridden
9 = missing

e5_0 continence
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = without assistance
2 = occasional accidents
3 = incontinent
9 = missing

e5_11 continence
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = without assistance
2 = occasional accidents
3 = incontinent
9 = missing

e5_5 continence
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = without assistance
2 = occasional accidents
3 = incontinent
9 = missing

e5_8 continence
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = without assistance
2 = occasional accidents
3 = incontinent
9 = missing

e6 feeding
1 = without assistance
2 = with some help
3 = need feeding
9 = missing

e6_0 feeding
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = without assistance
2 = with some help
3 = need feeding
9 = missing

e6_11 feeding
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = without assistance
2 = with some help
3 = need feeding
9 = missing

e6_5 feeding
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = without assistance
2 = with some help
3 = need feeding
9 = missing

e6_8 feeding
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = without assistance
2 = with some help
3 = need feeding
9 = missing

e610_11 primary caregiver when the elder need assistance in above six tasks
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = spouse
2 = son
3 = daughter-in-law
4 = daughter
5 = son-in-law
6 = son and daughter
7 = grandchild(ren)
8 = other relative(s)
9 = neighbors
10 = social services
11 = housekeeper
12 = nobody
88 = not able to answer
99 = missing

e610_5 primary caregiver when the elder needs assistance in above six tasks
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = spouse
2 = son
3 = daughter-in-law
4 = daughter
5 = son-in-law
6 = son and daughter
7 = grandchild(ren)
8 = other relative(s)
9 = neighbors
10 = social services
11 = housekeeper
12 = nobody
88 = do not know
99 = missing

e610_8 primary caregiver when the elder need assistance in above six tasks
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = spouse
2 = son
3 = daughter-in-law
4 = daughter
5 = son-in-law
6 = son and daughter
7 = grandchild(ren)
8 = other relative(s)
9 = neighbors
10 = social services
11 = housekeeper
12 = nobody
88 = not able to answer
99 = missing

e62_11 the willingness of the primary caregiver when providing such care
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = willing to do
2 = without patience
3 = need respite care
4 = unwilling to do
8 = don't know
9 = missing

e62_5 willingness of the primary caregiver when he/she provided such cares
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = willing to do
2 = without patience
3 = need respite care
4 = unwilling to do
5 = don't know
9 = missing

e62_8 the willingness of the primary caregiver when providing such care
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = willing to do
2 = without patience
3 = need respite care
4 = unwilling to do
8 = don't know
9 = missing

e63_11 the total direct cost paid for caregiving last week
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
88888 = not able to answer
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

e63_5 total direct cost paid for caregiving last week
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
88888 = do not know
99999 = missing

e63_8 the total direct cost paid for caregiving last week
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
88888 = not able to answer
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

e64_11 who mainly pays the above cost?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = self
2 = spouse
3 = children and their spouses
4 = grandchildren and their spouses
5 = public and collectives
6 = others
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

e64_5 who mainly pay for the cost?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = self
2 = spouse
3 = children and their spouses
4 = grandchildren and their spouses
5 = public and collectives
6 = others
8 = do not know
9 = missing

e64_8 who mainly pays the above cost?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = self
2 = spouse
3 = children and their spouses
4 = grandchildren and their spouses
5 = public and collectives
6 = others
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

e65_11 does the help received for the six above tasks meet his/her needs?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = full meet
2 = so so
3 = unable to meet
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

e65_5 does the elderly think that helps in six tasks he/she received could meet his/he
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = full meet
2 = so so
3 = unable to meet
8 = do not know
9 = missing

e65_8 does the help received for the six above tasks meet his/her needs?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = full meet
2 = so so
3 = unable to meet
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

e66_5 how many children, grandchildren and their spouses helped the elder in above six
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
88 = do not know
99 = missing

e67_11 how many hours did the (grand)children help the elder last week?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
888 = not able to answer
999 = missing

e67_5 how many hours did the (grand)children and their spouses help the elder last wee
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
888 = do not know
999 = missing

e67_8 how many hours did the (grand)children help the elder last week?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
888 = not able to answer
999 = missing

e6b_11 # of days needing assistance in feeding
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
8888 = not able to answer
9998 = more than 10000 days
9999 = missing

e6b_8 # of days needing assistance in feeding
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
8888 = not able to answer
9998 = more than 10000 days
9999 = missing

f101a1 sex of child living separately
-1 = not applicable
1 = male
2 = female
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f101a4 frequent visits
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
9 = missing

f101a5 residence distance
-1 = not applicable
1 = same village
2 = same town/district
3 = same county/city
4 = county/city near by
5 = elsewhere
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f1030_11 number of sons alive at present
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
88 = do not know
99 = missing

f1030b1_11 age of the oldest son alive at present
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
888 = do not know
999 = missing

f1032_11 do children who live in same village but not in coresidence frequently visit you
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = no child who is not in corsidence with me but live in the sa
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

f1033_11 do your children who live in other village/district/city frequently visit you?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = no child who live in other village/district/city
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

f103a1_5 sex of the child
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = male
2 = female
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f103a2_11 the 1st child alive or not
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = unknown
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f103a2_5 child alive or not
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = do not know
9 = missing

f103a2_8 the 1st child alive or not
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = unknown
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f103a4_11 frequent visits of the 1st child
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f103a4_8 frequent visits of the 1st child
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f103a5_11 residence distance of the 1st child
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
0 = co-residence
1 = same village
2 = same town/district
3 = same county/city
4 = county/city near by
5 = elsewhere
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f103a5_5 residence distance
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
0 = co-reside with the sampled elder
1 = same village
2 = same town/district
3 = same county/city
4 = county/city near by
5 = elsewhere
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f103a5_8 residence distance of the 1st child
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
0 = co-residence
1 = same village
2 = same town/district
3 = same county/city
4 = county/city near by
5 = elsewhere
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f103a6_5 birth order of the child
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
0 = UNDOCUMENTED CODE
88 = don't know
99 = missing

f104_2 if your 1st child died, what would his/her age be at present if she/he were aliv
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
888 = don't know
999 = missing

f111_2 to whom do you usually talk most frequently in daily life?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
0 = spouse
1 = sons and daughters-in-law
2 = daughters and sons-in-law
3 = sons and daughters
4 = grandchildren and their spouse
5 = relatives
6 = friends/neighbors
7 = social workers
8 = matrons
9 = nobody
99 = missing

f111a_11 the first person to whom you usually talk frequently in daily life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
0 = spouse
1 = son
2 = daughter
3 = daughter-in-law
4 = son-in-law
5 = grandchildren and their spouses
6 = other relatives
7 = friends/neighbors
8 = social workers
9 = housekeeper
10 = nobody
88 = not able to answer
99 = missing

f111a_5 the first person to whom you usurally talk frequently in daily life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
0 = spouse
1 = son
2 = daughter
3 = daughter-in-law
4 = son-in-law
5 = grandchildren and their spouses
6 = other relatives
7 = friends/neighbors
8 = social workers
9 = housekeeper
10 = nobody
88 = do not know
99 = missing

f111a_8 the first person to whom you usually talk frequently in daily life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
0 = spouse
1 = son
2 = daughter
3 = daughter-in-law
4 = son-in-law
5 = grandchildren and their spouses
6 = other relatives
7 = friends/neighbors
8 = social workers
9 = housekeeper
10 = nobody
88 = not able to answer
99 = missing

f12a_11 how much did you receive from your son(s) or daughter(s)-in-law last year?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
88888 = don't know
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

f12a_2 how much did you receive from your son(s) or daughter(s)-in-law last year?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
0 = spouse
99999 = missing

f12a_5 how much did you receive from your son(s) or daughter(s)-in-law last year?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
88888 = don't know
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

f12a_8 how much did you receive from your son(s) or daughter(s)-in-law last year?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
88888 = don't know
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

f141_5 is personal care service available in your community?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f151_8 do you expect your community to provide personal care services?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

f16_11 what kind of living arrangement do you like best?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = living alone regardless residential distance with children
2 = living alone (or with spouse) and children living nearby
3 = coresidence with children
4 = institutions
5 = don't know
9 = missing

f16_5 what kind of living arrangement do you like best?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = living alone regardless residential distance with children
2 = living alone (/with spouse)and children living nearby
3 = coresidence with children
4 = institutions
5 = don't know
9 = missing

f16_8 what kind of living arrangement do you like best?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = living alone regardless residential distance with children
2 = living alone (or with spouse) and children living nearby
3 = coresidence with children
4 = institutions
5 = don't know
9 = missing

f2_8 main occupation before age 60
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
0 = professional and technical personnel
1 = governmental, institutional or managerial personnel
2 = commercial, service or industrial worker
3 = self-employed
4 = agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry or fishery worker
5 = houseworker
6 = military personnel
7 = never worked
8 = others
9 = missing

f21_11 do you have a retirement pension?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = retired (worker)
2 = retired (cadre)
3 = no
9 = missing

f21_2 do you have pension?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
9 = missing

f21_8 do you have a pension?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = retired (worker)
2 = retired (cadre)
3 = no
9 = missing

f211_2 did you retire?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
9 = missing

f211_5 did you retire?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = yes, retired as a normally retiree
2 = yes, retired as a high officer
3 = no
9 = missing

f22_2 which year did you retire?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = 8888 "don't know" 9999 "missing"

f221_11 if retired, what is your monthly retirement pension?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
88888 = do not know
99999 = missing

f23_11 are you still engaged in paid jobs after retirement?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
9 = missing

f23_8 are you still engaged in paid jobs now?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
9 = missing

f251_11 what is the annual payment by individual if taking part in old age insurance?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
88888 = do not know
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

f25b1_11 which year did you take part in public old age insurance?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
8888 = do not know
9999 = missing

f27_11 what's the reason that you did not take part in old age insurance?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = not worth
2 = not necessary
3 = cannot afford to the payment
8 = do not know
9 = missing

f31 main source of financial support
1 = retirement wage
2 = spouse
3 = children
4 = grandchildren
5 = other relatives
6 = local government or community
7 = own work
8 = others
9 = missing

f31_0 main source of financial support
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = retirement wage
2 = spouse
3 = children
4 = grandchildren
5 = other relatives
6 = local government or community
7 = own work
8 = others
9 = missing

f31_11 main source of financial support
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = retirement wages
2 = spouse
3 = child(ren)
4 = grandchild(ren)
5 = other relative(s)
6 = local government or community
7 = work by self
8 = others
9 = no other means
99 = missing

f31_2 main financial source
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = retirement wages
2 = spouse
3 = child(ren)
4 = grandchild(ren
5 = relative(s)
6 = local government or community
7 = work
8 = others
9 = missing

f31_5 main source of financial support
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = retirement wages
2 = spouse
3 = child(ren)
4 = grandchild(ren)
5 = other relative(s)
6 = local government or community
7 = work by self
8 = others
9 = no other means
99 = missing

f31_8 main source of financial support
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = retirement wages
2 = spouse
3 = child(ren)
4 = grandchild(ren)
5 = other relative(s)
6 = local government or community
7 = work by self
8 = others
9 = no other means
99 = missing

f32_0 could main financial support maintain your daily cost?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = so so
8 = don't know

f33_0 other sources of financial support
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
0 = no other source
99999 = missing

f34_0 could all financial support maintain your daily cost?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = so so
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f34_11 how do you rate your economic status compared with other local people?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = very rich
2 = rich
3 = so so
4 = poor
5 = very poor
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f34_2 how about your life compared with other local people?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = very rich
2 = rich
3 = so so
4 = poor
5 = very poor
8 = didn't answer
9 = missing

f34_5 how do you rate your economic status compared with other local people?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = very rich
2 = rich
3 = so so
4 = poor
5 = very poor
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f34_8 how do you rate your economic status compared with other local people?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = very rich
2 = rich
3 = so so
4 = poor
5 = very poor
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f340_11 your power in decision-making on financial spending in the household
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
0 = make decisions on some of the main spending in my household
1 = make decisions on almost all spending in my household
2 = make decisions on some of the non-main spending in my househ
3 = make decisions only on own spending
4 = cannot make decisons on any spending
5 = don't know
9 = missing

f340_5 your power in decision-making on financial spending in the household
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = make decisions on almost all spending in household
2 = make decisions on own and small other spending in household
3 = make decisions on almost all spending in household
4 = can't make decisions on any spending
5 = don't know
9 = missing

f340_8 your power in decision-making on financial spending in the household
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
0 = make decisions on some of the main spending in my household
1 = make decisions on almost all spending in my household
2 = make decisions on some of the non-main spending in my househ
3 = make decisions only on own spending
4 = cannot make decisons on any spending
5 = don't know
9 = missing

f35_2 what's your family per capital income last year?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
99999 = missing

f35_5 income per capita of your household last year
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

f35_8 total income of your household last year
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

f41_0 current marital status
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = currently married and living with spouse
2 = separated
3 = divorced
4 = widowed
5 = never married
9 = missing

f41_11 current marital status
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = currently married and living with spouse
2 = separated
3 = divorced
4 = widowed
5 = never married
9 = missing

f41_2 current marital status
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = currently married and living with spouse
2 = separated
3 = divorced
4 = widowed
5 = never married
9 = missing

f41_5 current marital status
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = currently married and living with spouse
2 = separated
3 = divorced
4 = widowed
5 = never married
9 = missing

f41_8 current marital status
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = currently married and living with spouse
2 = separated
3 = divorced
4 = widowed
5 = never married
9 = missing

f43a2 current status of the 1st marriage
-1 = not applicable
1 = married
2 = divorced
3 = widowed
4 = UNDOCUMENTED CODE
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f43a2_11 current status of the 1st marriage
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = married
2 = divorced
3 = widowed
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f43a2_5 current status of the 1st marriage
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = married
2 = divorced
3 = widowed
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f43a2_8 current status of the 1st marriage
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = married
2 = divorced
3 = widowed
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f43a4 quality of the 1st marriage
-1 = not applicable
1 = good
2 = so so
3 = bad
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f43a4_11 quality of the 1st marriage
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = good
2 = so so
3 = bad
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f43a4_5 quality of the 1st marriage
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = good
2 = so so
3 = bad
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f43a4_8 quality of the 1st marriage
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = good
2 = so so
3 = bad
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f45 main occupation of the latest spouse before age 60
-1 = not applicable
0 = professional and technical personnel
1 = governmental, institutional or managerial personnel
2 = agriculture, forest, animal husbandry
3 = fishery worker
4 = industrial worker
5 = commercial or service worker
6 = military personnel
7 = housework
8 = others
9 = missing

f45_11 main occupation of the latest spouse before age 60
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
0 = professional and technical personnel
1 = governmental, institutional or managerial personnel
2 = commercial, service or industrial worker
3 = professional
4 = agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry or fishery worker
5 = housework
6 = military personnel
7 = never worked
8 = others
9 = missing

f45_2 main occupation of the latest spouse before age 60
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
0 = professional or technical personnel
1 = governmental, institutional or managerial personnel
2 = staff/service workers/ industrial workers
3 = self-employer
4 = agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery personnel
5 = housework
6 = military personnel
7 = unemployed
8 = others
9 = missing

f45_5 main occupation of the latest spouse before age 60
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
0 = professional and technical personnel
1 = governmental, institutional or managerial personnel
2 = commercial, service or industrial worker
3 = self-employed
4 = agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry or fishery worker
5 = houseworker
6 = military personnel
7 = never worked
8 = others
9 = missing

f45_8 main occupation of the latest spouse before age 60
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
0 = professional and technical personnel
1 = governmental, institutional or managerial personnel
2 = commercial, service or industrial worker
3 = professional
4 = agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry or fishery worker
5 = housework
6 = military personnel
7 = never worked
8 = others
9 = missing

f46_11 does your spouse have a paid job at present?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes full time
2 = yes part time
3 = no
9 = missing

f46_5 dose your spouse has paid job at present?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes full time
2 = yes part time
3 = no
9 = missing

f46_8 does your spouse have a paid job at present?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes full time
2 = yes part time
3 = no
9 = missing

f47_11 current health status of your spouse
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = very good
2 = good
3 = so so
4 = bad
5 = very bad
9 = missing

f47_8 current health status of your spouse
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = very good
2 = good
3 = so so
4 = bad
5 = very bad
9 = missing

f5 who take care of you when you are sick?
1 = spouse
2 = children, grandchild and their spouses
3 = other family members
4 = friends
5 = social services
6 = caregiver
7 = nobody
9 = missing

f5_0 who take care of you when you are sick?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = spouse
2 = children and their spouses
3 = grandchild and their spouses
4 = other family members
5 = friends
6 = social services
7 = caregiver
8 = nobody
9 = missing

f5_11 who take care of you when you are sick?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = spouse
2 = son
3 = daughter-in-law
4 = daughter
5 = son-in-law
6 = son and daughter
7 = grandchildren
8 = other relatives
9 = friends and neighbors
10 = social services
11 = live-in care giver
12 = nobody
88 = don't know
99 = missing

f5_2 who take care of you when you are sick?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
0 = UNDOCUMENTED CODE
1 = spouse
2 = sons and their spouses
3 = daughters and their spouses
4 = grandchildren and their spouses
5 = relatives
6 = friends/neighbors
7 = social services
8 = matron
9 = nobody
99 = missing

f5_5 who take care of you when you are sick?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = spouse
2 = son
3 = daughter-in-law
4 = daughter
5 = son-in-law
6 = son and daughter
7 = grandchildren
8 = other relatives
9 = friends and neighbors
10 = social services
11 = live-in care giver
12 = nobody
99 = missing

f5_8 who take care of you when you are sick?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = spouse
2 = son
3 = daughter-in-law
4 = daughter
5 = son-in-law
6 = son and daughter
7 = grandchildren
8 = other relatives
9 = friends and neighbors
10 = social services
11 = live-in care giver
12 = nobody
88 = don't know
99 = missing

f61_0 get adequate medical service at present
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = not sick recently
9 = missing

f610_11 main reason not to visit doctor when necessary
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable (not sick)
1 = no money
2 = far from hospital
3 = inconvenience to travel
4 = nobody to go with
5 = didn't want to go
6 = other
9 = missing

f610_5 main reason not visit doctor when necessary
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable (not sick)
1 = no money
2 = far from hospital
3 = inconvenience in movement
4 = nobody to go with
5 = didn't want to go
6 = other
9 = missing

f610_8 main reason not to visit doctor when necessary
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable (not sick)
1 = no money
2 = far from hospital
3 = inconvenience to travel
4 = nobody to go with
5 = didn't want to go
6 = other
9 = missing

f62 got adequate medical service at around age 80
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = not sick at that time
9 = missing

f62_11 got adequate medical treatment at around age 60
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = didn't answer
9 = missing

f62_8 got adequate medical treatment at around age 60
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = UNDOCUMENTED CODE
8 = didn't answer
9 = missing

f64_0 who mainly pay for your medical cost?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = public medicare
2 = self
3 = family and children
4 = others
9 = missing

f64_2 who mainly pay for your medical cost?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = public medicare
2 = self
3 = family and children
4 = others
9 = missing

f64a_11 do you have retirement pension at present
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
0 = no
1 = yes
9 = missing

f64a_5 do you have retirment wage at present?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
0 = no
1 = yes
9 = missing

f64a_8 do you have retirement pension at present
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
0 = no
1 = yes
9 = missing

f64e1_11 do you have medical insurance for urban workers at present
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
0 = no
1 = yes
8 = do not know
9 = missing

f64i_11 do you have other social security or private insurance at present
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
0 = no
1 = yes
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f64i_8 do you have other social security or private insurance at present
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
0 = no
1 = yes
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f65_0 main reason not visit doctor when necessary
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable (not sick)
1 = no money
2 = far from hospital
3 = inconvenience in movement
4 = nobody to go with
5 = others
9 = missing

f65_2 main reason not visit doctor when necessary
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = no money
2 = far from hospital
3 = inconveniency in movement
4 = nobody to go with
5 = don't want to go to hospital
6 = others
9 = missing

f651a_5 how much did you spend on medical care services last year?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
88888 = do not know
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

f651a_8 how much money did you spend on medical care last year?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
88888 = don't know
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

f651a1_11 how much money did you spend on outpatient costs last year?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
88888 = do not know
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

f652_5 who mainly paid for the cost?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = public free medical services
2 = cooperative medical scheme
3 = state and collective subsidies
4 = medical insurance
5 = self
6 = spouse
7 = children
8 = no money to pay
9 = others
99 = missing

f652_8 who mainly paid the cost?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
0 = UNDOCUMENTED CODE
1 = public free medical services
2 = collective medical services
3 = state and collective subsidies
4 = medical insurance
5 = self
6 = spouse
7 = children
8 = no money to pay
9 = others
99 = missing

f6521_11 who mainly paid the cost?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = medical insurance for urban workers
2 = collective medical insurance for urban residents
3 = new rural cooperative medical insurance
4 = commercial medical insurance
5 = self
6 = spouse
7 = children/grandchildren
8 = no money to pay
9 = other

f652a_11 how far from your home to the nearest hospital (in kilometres)?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased

f84_11 father's main occupation before age 60
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
0 = professional and technical personnel
1 = governmental, institutional or managerial personnel
2 = commercial, service or industrial worker
3 = self-employed
4 = agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry or fishery worker
5 = housework
6 = military personnel
7 = never worked
8 = others
9 = missing

f84_8 father's main occupation before age 60
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
0 = professional and technical personnel
1 = governmental, institutional or managerial personnel
2 = commercial, service or industrial worker
3 = self-employed
4 = agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry or fishery worker
5 = housework
6 = military personnel
7 = never worked
8 = others
9 = missing

f85_5 father's main occupation in your childhood
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
0 = professional and technical personnel
1 = governmental, institutional or managerial personnel
2 = commercial, service or industrial worker
3 = self-employed
4 = agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry or fishery worker
5 = houseworker
6 = military personnel
7 = never worked
8 = others
9 = missing

f92a3_5 sibling alive
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f92a5_11 residence distance
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = same village
2 = same town/district
3 = same county/city
4 = county/city near by
5 = elsewhere
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f92a5_5 residence distance
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = same village
2 = same town/district
3 = same county/city
4 = county/city near by
5 = elsewhere
8 = don't know
9 = missing

f92a5_8 residence distance
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = same village
2 = same town/district
3 = same county/city
4 = county/city near by
5 = elsewhere
8 = don't know
9 = missing

family had bath facility prior to death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
0 = no
1 = yes
8 = do not know
9 = missing

family had tap water facility prior to death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
0 = no
1 = yes
8 = do not know
9 = missing

father's main occupation in your childhood
-1 = not applicable
0 = professional and technical personnel
1 = governmental, institutional or managerial personnel
2 = commercial, service or industrial worker
3 = self-employed
4 = agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry or fishery worker
5 = housework
6 = military personnel
7 = never worked
8 = others
9 = missing

fifth of other financial support sources
-1 = not applicable
1 = retirement wages
2 = spouse
3 = child(ren)
4 = grandchild(ren)
5 = other relative(s)
6 = local government or community
7 = work by self
8 = others
9 = no other means
88 = do not know
99 = missing

for the last 6 months, were you limited in activities because of health problem?
1 = yes, strongly limited
2 = yes, limited
3 = not limited
8 = do not know
9 = missing

functioning of bathing prior to death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = fully independent
2 = partially independent
3 = fully dependent
8 = do not know
9 = missing

functioning of continence prior to death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = able to control
2 = occasional accidents
3 = catheter was used or was incontinent
8 = do not know
9 = missing

functioning of dressing prior to death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = fully independent
2 = partially independent
3 = fully dependent
8 = do not know
9 = missing

g1 visual function
1 = can see and distinguish the break in the circle
2 = can see but can't distinguish the break in the circle
3 = can't see
4 = blind
9 = missing

g1_0 visual function
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = can see and distinguish the break in the circle
2 = can't see
3 = blind
9 = missing

g1_11 visual function: can you see the break in the circle?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = can see and distinguish
2 = can see only
3 = can't see
4 = blind
8 = don't know
9 = missing

g1_2 visual function
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = can see and distinguish
2 = can see only
3 = cannot see
4 = blind
9 = missing

g1_5 visual function
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = can see and distinguish
2 = can see only
3 = can't see
4 = blind
9 = missing

g1_8 visual function
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = can see and distinguish
2 = can see only
3 = can't see
4 = blind
8 = don't know
9 = missing

g10_0 weight
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
999 = missing

g101 hand behind neck
1 = right hand
2 = left hand
3 = both hands
4 = neither hand
9 = missing

g101_11 weight (kilograms)
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
888 = don't know
999 = missing

g101_2 weight
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
999 = missing

g101_5 weight
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
999 = missing

g101_8 weight
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
888 = don't know
999 = missing

g102b_11 self-reported height
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
888 = do not know
999 = missing

g102c_11 waist circumference
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
888 = do not know
998 = more than 1000
999 = missing

g1061_11 in which ear(s) do you have a hearing difficulty?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = left
2 = right
3 = both
8 = do not know
9 = missing

g1062_11 at what age did you first notice a hearing difficulty?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = since i was born
2 = during my childhood (before the age of 15)
3 = between the ages of 15 and 40
4 = after the age of 40
8 = do not know
9 = missing

g1063_11 how quickly did your hearing difficulty develop?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = suddenly (over a few days)
2 = over a few months
3 = over a few years
8 = do not know
9 = missing

g11_0 able to pick up a book from the floor?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = yes, standing
2 = yes, sitting
3 = no
9 = missing

g11_11 able to pick up a book from the floor?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = yes, standing
2 = yes, sitting
3 = no
8 = don't know
9 = missing

g11_2 able to pick up a book from the floor
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = yes, standing
2 = yes, sitting
3 = no
9 = missing

g11_5 able to pick up a book from the floor?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = yes, standing
2 = yes, sitting
3 = no
9 = missing

g11_8 able to pick up a book from the floor?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = yes, standing
2 = yes, sitting
3 = no
8 = don't know
9 = missing

g12_0 steps used to turn around 360 degree without help?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
88 = can't turn around
99 = missing

g12_11 steps used to turn around 360 with help?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
88 = can't turn around
99 = missing

g12_2 steps used to turn around 360 degree without help
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
88 = unable to make a turn
99 = missing

g12_5 steps used to turn around 360 degree without help?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
88 = can't turn around
99 = missing

g12_8 steps used to turn around 360 with help?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
88 = can't turn around
99 = missing

g13 able to pick up a book from the floor?
1 = yes, standing
2 = yes, sitting
3 = no
9 = missing

g13_0 # of times suffering from serious illness in the past two years
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
0 = no serious illness
88 = bedridden all the year around
99 = missing

g13_2 number of times suffering from serious illness in the past two years
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
88 = bedridden
99 = missing

g13_5 # of times suffering from serious illness in the past two years
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
0 = no serious illness
88 = bedridden all the year around
99 = missing

g131_11 # of times suffering from serious illness within the past two years
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
0 = no serious illness
88 = bedridden all the year around
99 = missing

g131_8 # of times suffering from serious illness within the past two years
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
0 = no serious illness
88 = bedridden all the year around
99 = missing

g132_11 # of times in hospitals
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
88 = bedridden all the year around
99 = missing

g132_8 # of times in hospitals
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
88 = bedridden all the year around
99 = missing

g14 steps used to turn around 360 degree without help?
88 = can't turn around
99 = missing

g14a1_0 name of disease suffering at the first time
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = hypertension
2 = diabetes
3 = heart diseases
4 = stroke, cvd
5 = bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, pneumonia
6 = pulmonary tuberculosis
7 = cataract
8 = glaucoma
9 = cancer
10 = prostate tumor
11 = gastric or duodenal ulcer
12 = parkinson's disease
13 = bedsore
14 = arthritis
15 = dementia
16 = other
66 = natural senescence without reporting any disease
89 = don't know
99 = missing

g14a1_11 name of disease suffered at 1st hospital visit
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = hypertension
2 = diabetes
3 = heart diseases
4 = stroke, cvd
5 = bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, pneumonia
6 = pulmonary tuberculosis
7 = cataract
8 = glaucoma
9 = cancer
10 = prostate tumor
11 = gastric or duodenal ulcer
12 = parkinson's disease
13 = bedsore
14 = arthritis
15 = dementia
16 = epilepsy
17 = cholecystitis, cholelith disease
18 = blood disease
19 = chronic nephritis
20 = galactophore disease
21 = uterine tumor
22 = hepatitis
23 = other
25 = UNDOCUMENTED CODE
66 = natural senescence without reporting any disease
88 = don't know
99 = missing

g14a1_2 name of disease suffering at the first time
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = hypertension
2 = diabetes
3 = heart diseases
4 = stroke, cvd
5 = bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, pneumonia
6 = pulmonary tuberculosis
7 = cataract
8 = glaucoma
9 = cancer
10 = prostate
11 = gastric or duodenal ulcer
12 = parkinson's disease
13 = bedsore
14 = arthritis
15 = dementia
160 = other
161 = diseases difficult to classify
164 = mental diseases
165 = orthopedic diseases
166 = internal medical diseases
167 = dermatosis
168 = five organs diseases
169 = gynecological diseases

g14a1_5 name of disease suffering at the first time
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = hypertension
2 = diabetes
3 = heart diseases
4 = stroke, cvd
5 = bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, pneumonia
6 = pulmonary tuberculosis
7 = cataract
8 = glaucoma
9 = cancer
10 = prostate tumor
11 = gastric or duodenal ulcer
12 = parkinson's disease
13 = bedsore
14 = arthritis
15 = dementia
160 = other
161 = diseases difficult to classify
164 = psychosis
165 = orthopedic
166 = internal medical disease
167 = dermatosis
168 = five organs disease
169 = gynecological disease
888 = don't know
999 = missing

g14a1_8 name of disease suffered at 1st hospital visit
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = hypertension
2 = diabetes
3 = heart diseases
4 = stroke, cvd
5 = bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, pneumonia
6 = pulmonary tuberculosis
7 = cataract
8 = glaucoma
9 = cancer
10 = prostate tumor
11 = gastric or duodenal ulcer
12 = parkinson's disease
13 = bedsore
14 = arthritis
15 = dementia
16 = epilepsy
17 = cholecystitis, cholelith disease
18 = blood disease
19 = chronic nephritis
20 = galactophore disease
21 = uterine tumor
22 = hepatitis
23 = other
66 = natural senescence without reporting any disease
88 = don't know
99 = missing

g14a2_0 days lasted for the first time
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
888 = bedridden all the year around
999 = missing

g14a2_11 1st time, number of days in hospital or bedridden
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
888 = bedridden all the year around
999 = missing

g14a2_2 days lasted for the first time
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
888 = bedridden
999 = missing

g14a2_5 days lasted for the first time
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
888 = bedridden all the year around
999 = missing

g14a2_8 1st time, number of days in hospital or bedridden
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
888 = bedridden all the year around
999 = missing

g14c1_11 name of disease suffered at the last hospital visit
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = hypertension
2 = diabetes
3 = heart diseases
4 = stroke, cvd
5 = bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, pneumonia
6 = pulmonary tuberculosis
7 = cataract
8 = glaucoma
9 = cancer
10 = prostate tumor
11 = gastric or duodenal ulcer
12 = parkinson's disease
13 = bedsore
14 = arthritis
15 = dementia
16 = epilepsy
17 = cholecystitis, cholelith disease
18 = blood disease
19 = chronic nephritis
20 = galactophore disease
21 = uterine tumor
22 = hepatitis
23 = other
66 = natural senescence without reporting any disease
88 = don't know
99 = missing

g15a1_0 suffering from hypertension?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = don't know
9 = missing

g15a1_11 suffering from hypertension?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = don't know
9 = missing

g15a1_2 suffering from hypertension
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = don't know
9 = missing

g15a1_5 suffering from hypertension?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = don't know
9 = missing

g15a1_8 suffering from hypertension?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = don't know
9 = missing

g15a3_0 disability in daily life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = rather serious
2 = more or less
3 = no
9 = missing

g15a3_11 disability in daily life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = rather serious
2 = more or less
3 = no
9 = missing

g15a3_14 disability in daily life
-1 = not applicable
1 = rather serious
2 = more or less
3 = no
8 = do not know
9 = missing

g15a3_2 disability in daily life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = rather serious
2 = more or less
3 = no
9 = missing

g15a3_5 disability in daily life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = rather serious
2 = more or less
3 = no
9 = missing

g15a3_8 disability in daily life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = rather serious
2 = more or less
3 = no
9 = missing

g15f3_11 disability in daily life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = rather serious
2 = more or less
3 = no
8 = don't know
9 = missing

g15f3_8 disability in daily life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = rather serious
2 = more or less
3 = no
8 = don't know
9 = missing

g15j3a_11 disability in daily life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = rather serious
2 = more or less
3 = no
8 = do not know
9 = missing

g15p1_0 suffering from other chronic disease?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = difficult to classify
2 = no
3 = don't know
4 = mental disease
5 = orthopedic disease
6 = internal medical disease
7 = dermatosis
8 = five organs diseases
9 = gynecological disease

g17a2 disability in daily life
-1 = not applicable
1 = rather serious
2 = more or less
3 = no
9 = missing

g21_0 number of natural teeth have
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
99 = missing

g21_2 number of natural teeth have
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
99 = missing

g23_11 how often do you brush your teeth every day?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
0 = do not brush
1 = occasionally
2 = once a day
3 = twice a day
4 = three or more times a day
8 = do not know
9 = not applicable (no teeth)

g24a_14 on a scale of 1-10, 1 mild and 10 severe, how would you rate this pain?
88 = do not know
99 = missing

g4 which hand do you normally use for eating?
1 = right-hand
2 = left-hand
9 = missing

g4_0 which hand do you normally use for eating?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = right hand
2 = left hand
9 = missing

g4_11 which hand do you normally use for eating?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = right-handed
2 = left-handed
8 = don't know
9 = missing

g4_2 which hand do you normally use for eating?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = right hand
2 = left hand
9 = missing

g4_5 hemisphere dominance
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = right-handed
2 = left-handed
9 = missing

g4_8 which hand do you normally use for eating?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = right-handed
2 = left-handed
8 = don't know
9 = missing

g4a_11 which hand do you normally use for writing?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = right-handed
2 = left-handed
3 = never writing
8 = don't know
9 = missing

g4b_11 which hand do you normally use for brushing your teeth?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = right-handed
2 = left-handed
3 = never brushing teeth
8 = don't know
9 = missing

g6 rhythm of heart
1 = regular
2 = irregular
9 = missing

g6_0 rhythm of heart
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = regular
2 = irregular
9 = missing

g6_11 rhythm of heart
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = regular
2 = irregular
8 = do not know
9 = missing

g6_2 rhythm of heart
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = regular
2 = irregular
9 = missing

g6_5 rhythm of heart
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = regular
2 = irregular
9 = missing

g81_0 hand behind neck
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = right hand
2 = left hand
3 = both hands
4 = neither hand
9 = missing

g81_11 hand behind neck
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = right hand
2 = left hand
3 = both hands
4 = neither hand
8 = don't know
9 = missing

g81_2 hand behind neck
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = right hand only
2 = left hand only
3 = both hands
4 = neither hand
9 = missing

g81_5 hand behind neck
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = right hand
2 = left hand
3 = both hands
4 = neither hand
9 = missing

g81_8 hand behind neck
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = right hand
2 = left hand
3 = both hands
4 = neither hand
8 = don't know
9 = missing

g83_11 hold-up arms
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = only left arm
2 = only right arm
3 = two arms
4 = neither left nor right arms
8 = don't know
9 = missing

g83_5 hold-up arms
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = only left arm
2 = only right arm
3 = two arms
4 = neither left nor right arms
9 = missing

g83_8 hold-up arms
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = only left arm
2 = only right arm
3 = two arms
4 = neither left nor right arms
8 = don't know
9 = missing

g9_0 able to stand up from sitting in a chair?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = yes, without using hands
2 = yes, using hands
3 = no
9 = missing

g9_11 able to stand up from sitting in a chair?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = yes, without using hands
2 = yes, using hands
3 = no
8 = don't know
9 = missing

g9_2 able to stand up from sitting in a chair
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = yes, without using hands
2 = yes, using hands
3 = no
9 = missing

g9_5 able to stand up from sitting in a chair?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = yes, without using hands
2 = yes, using hands
3 = no
9 = missing

g9_8 able to stand up from sitting in a chair?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = yes, without using hands
2 = yes, using hands
3 = no
8 = don't know
9 = missing

h1_0 was interviewee able to hear?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = yes, without hearing aid
2 = yes, but needs hearing aid
3 = partly, despite hearing aid
4 = no
9 = missing

h1_11 was interviewee able to hear?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = yes, without hearing aid
2 = yes, but needs hearing aid
3 = partly, despite hearing aid
4 = no
9 = missing

h1_2 was interviewee able to hear?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = yes, without hearing aid
2 = yes, but needs hearing aid
3 = partly, despite using hearing aid
4 = can't
9 = missing

h1_5 was interviewee able to hear?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = yes, without hearing aid
2 = yes, but needs hearing aid
3 = partly, despite hearing aid
4 = no
9 = missing

h1_8 was interviewee able to hear?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = yes, without hearing aid
2 = yes, but needs hearing aid
3 = partly, despite hearing aid
4 = no
9 = missing

h1a was interviewee able to hear?
1 = yes, without hearing aid
2 = yes, but needs hearing aid
3 = partly, despite hearing aid
4 = no
9 = missing

h1b volume of hearing aid
-1 = not applicable
9 = missing

h21_0 did interviewee able to participate physical check?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = partially able to
9 = missing

h21_11 did interviewee able to participate in physical check?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = partially able to
9 = missing

h21_2 did interviewee able to participate physical check?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = partly
9 = missing

h21_5 did interviewee able to participate physical check?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = partially able to
9 = missing

h21_8 did interviewee able to participate in physical check?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = partially able to
9 = missing

h22 the reason of unable to participate physical check
-1 = not applicable
1 = visually impaired, but can hear
2 = hearing impaired, but can see
3 = visually and hearing impaired
4 = paralyzed
5 = did not wish to participate
6 = could not understand due to cognitive impairment
7 = suffering from illness at moment
8 = others
9 = missing

h22_0 the reason of unable to participate physical check
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = visually impaired, but can hear
2 = hearing impaired, but can see
3 = visually and hearing impaired
4 = paralyzed
5 = did not wish to participate
6 = could not understand due to cognitive impairment
7 = suffering from illness at moment
8 = others
9 = missing

h22_11 the reason for inability to participate in physical check
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = visually impaired, but can hear
2 = hearing impaired, but can see
3 = visually and hearing impaired
4 = paralyzed
5 = did not wish to participate
6 = could not understand due to cognitive impairment
7 = suffering from illness at moment
8 = others
9 = missing

h22_2 the reason of unable to participate physical check
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = visually impaired, but can hear
2 = hearing impaired, but can see
3 = visually and hearing impaired
4 = paralyzed
5 = didn't wish to participate
6 = could not understand due to cognitive impairment
7 = suffering from illness at moment
8 = others
9 = missing

h22_5 the reason of unable to participate physical check
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = visually impaired, but can hear
2 = hearing impaired, but can see
3 = visually and hearing impaired
4 = paralyzed
5 = did not wish to participate
6 = could not understand due to cognitive impairment
7 = suffering from illness at moment
8 = others
9 = missing

h22_8 the reason for inability to participate in physical check
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = visually impaired, but can hear
2 = hearing impaired, but can see
3 = visually and hearing impaired
4 = paralyzed
5 = did not wish to participate
6 = could not understand due to cognitive impairment
7 = suffering from illness at moment
8 = others
9 = missing

h3 the health of interviewee rated by interviewer
1 = surprisingly healthy
2 = relatively healthy
3 = moderately ill
4 = very ill
9 = missing

h3_0 the health of interviewee rated by interviewer
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = surprisingly healthy
2 = relatively healthy
3 = moderately ill
4 = very ill
9 = missing

h3_11 the health of interviewee rated by interviewer
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
1 = surprisingly healthy
2 = relatively healthy
3 = moderately ill
4 = very ill
9 = missing

h3_2 the health of interviewee rated by interviewer
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = surprisingly healthy
2 = relatively healthy
3 = moderately ill
4 = very ill
9 = missing

h3_5 the health of interviewee rated by interviewer
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = surprisingly healthy
2 = relatively healthy
3 = moderately ill
4 = very ill
9 = missing

h3_8 the health of interviewee rated by interviewer
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = surprisingly healthy
2 = relatively healthy
3 = moderately ill
4 = very ill
9 = missing

h71_0 who helped interviewee to answer question?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = spouse
2 = child or spouse of children
3 = grandchild or spouse of grandchild
4 = great grandchild or spouse of great grandchild
5 = sibling
6 = parent or parent-in-law
7 = caregiver
8 = others
9 = missing

h71_11 who helped the interviewee to answer questions?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
1 = spouse
2 = child or spouse of child
3 = grandchild or spouse of grandchild
4 = great grandchild or spouse of great grandchild
5 = sibling
6 = parent or parent-in-law
7 = caregiver or institutional staff
8 = others
9 = missing

h71_2 who helped interviewee to answer question?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = spouse
2 = children and their spouses
3 = grandchildren and their spouses
4 = great grandchildren and their spouses
5 = siblings
6 = parents/parents-in-law
7 = caregivers
8 = others
9 = missing

h71_5 who helped interviewee to answer question?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = spouse
2 = child or spouse of child
3 = grandchild or spouse of grandchild
4 = great grandchild or spouse of great grandchild
5 = sibling
6 = parent or parent-in-law
7 = caregiver or institutional staff
8 = others
9 = missing

h71_8 who helped the interviewee to answer questions?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = spouse
2 = child or spouse of child
3 = grandchild or spouse of grandchild
4 = great grandchild or spouse of great grandchild
5 = sibling
6 = parent or parent-in-law
7 = caregiver or institutional staff
8 = others
9 = missing

h81 who helped interviewee to answer question?
-1 = not applicable
1 = spouse
2 = children or spouse of children
3 = grandchild or spouse of grandchild
4 = great grandchild or spouse of great grandchild
5 = sibling
6 = parent or parent-in-law
7 = caregiver
8 = others
9 = missing

height of the deceased elder
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
888 = do not know
999 = missing

hold-up arms
1 = right hand
2 = left hand
3 = both hands
4 = neither hand
8 = don't know
9 = missing

how do you rate your economic status compared with other local people?
1 = very rich
2 = rich
3 = so so
4 = poor
5 = very poor
8 = don't know
9 = missing

how many hours did the (grand)children help the elder last week?
-1 = not applicable
888 = not able to answer
998 = more than 1000
999 = missing

how much did you give to your daughter(s) or son(s)-in-law last year?
-1 = not applicable
88888 = don't know
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

how much of the day did these feelings usually last?
1 = all day long
2 = most of the day
3 = about half of the day
4 = less than half of the day
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

how often ate medicinal plants at around age 60
1 = almost everyday
2 = not every day, but at least once per week
3 = not every week, but at least once per month
4 = not every month, but occasionally
5 = rarely or never
8 = don't know
9 = missing

how often ate milk products at around age 60
1 = almost everyday
2 = not everyday, but at least once per week
3 = not every week, but at least once per month
4 = not every month, but occasionally
5 = rarely or never
8 = don't know
9 = missing

how often do you brush your teeth every day?
0 = do not brush
1 = occasionally
2 = once a day
3 = twice a day
4 = three or more times a day
8 = do not know
9 = not applicable (no teeth)

how quickly did the elder's hearing difficulty develop?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = suddenly (over a few days)
2 = over a few months
3 = over a few years
8 = do not know
9 = missing

how quickly did your hearing difficulty develop?
1 = suddenly (over a few days)
2 = over a few months
3 = over a few years
8 = do not know
9 = missing

how soon after waking up did the elder smoke first cigarette prior to death?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = within 5 minutes
2 = 6-30 minutes
3 = 31-60 minutes
4 = after 60 minutes
8 = do not know
9 = missing

if retired, what is your monthly retirement pension?
88888 = do not know
99999 = missing

if yes, how many days did she/he tell the family before her/his death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
8888 = don't know
9999 = missing

if yes, which year to be cohabited?
8888 = do not know
9999 = missing

in which ear(s) did the elder have a hearing difficulty?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = left
2 = right
3 = both
8 = do not know
9 = missing

in which ear(s) do you have a hearing difficulty?
1 = left
2 = right
3 = both
8 = do not know
9 = missing

is the house/apartment of the elder purchased/self-built/inherited/rented?
-1 = not applicable
1 = purchased
2 = self-built
3 = inherited
4 = welfare-oriented public housing
5 = rented
6 = subleased
7 = others
8 = don't know
9 = missing

jige_11 number of siblings alive who are 80+ years old
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
88 = don't know
99 = missing

main flavor you have
1 = insipidity
2 = salty
3 = sweet
4 = hot
5 = crude
6 = do not have all the above tastes
8 = don't know
9 = missing

main reason not to visit doctor when necessary
-1 = not applicable (not sick)
1 = no money
2 = far from hospital
3 = inconvenience to travel
4 = nobody to go with
5 = didn't want to go
6 = other
8 = do not know
9 = missing

marital status of the deceased elder prior to death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = married living with the spouse
2 = married but not living with the spouse
3 = divorce
4 = widowed
5 = never married
9 = missing

name of disease suffered at 1st hospital visit
-1 = not applicable
1 = hypertension
2 = diabetes
3 = heart diseases
4 = stroke, cvd
5 = bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, pneumonia
6 = pulmonary tuberculosis
7 = cataract
8 = glaucoma
9 = cancer
10 = prostate tumor
11 = gastric or duodenal ulcer
12 = parkinson's disease
13 = bedsore
14 = arthritis
15 = dementia
16 = epilepsy
17 = cholecystitis, cholelith disease
18 = blood disease
19 = chronic nephritis
20 = galactophore disease
21 = galactophore disease
22 = uterine tumor
23 = hyperplasia of prostate gland
24 = hepatitis
25 = other
66 = natural senescence without reporting any disease
88 = don't know
99 = missing

number of generations living in the household when the elderly died
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = one generation
2 = two generations
3 = three generation household
4 = four or more gernerations
8 = do not know
9 = missing

place of death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = home
2 = hospital
3 = institutions
4 = others
8 = do not know
9 = missing

primary caregiver prior to death
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = spouse
2 = children/their spouses
3 = grandchildren/their spouses
4 = other family members
5 = friends
6 = social service providers
7 = nurse/maid
8 = no body
9 = do not need care

primary caregiver when the elder need assistance in above six tasks
-1 = not applicable
1 = spouse
2 = son
3 = daughter-in-law
4 = daughter
5 = son-in-law
6 = son and daughter
7 = grandchild(ren)
8 = other relative(s)
9 = neighbors
10 = social services
11 = housekeeper
12 = nobody
88 = not able to answer
99 = missing

primary living arrangement of the deceased elder in the last year of life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = nursing home
2 = never-married and alone
3 = widowed and alone
4 = with old spouse only
5 = with married child (including grandchildren)
6 = with married grandchild (not including child)
7 = with unmarried child/grandchild
8 = other relative
9 = other

proxy or not for 63
-1 = not applicable
0 = without proxy
1 = with proxy
9 = missing

proxy or not for a41
0 = without proxy
1 = with proxy
9 = missing

proxy or not for e1
0 = without proxy

ra1 proxy or not for a1
9 = missing

ra51_0 proxy or not for a51_0
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
0 = without proxy
1 = with proxy
9 = missing

ra51_11 proxy or not for a51
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
0 = without proxy
1 = with proxy
9 = missing

ra51_2 proxy or not for a51_2
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
0 = without proxy
1 = with proxy
9 = missing

ra51_5 proxy or not for a51
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
0 = without proxy
1 = with proxy
9 = missing

ra51_8 proxy or not for a51
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
0 = without proxy
1 = with proxy
9 = missing

ra52_11 proxy or not for a52
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
-1 = not applicable
0 = without proxy
1 = with proxy
9 = missing

ra52_2 proxy or not for a52_2
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
-1 = not applicable
0 = without proxy
1 = with proxy
9 = missing

ra52_5 proxy or not for a52_5
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
0 = without proxy
1 = with proxy
9 = missing

ra52_8 proxy or not for a52
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
0 = without proxy
1 = with proxy
9 = missing

ra54_0 proxy or not for a54a_0 a54b_0
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for the deceased persons, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
0 = without proxy
1 = with proxy
9 = missing

rd1_0 proxy or not for d1_0
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
0 = without proxy
1 = with proxy
9 = missing

rd1_11 proxy or not for d1
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased
0 = without proxy
1 = with proxy

rd1_8 proxy or not for d1
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
0 = without proxy
1 = with proxy

relation respondent is original sampled person or his/her sibling?
0 = original sampled person
1 = first sibling of the original sampled person
2 = second sibling of the original sampled person
3 = third sibling of the original sampled person
4 = fourth sibling of the original sampled person
5 = fifth sibling or beyond of the original sampled elderly
9 = missing

relationship of 10th person living with deceased elder in last year of life
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
0 = spouse
1 = child
2 = spouse of child
3 = grandchild
4 = spouse of grandchild
5 = great grandchild or spouse of great grandchild
6 = sibling
7 = parent or parent-in-law
8 = other
9 = missing

relatype what kind of sibling?
-1 = not applicable
1 = full sibling
2 = half sibling
3 = adopted sibling
4 = others
9 = missing

resic_11 category of residence of the interviewee in 2011
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2011 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = city
2 = town
3 = rural

resid_0 category of residence of the interviewee in 2000
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
1 = city
2 = town
3 = rural

resid_2 ctegory of residence of the interviewee in 2002
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased
1 = city
2 = town
3 = county

resid_5 category of residence of the interviewee in 2005
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons
1 = city
2 = town
3 = rural

resid_8 category of residence of the interviewee in 2008
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2008 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-7 = for survivors, not applicable for deceased persons
1 = city
2 = town
3 = rural

residence distance of the 10th child
-1 = not applicable
0 = co-residence
1 = same village
2 = same town/district
3 = same county/city
4 = county/city near by
5 = elsewhere
8 = don't know
9 = missing

rf71 proxy or not for f71
-1 = not applicable
0 = without proxy
1 = with proxy
2 = UNDOCUMENTED CODE
9 = missing

rg17f proxy or not for g17f1 g17f2
0 = without proxy
1 = with proxy
2 = UNDOCUMENTED CODE
9 = missing

s1 interviewer's opinion based on information got from the elder's neighbors
-1 = not applicable
1 = the elder's age is not correct
2 = doubt about the elder's age
3 = have no idea about the elder's age
4 = not sure for elder's age
5 = sure for elder's age
9 = missing

s1_0 interviewer's opinion based on information got from the elder's neighbors
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2000 survey
-6 = it is for survivors, not applicable for the deceased persons
-1 = not applicable
1 = the elder's age is not correct
2 = doubt about the elder's age
3 = have no idea about the elder's age
4 = not sure for elder's age
5 = sure for elder's age
9 = missing

sex of the 2nd person living with the deceased elder
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = male
2 = female
8 = don't know
9 = missing

smoked or not since the last interview
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = no
2 = yes
8 = do not know
9 = missing

status of survival, death, or lost to follow-up from 2011/2012 to 2014 waves
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
0 = surviving at the 2014 survey
1 = died before the 2014 survey

suffering from arthritis prior to death?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
0 = no
1 = yes
8 = do not know
9 = missing

the 10th child alive or not
-1 = not applicable
1 = yes
2 = no
3 = unknown
8 = don't know
9 = missing

the average monthly cost for the elder living in an institution
-1 = not applicable
8888 = don't know
9998 = more than 10000
9999 = missing

the primary reason that you live in an institution (elderly center, elderly home
1 = no child or child is unavailable for caregiving
2 = don't want to bother children
3 = no own house/apartment but want to separate with children
4 = able to interact with other old persons
5 = others
8 = do not know
9 = missing

the total direct cost paid for caregiving last week
-1 = not applicable
88888 = not able to answer
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

the willingness of the primary caregiver when providing such care
-1 = not applicable
1 = willing to do
2 = without patience
3 = need respite care
4 = unwilling to do
8 = don't know
9 = missing

under whose name your current house/apartment purchased or rented
-1 = not applicable
1 = self or spouse
2 = children
3 = grandchildren
4 = other relatives
5 = others
8 = don't know
9 = missing

vage_2 validated age at the 2002 survey
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2002 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased

vage_5 validated age
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2005 survey
-8 = died or lost to follow-up in previous waves
-6 = survivors only, not applicable to the deceased persons

waist circumference
888 = do not know
998 = more than 1000
999 = missing

was the place of birth an urban area or a rural area at time of birth
1 = urban
2 = rural
8 = don't know
9 = missing

what do you think about your chances of being diagnosed with lung cancer?
1 = at much less risk
2 = at less risk
3 = at the same risk
4 = at higher risk
5 = at much higher risk
8 = do not know
9 = missing

what is the annual payment by individual if taking part in old age insurance?
-1 = not applicable
88888 = do not know
99998 = more than 100000
99999 = missing

what kind of alcohol did the elder drink?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = liquor
2 = wine
3 = rice wine
4 = others
8 = don't know
9 = missing

what kind of alcohol you drink (drank) ?
-1 = not applicable
1 = very strong liquor
2 = not very strong liquor
3 = wine
4 = rice wine
5 = beer
6 = others
8 = don't know
9 = missing

what kind of grease do you mainly use for cooking?
1 = vegetable grease
2 = gingili grease
3 = lard
4 = other animal's fat
8 = don't know
9 = missing

what kind of living arrangement do you like best?
1 = living alone regardless residential distance with children
2 = living alone (or with spouse) and children living nearby
3 = coresidence with children
4 = institutions
5 = don't know
8 = do not know
9 = missing

what kind of tea usually drink at around age 60?
1 = Green tea
2 = Red tea (black tea)
3 = Oolong tea
4 = White tea
5 = Yellow tea
6 = Dark tea (Pu-erh tea)
7 = Compressed tea
8 = Scented tea
9 = Others, please specify

what kind of tea usually drink at present?
1 = Green tea
2 = Red tea (black tea);
3 = Oolong tea
4 = White tea
5 = Yellow tea
6 = Dark tea (Pu-erh tea)
7 = Compressed tea
8 = Scented tea
9 = Others, please specify

what kind of water usually drink?
1 = boiled water
2 = un-boiled water
9 = missing

what type of dwelling is your home?
1 = detached house
2 = duplex/triplex
3 = low rise apartment (1-3 floors)
4 = high rise apartment (>3 floors, without elevators)
5 = high rise apartment (>3 floors, with elevators)
6 = mobile home / trailer
7 = other
8 = do not know
9 = missing

what type of dwelling was the elder's home prior to death?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = detached house
2 = duplex/triplex
3 = low rise apartment (1-3 floors)
4 = high rise apartment (>3 floors, without elevators)
5 = high rise apartment (>3 floors, with elevators)
6 = mobile home / trailer
7 = other
8 = do not know
9 = missing

what's the reason that you did not take part in old age insurance?
1 = not worth
2 = not necessary
3 = cannot afford to the payment
8 = do not know
9 = missing

whether did the deceased elder have dreams about the death prior to death?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = no
2 = yes
3 = not sure
8 = do not know
9 = missing

whether was the deceased elderly painful prior to death?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = very painful
2 = painful
3 = so so
4 = relatively peaceful
5 = peaceful
6 = difficult to say
8 = don't know
9 = missing

which fuels are normally used for cooking in your home?
0 = never cooking
1 = gas: from underground pipes
2 = gas: bottled, tank, or lp
3 = electricity
4 = fuel oil, kerosene, etc
5 = coal or coke
6 = charcoal
7 = solar energy
8 = firewood or straw
9 = other

which fuels were normally used for cooking prior to death?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
0 = never cooking
1 = gas: from underground pipes
2 = gas: bottled, tank, or lp
3 = electricity
4 = fuel oil, kerosene, etc
5 = coal or coke
6 = charcoal
7 = solar energy
8 = firewood or straw
9 = other

which hand did the deceased elder normally use for brushing teeth?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = right-handed
2 = left-handed
3 = never brushing teeth
8 = don't know
9 = missing

which hand did the deceased elder normally use for eating?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = right-handed
2 = left-handed
8 = don't know
9 = missing

which hand did the deceased elder normally use for writing?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
1 = right-handed
2 = left-handed
3 = never writing
8 = don't know
9 = missing

which hand do you normally use for brushing your teeth?
1 = right-handed
2 = left-handed
3 = never brushing teeth
8 = don't know
9 = missing

which hand do you normally use for writing?
1 = right-handed
2 = left-handed
3 = never writing
8 = don't know
9 = missing

which year did you take part in public old age insurance?
-1 = not applicable
8888 = do not know
9999 = missing

who helped the interviewee to answer questions?
-1 = not applicable
1 = spouse
2 = child or spouse of child
3 = grandchild or spouse of grandchild
4 = great grandchild or spouse of great grandchild
5 = sibling
6 = parent or parent-in-law
7 = caregiver or institutional staff
8 = others
9 = missing

who mainly paid for the cost?
-1 = not applicable
1 = self
2 = spouse
3 = children & their spouses
4 = grandchildren & their spouses
5 = public & collectives
6 = others
8 = don't know
9 = missing

who mainly paid the care serivces prior to death?
-9 = lost to follow-up in the 2014 survey
-7 = for deceased, not applicable for survivors
-1 = not applicable
1 = medical insurance
2 = self
3 = spouse
4 = children/grandchildren
5 = state or collectives
6 = others
8 = do not know
9 = missing

who mainly paid the cost?
1 = medical insurance for urban workers
2 = collective medical insurance for urban residents
3 = new rural cooperative medical insurance
4 = commercial medical insurance
5 = self
6 = spouse
7 = children/grandchildren
8 = no money to pay
9 = other

who mainly pays the above cost?
-1 = not applicable
1 = self
2 = spouse
3 = children and their spouses
4 = grandchildren and their spouses
5 = public and collectives
6 = others
8 = not able to answer
9 = missing

0 = make decisions on some of the main spending in my household
1 = make decisions on almost all spending in my household
2 = make decisions on some of the non-main spending in my househ
3 = make decisions only on own spending
4 = cannot make decisons on any spending
5 = don't know
8 = do not know
9 = missing