Critical thinking- part 4

Name of Group Member (indicate in parenthesis after the name- what specific question(s) each member was responsible to initially address):

Kamran Vastani

(We both went through whole assignment, sent to each other the work , reviewed and mixed some parts to make sure submit best result to be graded.

Mehrnoosh Ejlali

Date:

7/18/19

INSERT the full reference citation for your APPROVED article in the grey space below (NOTE: Use correct APA. Your faculty is aware of indentation challenges and will not deduct points for incorrect indentation).

15. Ethical Considerations

15a: How did the author indicate that human rights were protected? (For example, explanation of study by researcher? IRB? Ethics Committee etc.?) Include page number(s) where you found this information? If IRB approval was discussed, what institution(s) did they indicate as giving approval for the study? Discuss/identify how informed consent was obtained. State what page number(s) this information was found.

This study was approved by the IRB of Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (DHMC) and the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) and all participants provided written informed consent (Wells et al., 2018, p. 534). In the attainment of informed consents, there were trained staff who reviewed both the consent and study documents with patients who met eligibility requirements prior to enrollment at the local cardiology clinics of UAB and DHMC (Wells et al., 2018, p. 535). Later in this article, under “Declarations,” it is stated that the study protocol has ethics approval from Dartmouth College and UAB and that written informed consents were obtained from all patients (Wells et al., 2018, p. 537).

15b: Discuss/identify if the participants/guardians/parents received any type of payment or compensation for agreeing to be part of the study? State what page number(s) this information was found. If yes, what are your thoughts regarding the payment or compensation from an ethical framework?

No indication of payments or compensations to the participants/caregivers were discussed. My thoughts regarding paying participants is that while it could incentivize people to participate in a study, it could raise complex ethical issues concerning inappropriate influence.

15c: Discuss/identify any conflicts of interest in recruiting the subjects/participants? State what page number(s) this information was found.

Under the heading of “Declarations”, subheading of “Competing interests,” the researchers state they have no competing interests (Wells et al., 2018, p. 537).

15d: Discuss whether or not the subjects/participants are considered by the IRB’s criteria as a vulnerable population. (See page 241- 243 of your text.)

No vulnerable populations were explicitly identified, however, because the minimum age was 50 years old, it is possible that the elderly population was involved in this study. Aside from this requirement, they had to be English-speaking, no dementia or significant confusion as evidenced by a Callahan score of less than or equal to 3 (Wells et al., 2018, p. 535). No children, prisoners or other vulnerable persons were identified. Since the study was regarding patients with advanced heart failure, there is also a possibility that due to their advanced chronic illness, they were also in a vulnerable state.

15e: How did the authors ensure data remained private/secure? Identify who had access/privileges to the data. State what page number(s) this information was found. If this information is not discussed indicate this with “Not Applicable”.

Under the “data collection” heading, it states that the initial OPCC notes were de-identified after they were printed from the electronic health records (Wells et al., 2018, p. 535). It was also stated that the contents of OPCC were assessed using modifications to a previously established coding scheme.

15f: What specific provision of the ANA code of ethics specifically pertains to research?

· What does this provision address specifically as it relates to research?

· What is the professional nurses’ responsibility in response to the identified provision?

See page 235 of your text and this website: http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/EthicsStandards/CodeofEthicsforNurses/Code-of-Ethics-For-Nurses.html

(Hint: Be sure you read through the Code of Ethics and provide the exact code that speaks to ethics related to research. There are many other codes so be sure to identify and discuss the one specific to research).

According to the American Nurses Association (2015), provision 3.2 is the “Protection of Human Participants in Research” which means as nurses, we must respect our patients’ rights to autonomy, self-determination, and right to choose whether they would like to take part in any study. As such, they must be provided with enough relevant information to make informed decisions and it is our responsibility to ensure that they do have that and any questions they have are answered. The information necessary to give includes what the nature of participation is, risks and benefits, available options aside from the study and resultant findings (American Nurses Association, 2015). Other information that is necessary is a return of results, and explanation of how the data will be used, managed, and protected (American Nurses Association, 2015). Vulnerable groups are of special consideration, so we should be aware that research involving those who are members of those groups have protections specific to them and should also be aware of the credentials of the qualifications of the principle investigator and ensure ethical conduct (American Nurses Association, 2015).

15g: Identify any outside sources of funding and any disclaimers identifying any author affiliations. State what page number(s) this information was found.

(Hint: This if frequently found at the very end of an article or sometimes on the first page but not in all cases).

At the end of the article, there is a section entitled “Funding” which states all sources of funding.

1. Pilot/Exploratory grant from the National Palliative Care Research Center (Wells et al., 2018, p. 538).

2. Dr. Dionne-Odom received from NIH/National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH/National Cancer Institute, National Palliative Care Research Center, and American Cancer Society (Wells et al., 2018, p. 538).

3. Rachel Wells received funding from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Future of Nursing Scholars program (Wells et al., 2018, p. 538).

4. Dr. Deborah Ejem received support from NIH/National Institute of Nursing Research (Wells et al., 2018, p. 538).

16. Summary

16a: How did the research relate to the metaparadigm of nursing?

(Hint: You may need to refer to the Instructors presentation in Module 1 if you need to review the metaparadigm of nursing. Address each component of the metaparadigm. If you believe your selected study did not address components of the metaparadigm-identify the component(s) and provide rationale).

Your answer should be placed in table format with three columns.

· first column should identify the component of the metaparadigm,

· second column should discuss your rationale for believing this element of the metaparadigm was addressed or not addressed in the study

· last column should include a specific example from the study as to how the metaparadigm component was addressed in your selected study.

16b: Discuss how the research is clinically significant. (see page 294-95 of your text)

(Hint: Statistical significance and clinical significance are not the same concepts-so do not confuse the two concepts. How can this research regardless of the statistical significance of the findings be applied to nursing practice?)

16c: What did you like/appreciate concerning this study as related to the research process?

(Hint: Answer this question based on your knowledge of research; do not answer it based on your personal opinion that you enjoyed reading the study).

Did this study reflect the research design?

Identify one improvement you might suggest to enhance the strength of the study? Discuss how you believe it would strengthen the study using research language. Underline the research concepts that were used in your response.

17. Personal Thoughts

17a: Each group member will write their reflections on how the weekly critical thinking assignments have influenced your skill in reading and comprehending nursing research. Identify a minimum of one strength you have in this process and what was your most challenging experience related to these weekly assignments. Additionally, comment on your contributions to the group (do not include a list of what you specifically were assigned to complete but what your understanding and learning of research contributed to the group).

Conclude this paragraph completing this philosophical statement: “This I believe about the role of the professional nursing as a lifelong learner in relationship to being a “consumer of nursing research” ……………….

This is the one place in this assignment where each member of the group will formulate their own response to question 17 and not develop a response as a group. This response should not be submitted separately but within the document.

Hint: Sometimes previous students have not addressed the questions for this section-so please be sure you address all elements Remember “consumer of nursing research” is an expected baccalaureate prepared nurse competency discussed in Module 1.

Kamran:

As the start of this course, we got off to a rough start due to circumstances in both our lives, however, after reviewing the feedback and removing our obstacles, we were able to improve the quality of our work during these weekly critical thinking assignments. My personal strengths I was able to bring were the ability to adapt, attentiveness to feedback, and rationally work through problems. Through my learning and development I have been able to think more critically of the article that we have chosen and I believe this is part of why the quality of our work has improved drastically since our first assignment and our ability to plan our work has also improved.

This I believe about the role of professional nursing as a lifelong learner in relationship to being a "consumer of research": To merely read or listen to research that is written or presented is not enough. We must appraise the information presented to us and judge its weight before making changes to our practice. As we consume research and gain knowledge as professional nurses, we can improve the quality of our care to our patients, provide better outcomes, and earn the trust and loyalty of our clientele because it is out of respect for them and their lives that we further our knowledge.

Merhnoosh:

Weekly critical thinking assignments needed an in-depth analysis of the chosen study. Even though I found the process a bit challenging as we began. As we progressed over the weeks, I realized that it became easier to understand the research article looking at it from the perspective of research and data analysis. I was quite confused about the information that I needed to extract from the research article when I began going through it. I have now been able to locate data, and other required information from the research article with ease and I would say I have found that data analysis is such a nice field that I might consider advancing my deeper understanding in. The group members have appreciated my contribution to this wonderful group, I have learned a lot from them, and I hope they have learned a lot from me too.

This I believe about the role of professional nursing as a lifelong learner in relationship to being a “consumer of nursing research” because the healthcare system is one dynamic field that is constantly changing. To keep ourselves at par with the new changes we should never cease searching for answers and solutions to address every new challenge. Research give health workers the authority to explore ways of offering care using the most current and evidence-based methods.

Tasks

Target:

Acceptable:

Unacceptable:

Not Addressed

15. Ethical Considerations •Protection of human rights/IRB approval/informed consent •Participants received payment •Conflicts of interest with subject recruitment •Vulnerable population •Maintaining privacy of data and confidentiality •ANA code supported by this study •Outside funding identified

5-6 Points

Accurate responses based on substance. Justified appropriately for all questions in this section.

Responses reflect the level of scholarship expected of a BSN student.

3-4 Points

Mostly accurate response but lacks justification or inappropriately justified. Responses are not of substance and some answers lack justification or lack scholarship expected of a BSN student.

1-2 Points

Attempted to respond but response is frequently inaccurate/incorrect. Or does not address all questions

0 Points

Not addressed.

16. Summary •Relationship of research to nursing metaparadigm

•Clinical significance

•Strengths of study

· Suggestion for improvement to strengthen the study’s design

2 Points

Accurate response. Justified appropriately. Speaks to all aspects of the metaparadigm, clinical significance and strengths of the study with substance reflecting the level of scholarship expected of a BSN student. Provides response in a table format as required.

1 Points

Accurate responses but lacks justification; or responses are inappropriately justified or inaccurate. Responses could better reflect the level of scholarship expected of a BSN student. Does not identify all aspects of the metaparadigm or justification needs to be strengthened. Strengths reasonable-justification is satisfactory.

Provides responses in a table format as required. Some of the responses could be strengthened.

0.5 Points

Attempted to respond but response is inaccurate/incorrect-justification lacks substance or is inaccurate. Strengths identified are superficial and does not indicate a depth of knowledge regarding the design of the study or address the design of the study expected of a BSN student.

Responses regarding the metaparadigm are mostly accurate.

Does not provide responses in a table format as required.

0 Points

Not addressed or no table provided

17. Personal Thoughts •Synopsis of critiquing ability as related to personal learning, being a member of a group and the professional nurse as a lifelong learner.

1 Points

Identification of learning demonstrates self-reflection and appropriate to the intent of the Critical Thinking Papers.

Identifies one strength and one area for improvement as related to the weekly Critical Thinking assignments. Describes the individual student’s active participation within the group. Concludes with a philosophical statement focusing on the role of professional nurse as a lifelong learner related to nursing research and being a “consumer of nursing research”.

0.66 Points

Strengths and area for improvement not clearly described. Identification of strengths and learning could be enhanced and demonstrate self-reflection. Minimal reflection on contributions to the group in completing the weekly assignments.

Includes a minimally scholarly statement concerning the role of the professional nurse as a lifelong learner and being a “consumer of nursing research”.

0.33 Points

Attempted to respond but response is superficial and does not demonstrate self-insight into critiquing abilities, group involvement or self-learning. Speaks to learning but avoids relating to nursing research and the professional nurse as a lifelong learner and being a “consumer of nursing research”.

0 Points

Not addressed.

Use of APA

according to the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.).

Additionally, use of good grammar, spelling and proofreading work is required.

2 points

No APA errors whatsoever, congratulations! No grammar or spelling errors.

1 point

Only minor errors in APA rules for format, citation in text and reference list; revisit some of the common errors in APA. Minimal grammar or spelling errors.

0.5 points

Four (4) or more grammar/spelling/APA errors

0 points

Little attention to APA rules for citation in text and reference list, errors in basic format; need to crack the APA manual.