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Final-Outline__AspectsofYouthvaping.docxYouth Vaping Outline
I. Introduction
A) The introduction of e-cigarettes (Consumer Advocates for Smoke Free Alternatives Association, 2019).
B) Popularity with youth (Giovacchini et al., 2017)
1. It is an epidemic (Kilpatrick, 2020).
C) How to reduce exposure
II. The most affected generation with vaping
A) Teenagers and young adults (Kilpatrick, 2020).
1. Stats
2. Generation Z (pewresearch.org, 2020)
B) Social values and social prioritization
C) Variant motivations (McCausland et al., 2020)
III. Public health campaigns and policies
A) The government (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2016).
1. Local state, and national
2. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA
B) Truth Initiative Plan (truthiniative.org, 2020)
C) The Real Cost initiative (fda.gov, 2020)
IV. The role of advertisements
A) Sources accessible to youths
1. Social media (Dobbs et al., 2020).
2. Store front visuals
3. Vape pens marketing practices (Hammond et al., 2020).
B) Vaping advertisements (Cho et al., 2019).
1. Legislation liberalizing the e-cigarette industry
V. Pros vs. cons of vaping
A) Vape exposure to users/bystanders
1. Effect on human organs
2. Effects on ocular irritation, dermatitis, toxicity (Seiler-Ramadas et al., 2020).
B) Becoming a traditional smoker (Green et al., 2020).
1. Tobacco product influence (Chadi et al., 2020).
2. Public data on smoking (Levy et al., 2019)
C) Addiction (Dai & Soapbush, 2020).
1. Usage pattern (Gartner, 2018)
2. Health consequences (Messina, M. D. et al., 2020).
VI. Resolving the vaping dilemma
A) Understanding of the problem (Sanchez et al., 2020).
B) Mechanisms to control e-cigarettes usage
1. Education campaigns
2. Implementing indoor-use restrictions
3. Raising the products prices (King et al., 2020).
C) Awareness of health (Vu et al., 2020).
D) Effective regulations on the advertisements (Miech et al., 2017).
VII. Outcomes for solving vaping
A) Cessation tools (Sisson, 2020).
1. Not on Tobacco (N-O-T) (lung.org, 2020)
2. Intervention for Nicotine Dependence: Education, Prevention, Tobacco and Health (INDEPTH) in school (lung.org, 2020)
3. Get Your Head Out of the Cloud for Parents (lung.org, 2020)
A) Throughout the review, it is observed that vaping has adverse health effects on the youths
B) Brief outcome of Federal, State and Local campaigns
References
American Lung Association (2020). American lung association | American lung association. Retrieved from https://www.lung.org/
Dobbs, P., Clawson, A., Gowin, M., & Cheney, M. (2020). Where college students look for vaping information and what information they believe. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30615581
Dai, H., & Siahpush, M. (2020). Use of e-cigarettes for nicotine, marijuana, and just flavoring among U.S. youth. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 58(2), 244-249.
Essa, A., Macaraeg, J., Jagan, N., Kwon, D., Randhawa, S., Kruse, M., ... & Kaster, M. (2020). Review of cases of e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) and a brief review of the literature. Case Reports in Pulmonology, 2020.
Fataar, F., & Hammond, D. (2019). The prevalence of vaping and smoking as modes of delivery for nicotine and cannabis among youth in Canada, England and the United States. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(21), 4111. doi:10.3390/ijerph16214111
FDA. (2020, August 19). The real cost campaign. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/public-health-education/real-cost-campaign
Gartner, C. (2018). How can we protect youth from putative vaping gateway effects without denying smokers a less harmful option?. Addiction, 113(10), 1784-1785.
Hammond, D., Reid, J., Burkhalter, R., & Rynard, V. (2020, July 01). E-cigarette Marketing Regulations and Youth Vaping: Cross-Sectional Surveys, 2017–2019. Retrieved from https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/146/1/e20194020.
King, B. A., Jones, C. M., Baldwin, G. T., & Briss, P. A. (2020). The EVALI and youth vaping epidemics — implications for public health. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382(8), 689-691. doi: http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.trident.edu:2048/10.1056/NEJMp1916171
McCausland, K., Jancey, J., Leaver, T., Wolf, K., Freeman, B., & Maycock, B. (2020). Motivations for use, identity, and the vaper subculture: a qualitative study of Western Australian vapers' experiences. BMC public health, 20(1), 1-14.
Messina, M. D., Levin, T. L., Conrad, L. A., & Bidiwala, A. (2020). Vaping associated lung injury: A potentially life‐threatening epidemic in U.S. youth. Pediatric pulmonology.
Miech, R., Patrick, M. E., O'Malley, P. M., & Johnston, L. D. (2017). What are kids vaping? Results from a national survey of U.S. adolescents. Tobacco Control, 26(4), 386-391
Pew Research Center. (2020, July 28). Defining generations: Where Millennials end and Generation Z begins. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/01/17/where-millennials-end-and-generation-z-begins/
Shaleh, R. I. (2020). The Public Health Campaign: A Literature Review from the Point of Use of Media and Communication in Malaysia. International Journal of Science and Society, 2(4), 133-146.
Seiler-Ramadas, R., Sandner, I., Haider, S. et al. Health effects of electronic cigarette (e‑cigarette) use on organ systems and its implications for public health. Wien Klin Wochenschr (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-020-01711-z
Seemiller, C., & Grace, M. (2016). Generation Z goes to college. John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved from https://pubs.lib.umn.edu/index.php/jcotr/article/download/2919/2327/
Singh, A. P., & Dangmei, J. (2016). Understanding the generation Z: the future workforce. South-Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 3(3), 1-5.
Stalgaitis, C. A., Djakaria, M., & Jordan, J. W. (2020). The Vaping Teenager: Understanding the Psychographics and Interests of Adolescent Vape Users to Inform Health Communication Campaigns. Tobacco use insights, 13, 1179173X20945695
Sisson, J. (2020). The Effects and Implications of Vaping on the Youth Population. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/honors/937/.
Yule, J., & Tinson, J. (2016, August 31). Youth and the sociability of "Vaping". Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cb.1597
Vaping. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://truthinitiative.org/our-top-issues/vaping-issue
Van de Goor, I., Hämäläinen, R. M., Syed, A., Lau, C. J., Sandu, P., Spitters, H., ... & Aro, A. R. (2017). Determinants of evidence use in public health policymaking: Results from a study across six E.U. countries. Health policy, 121(3), 273-281.
