edits

The scores for Social capital and Health are higher for Saudi Arabia on the ranking of prosperity pillar while it has performed low in case of Personal freedom pillar. They have progressed in education through 19 places and fell in Business Environment by 16 locations (Legatum-Institute, 2017). The Legatum Prosperity Index has nine pillars that are economic quality, business environment, governance, education, health, safety and security, personal freedom, social capital and natural environment. As shows in figure 5, the ranking of Saudi Arabia with respect to each pillar on the Legatum Prosperity Index is described as under

1. Economic quality:

The score for Saudi Arabia on Economic Quality pillar is 63. It indicates need for improving efficiency of financial division for Saudi Arabia.

1. Business Environment:

The score for Saudi Arabia for Business Environment pillar is 66. It shows that Saudi Arabia requires more robustness in terms of corporate environment.

1. Governance:

Source: (Legatum-Institute, 2017)

The score for Governance for Saudi Arabia is 94. It indicates that there is a need for implementation of rule of law, political involvement and government control.

1. Health:

The score for Health pillar for Saudi Arabia is 34. It shows that the country has performed very well in this sector and the infrastructure of health is well built.

1. Safety and Security:

The score for Safety and Security is 74 for Saudi Arabia which shows that the personal freedom and country’s security should be improved.

1. Personal Freedom:

In case of Personal Freedom pillar, Saudi Arabia scores the lowest i.e. 135. There is a need to increase individual freedom in Saudi Arabia.

1. Social Capital:

In case of Social Capital, Saudi Arabia has shown great progress. The score for Social Capital for Saudi Arabia is 51.

1. Natural Environment:

The score for Natural Environment pillar for Saudi Arabia is 77 which indicates there is a need for preserving natural environment.

All these pillars have been shown on the spider chart. The points which are closer to the center show low performance and those pillars that are away from the center show higher performance (Legatum-Institute, 2017).

Source: (Legatum-Institute, 2017)

Measurement of prosperity in Group of Cities in Saudi Arabia by using City Prosperity Index:

Intro: what, why , comparesion between who

Result: describe in details (it has 6 dimensions so talk about each one in details) and the causes of the result why its high here and low here. …….

Prosperity in Saudi Cities (The Case of Dammam City):

Dammam is a city located in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is one of the cities which will be covered under the program launched by the joint collaboration of the United Nations and the Kingdom. The project is titled as the Future Saudi Cities Program (FSCP), under this program the authorities will work to increase the prosperity level of the cities of the country by providing all kinds of technical support.

The city of Dammam has the city prosperity index of 53% at the moment, which terms it as a moderately weak city on the prosperity scale. This is due to the lack of proper balance present between the various indicators of prosperity. It has been observed that some indicators have scored quite high on the index while others have scored very low. It has also been determined that the city has a very high and stable economic foundation while most of its other dimensions are quite weak. Although the city possesses weak prosperity level the residents are not deprived of the basic needs to a huge extent which shows that there is a huge possibility that the prosperity level of Dammam can be increased with some efforts on the government level. (Dammam CPI profile: Future Saudi Cities Program, 2016)

It can be said that Dammam is not very far away from reaching a proper balance in all its major indicators and dimensions. Therefore, it is not very difficult for the city to attain the status of a strongly prospers city on the city prosperity index. In the following table, the details of how Dammam has scored on the city prosperity index in each of its dimensions and their sub-dimensions.

Prepared By: The Author

Source: (UN-Habitat, Dammam CPI profile: Future Saudi Cities Program, 2016, pp. 8-14)

Now a comparison will be made between CPI of Dammam city and other major cities of Saudi Arabia. These cities include Makkah, Madina, Jeddah and Riyadh. Makkah is the most holy city in the world of Islam. The overall populace of the city is nearly 1.97 million (Makkah CPI profile: Future Saudi Cities Program, 2016, p. 4). Makkah is present at a distance of 73 km on east side of Jeddah. Above four million pilgrims are accommodated by Makkah who come from different parts of the world and Saudi Arabia as well (Makkah CPI profile: Future Saudi Cities Program, 2016, p. 6). Hajj makes an important influence upon metropolitan growth and expansion of Makkah. Madina is the city of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him). It is present at a distance of 250km towards east of the Red Sea. The area that is encompassed by Madina city is about 700 sq. km. The overall populace of Al Madina city is 1.278 million (UN-Habitat, Madina CPI profile: Future Saudi Cities Program, 2016, p. 5).

Then comes Jeddah. Jeddah is present on the West coastline of Saudi Arabia. It exists at a distance of 949km from Riyadh (UN-Habitat, Jeddah CPI profile: Future Saudi Cities Program, 2016, p. 5). The overall population of Jeddah is 4.1 million that makes it second biggest city of Saudi Arabia. It is a commercial hub of Saudi Arabia. The CPI score for Jeddah is 52.3 percent. It shows that Jeddah has weak factors to some extent. It has specifically shown weak performance in environmental sustainability. However other dimensions like infrastructure, productivity and metropolitan governance are also weak. Jeddah has performed well in quality of life dimension as compared to other dimension. The index for quality of life for Jeddah is 68% which shows somewhat good quality of life (UN-Habitat, Jeddah CPI profile: Future Saudi Cities Program, 2016, p. 12). Jeddah has performed the best in equity and social inclusion i.e. 70.5%. However, it has indicated the worst performance in case of environmental sustainability which is 29.1%. Riyadh is the first largest city of Saudi Arabia. It is capital city of Saudi Arabia and located at a distance of nearly 400km from Dammam on Arabian Gulf. The estimated populace of Riyadh in 2016 is 6.5 million. The total score of CPI for Riyadh is 59.2 percent which shows that prosperity factors are weak to some level but the city has obtained the approach of prosperity (UN-Habitat, Riyadh CPI profile: Future Saudi Cities Program, 2016, p. 10). Riyadh has shown the highest index for infrastructure among 17 cities i.e. 64.4 percent. Riyadh has performed very well in equity and social inclusion i.e. 84.9%. However, it has shown relatively low performance in environmental sustainability i.e. 32 %. The city is weak in availability of renewable sources of energy like other cities (UN-Habitat, Riyadh CPI profile: Future Saudi Cities Program, 2016, p. 15).

As mentioned before, the total score of CPI for Dammam on international scale of metropolitan prosperity is 53.3%. The index for productivity for Dammam is 57.4% (UN-Habitat, Dammam CPI profile: Future Saudi Cities Program, 2016, p. 9). It means that there are certain grey areas that need improvement. However, the productivity index for Dammam is higher as compared to Makkah, Madina and Jeddah but lower than the Riyadh city. The infrastructure index for Dammam is 59.3 percent. It is a relatively weak score. If it is compared with other cities, then it can be observed that it has performed almost similar to Madina city in case of this dimension but better than Jeddah and Makkah. But, the infrastructure index for Riyadh is higher as compared to Dammam. It means that indicators of social infrastructure for Dammam are not strong (UN-Habitat, Dammam CPI profile: Future Saudi Cities Program, 2016, p. 10). Dammam has performed well in case of quality of life. The index for quality of life for Dammam is 62.3 percent. Here Dammam has performed better than Makkah city but lower than all other three cities. Jeddah and Riyadh have almost similar index for quality of life. In case of equity and social inclusion, Dammam has performed better than Madina i.e. 62.6 percent but lower than all other cities. Riyadh has highest index for equity and social inclusion among all cities (UN-Habitat, Dammam CPI profile: Future Saudi Cities Program, 2016, p. 13). The index for environmental sustainability for Dammam is 45 percent. Here Dammam has performed very well as compared to other major cities of Saudi Arabia. The index for legislation and governance for Dammam is 21%. Here Dammam has performed very low as compared to Makkah, Madina and Jeddah.

By looking deeply at the six dimensions of prosperity index the following conclusions have been made:

· Dammam can easily attain the status of a highly prospers city and score high on the city prosperity index by improving a few of its dimensions like Environmental Sustainability Index and Legislation and Governance Index.

· Further improvement in the dimensions in which the city has already scored between 50% and 60% can also do wonders for it.

· Under the newly launched program (2030 vision) it can be predicted that Dammam and the other 16 cities of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabic will score high on the city prosperity index (Dammam CPI profile: Future Saudi Cities Program, 2016, p. 15).

Summary the Prosperity in Saudi Arabia:

we need to summarize each one. Like restate the resulte for each where is the best where is the lowest and mention the causes. (ANAISIS THE WHOLE CHAPTER)

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