Social Science - Sociology Week14 assignment
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FetterolfWorldwideOptimismAboutFutureofGenderEquality.pdf
FOR RELEASE APRIL 30, 2020
BY Juliana Horowitz and Janell Fetterolf
FOR MEDIA OR OTHER INQUIRIES:
Juliana Horowitz, Associate Director, Research Tanya Arditi, Communications Manager
202.419.4372
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RECOMMENDED CITATION
Pew Research Center, April, 2020, “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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About Pew Research Center
Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping America and the world. It does not take policy positions. The Center conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, content analysis and other data-driven social science research. It studies U.S. politics and policy; journalism and media; internet, science and technology; religion and public life; Hispanic trends; global attitudes and trends; and U.S. social and demographic trends. All of the Center’s reports are available at www.pewresearch.org. Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts, its primary funder.
© Pew Research Center 2020
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How we did this
This report explores cross-national perceptions of gender equality, including the opportunities available to men and women and the power they wield in family decisions. It also examines expectations for the future of gender equality across countries.
For this report, we used data from a survey conducted across 34 countries from May 13 to Oct. 2, 2019, totaling 38,426 respondents. The surveys were conducted face-to-face across Africa, Latin America and the Middle East, and on the phone in United States and Canada. In the Asia-Pacific region, face-to-face surveys were conducted in India, Indonesia and the Philippines, while phone surveys were administered in Australia, Japan and South Korea. Across Europe, the survey was conducted over the phone in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the UK, but face-to-face in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Slovakia and Ukraine.
Here are the questions used for the report, along with responses, and the survey methodology.
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Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men
Most say gender equality in their country is very important
Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q55c. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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Twenty-five years after the United Nations’ Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action pledged to take the necessary steps to “remove all obstacles to gender equality and the advancement and empowerment of women,” support for gender equality is strong around the globe. Across 34 countries surveyed by Pew Research Center, a median of 94% think it is important for women in their country to have the same rights as men, with 74% saying this is very important.
In many countries, women place more importance on gender equality than men do. However, women are less optimistic than men that women in their countries will achieve equality in the future, and they are more likely to say men have better lives than women.
While publics around the world embrace the idea of gender equality, at least four- in-ten think men generally have more opportunities than women in their country when it comes to getting high-paying jobs (a median of 54% across the 34 countries surveyed) and being leaders in their community (44%). Publics see more equity in access to a good education – a median of 81% believe men and women in their country generally have the same opportunities in this area – and expressing their political views (63% say men and women have the same opportunities). No more than 6% say women have more opportunities than men in any of these realms.
Majorities in most European countries surveyed, as well as in Japan, South Korea, Israel, Australia, Canada and the United States, say men in their country have more opportunities than women when it comes to getting high-paying jobs. When it comes to
Many think men have more opportunities than women when it comes to getting high-paying jobs % who say ___ when it comes to …
Note: Percentages are medians based on 34 countries. Don’t know responses not shown. Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q65a-d. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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being leaders in their communities, more than half in Nigeria, South Korea, Japan, Turkey, Israel, Lebanon, Italy, Tunisia, Greece, France and Slovakia think men in their country have more opportunities than women.
Despite widespread support for gender equality around the world, a notable share (a median of 40% across the countries surveyed) thinks men should have more right to a job than women when jobs are scarce; 56% disagree with this notion. In some countries, men are more likely than women to say men should have preferential treatment when jobs are scarce, with double-digit gender differences in Kenya, Nigeria, Bulgaria, South Africa, Israel, Slovakia, Italy, Argentina and the Czech Republic.
When asked who has a better life in their country, a 46% median across the 34 countries surveyed say men do, while 15% point to women and 31% volunteer that neither men nor women have a better life. Majorities in France, Spain, Sweden, the UK, Canada, the U.S., Turkey, Australia and the Netherlands think men have a better life than women in their country. Tunisia is the only country surveyed where more say women have a better life than say men do, although similar shares say women have a better life as say both men and women enjoy the same quality of life.
In most of the 34 countries surveyed, women are more likely than men to say men have a better life in their country. Gender differences are particularly large on this question in Greece (women are 27 percentage points more likely to say this), Slovakia (25 points), Italy (25), Canada (20), Brazil (20), Hungary (19) and Turkey (18).
The shares saying that men have a better life than women in their country have increased considerably since 2010 in many of the countries where trends are available – possibly as a result of increased awareness of gender issues spurred by the #MeToo Movement – with differences of at least 20 percentage points in Turkey, the UK, South Korea and Japan. Poland is the only country surveyed in both
More people now say men have a better life than women in their country % who say men have a better life than women in their country
2010 2019 Change % % Turkey 33 57 +24 UK 39 61 +22 South Korea 26 47 +21 Japan 29 49 +20 Spain 45 64 +19 Indonesia 29 48 +19 U.S. 39 57 +18 Argentina 27 39 +12 Mexico 27 39 +12 Brazil 42 52 +10 Kenya 36 42 +6 Poland 55 35 -20
Note: Only statistically significant differences shown. Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q59. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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years where a smaller share now says men have a better life than did so in 2010.
Despite seeing some advantages for men, most people express optimism about the future of gender equality in their country. A median of 75% across the 34 countries surveyed think it is likely that women in their country will eventually have the same rights as men, and 5% volunteer that women in their country have already achieved equality.
Men tend to be more optimistic than women about prospects for gender equality, with gender differences of at least 10 percentage points in 10 countries and smaller but significant differences in 11 others. For example, 77% of men in Japan – compared with 58% of women – say it’s likely that women in their country will eventually attain or already have the same rights as men. Nigeria and the Philippines are the only countries surveyed where a larger share of women than men are optimistic about gender equality.
Women less optimistic than men about gender equality in their country % of __ who say either it is likely that women in their country will eventually have the same rights as men or women already have the same rights as men
Note: Only statistically significant differences shown. Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q60. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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When it comes to family life, the sense is that men and women have about the same influence in making important decisions in their households. A 34-country median of 55% say both have roughly equal influence when it comes to important decisions about household finances, 56% say this about how to raise children and 62% say this of decisions about a family’s religious practices. To the extent that people see a difference, however, men are generally seen as having more of an influence than women when it comes to decisions about household finances, while women are generally seen as having more influence when it comes to decisions about raising children.
In nearly every country surveyed, majorities say that a marriage where both the husband and wife have jobs and take care of the home is more satisfying than one where the husband provides for the family and the wife takes care of the house and children. Even so, sizable shares in many countries say a more traditional marriage would be preferable, including about four-in-ten in India, Indonesia, Lebanon, Turkey and Tunisia.
These are among the major findings from a Pew Research Center survey conducted among 38,426 people in 34 countries from May 13 to Oct. 2, 2019.
Majorities think men and women have about the same influence in making important family decisions % who say that, in a family, ___ when it comes to making important decisions about …
Note: Percentages are medians based on 34 countries. Don’t know responses not shown. Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q64a-c. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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Most people agree it is important for women to have the same rights as men in their country. Across the 34 countries surveyed, a median of 94% hold this view, including nearly all in Sweden, the Netherlands, France, the U.S., Canada, Germany, Greece, Spain, Australia, Argentina, the UK and Hungary.
In addition, majorities in 30 nations say it is very important that men and women have the same rights in their country. The share who endorse this stronger sentiment varies across countries, however.
In Sweden, the most egalitarian country included in the survey based on indices from the World Economic Forum and the United Nations Development Program, 96% believe gender equality is very important. By comparison, substantially smaller shares hold this view in Tunisia (44%) and Nigeria (43%), two countries with relatively higher levels of gender inequality.
Most agree that gender equality is important % who say it is __ that women have the same rights as men in their country
Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q55c. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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93% 91
96 92 92
90 90
85 85 84
74 73
70 69
67 62
57 54
91 80
72 63
61 56
74 72
64 44
67 52
43
91 88
80
74
5% 7
3 7 5 9 8
13 12 14
21 21 23 26
24 26
31 35
7 14
17 25
22 36
19 19 28
24
14 19
26
7 7
16
18
98% 98
99 99 97 99 98 98 97 98 95 94 93 95 91 88
88 89
98 94 89 88 83 92
93 91 92 68
81 71 69
98 95 96
94
Canada U.S.
Sweden Netherlands
UK France
Germany Greece
Hungary Spain
Italy Bulgaria
Czech Rep. Poland
Slovakia Lithuania
Ukraine Russia
Australia Philippines
India Japan
Indonesia South Korea
Turkey Lebanon
Israel Tunisia
South Africa Kenya
Nigeria
Argentina Brazil
Mexico
Very important Somewhat important Total
34-COUNTRY MEDIAN
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Strong support for gender equality is also relatively less common in Kenya, Russia, South Korea and Ukraine.
Within each country, views of equality often differ by gender. In 20 nations, women are more likely than men to say gender equality is very important. This gender difference is largest in Kenya and Nigeria, where relatively small shares overall view equal rights as very important. More than half of women in Nigeria (54%) think gender equality is very important, compared with only 31% of men. And while 64% of Kenyan women say gender equality is very important, just 40% of Kenyan men express the same view. In many countries where overwhelming majorities endorse equality, men and women do not differ in their views.
The U.S. is the only country where men are more likely than women to say it is very important for men and women to have the same rights. But while the difference is statistically significant, it is fairly small: 93% of men hold this view, compared with 89% of women.
Educational attainment is also related to views of gender equality. In 26 countries, those with more education are more likely than those with less to believe it is very important for women to have the same rights as men.1 The largest differences are in Lithuania and the Czech Republic. Three-quarters or more of those with
1 For the purpose of comparing educational groups across countries, we standardize education levels based on the UN’s International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED). The lower education category is below secondary education and the higher category is secondary or above in Brazil, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Lebanon, Mexico, Nigeria, the Philippines, South Africa, Tunisia and Ukraine. In all other countries, the lower education category is secondary education or below and the higher category is postsecondary or above.
Larger shares of women than men say gender equality is very important in many countries % of __ who say it is very important that women have the same rights as men in their country
Note: Only statistically significant differences shown. Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q55c. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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more education in Lithuania (76%) and the Czech Republic (87%) hold this view, compared with 54% of Lithuanians and 66% of Czechs with less education. There are also educational differences of 10 percentage points or more in Italy, Bulgaria, South Korea, Mexico, the Philippines, Ukraine, Spain, Poland and Nigeria.
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In addition to viewing gender equality as important, most people are optimistic that women will eventually have the same rights as men in their country. Majorities in 30 of the 34 countries surveyed hold this view, including roughly 90% in the Netherlands, India, the Philippines and Mexico.
In the U.S., 75% believe gender equality is likely. An additional 14% volunteer the response that women already have the same rights as men. One-in-ten or more in most Central and Eastern European nations, as well as Ukraine, Greece, Italy, Russia, Israel and Tunisia, agree that women and men already have equal rights.
Despite widespread optimism globally, substantive shares in some of the countries surveyed say it is unlikely that women will eventually have the same rights as men in their country. About a quarter or more in Nigeria, Japan, Kenya, Turkey,
Majorities in most nations see gender equality as likely in their country % who say it is __ that women in their country will eventually have the same rights as men
Note: Don’t know responses not shown. Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q60. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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Israel, Tunisia, Spain and Hungary are pessimistic about the prospects for gender equality in their country.
Across many countries, women are less optimistic than men about the likelihood of attaining gender equality. For example, 77% of men in Japan think either men and women already have equal rights or that it is likely they will in the future, compared with 58% of Japanese women. Similar gender differences can be found in 20 other countries, including roughly 15 percentage point differences in Spain, South Korea, France, Italy and Brazil.
Nigeria and the Philippines are the only publics that show the opposite pattern: Larger shares of women than men say gender equality is likely. Half of men in Nigeria express this view, compared with 68% of women.
Women less optimistic than men about gender equality in their country % of __ who say either it is likely that women in their country will eventually have the same rights as men or women already have the same rights as men
Note: Only statistically significant differences shown. Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q60. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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Across the 34 countries surveyed, a median of 56% disagree with the notion that men should have more right to a job than women when jobs are scarce; 40% agree that men should receive preferential treatment in this situation.
In nearly all North American, Western European and Latin American countries surveyed – as well as in Australia, Lithuania, Hungary, Israel, the Czech Republic and Japan – majorities reject the idea that men should have more right to a job than women in tough economic times, as do pluralities in Poland and Bulgaria. This is particularly the case in Sweden, Canada, Spain, the Netherlands, the U.S., the UK, Australia, France and Germany, where roughly eight-in-ten or more disagree that men deserve preferential treatment when jobs are scarce.
In contrast, majorities in the African countries surveyed, as well as in India, the Philippines, Indonesia, Turkey and Lebanon, agree that men should have more right to a job than women when jobs are scarce. Roughly eight-in-ten say this in Tunisia and India.
Views on this remain virtually unchanged in most of the countries where the question has been previously asked (most recently in 2012 in Lebanon, Turkey and Tunisia and in 2010 in 15 other countries). Publics are now more likely to agree that men should have preferential
Views differ across globe on whether men should have more right to a job than women when jobs are scarce % who __ that, when jobs are scarce, men should have more right to a job than women
Note: Don’t know responses not shown. Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q62. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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85% 88
37 53 51
54 57 58
61 64
78 78
84 86 88
92
52 47
16 24 21
46 55
83
18 28
37 61
28 40 42
58 60
64
56
13% 11
59 46
42 40 40
37 35
28 22 20
14 14 12
7
45 43
79 75 73
52 43
15
81 70
61 36
70 58 57
39 37
34
40
U.S. Canada
Slovakia Greece Poland
Bulgaria Italy
Czech Rep. Hungary
Lithuania France
Germany UK
Netherlands Spain
Sweden
Russia Ukraine
India Philippines Indonesia
South Korea Japan
Australia
Tunisia Turkey
Lebanon Israel
Nigeria Kenya
South Africa
Mexico Argentina
Brazil
MEDIAN
Disagree Agree
34-COUNTRY MEDIAN
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treatment when jobs are scarce in Kenya (12 percentage points higher), Lebanon (+11 points) and Mexico (+11 points). Meanwhile, the shares saying men should have more right to a job in tough economic times have dropped in South Korea (8 percentage points less likely), Nigeria (-7 points) and Argentina (-6 points).
Across 30 of the 34 countries surveyed, those with less education are more likely to believe men should have more right to a job than women when jobs are scarce. For example, majorities of six- in-ten or more among those with less education in Turkey, Lebanon, Kenya, Slovakia, South Africa and South Korea agree, compared with roughly half or fewer of those with more education in these countries.
Income is also related to views on this. In most countries surveyed, those with lower incomes – equivalent to the median for their country or less – are more likely than those with higher incomes to say men should have more right to a job during tough economic times. In the U.S., Australia and much of Western Europe, those with lower incomes are at least twice as likely as those with higher incomes to believe men should receive preferential treatment when jobs are scarce. Still, only about a quarter or fewer across income groups in each of these countries say this.
In some countries, men are more likely than women to agree that men deserve preferential treatment when jobs are scarce, with double- digit differences in Kenya, Nigeria, Bulgaria, South Africa, Israel, Slovakia, Italy, Argentina and the Czech Republic.
There are also double-digit differences between the oldest and youngest age groups in South Korea, Brazil, Italy, Greece, Argentina, Poland, Lebanon, the Philippines, Israel, Australia, France and Spain: In each of these countries, adults ages 50 and older are more likely than those ages 18 to 29 to agree that men should have more right to a job during tough economic times.
In some countries, men are more likely than women to agree that men should have more right to a job in hard times % of __ who agree that, when jobs are scarce, men should have more right to a job than women
Note: Only statistically significant differences shown. Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q62. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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Though many people expect that their country will become more egalitarian in time, a median of 46% across the 34 countries surveyed say that, all things considered, men have a better life than women in their country.
Majorities in France, Spain, Sweden, the UK, Canada, the U.S., Turkey, Australia and the Netherlands say men have a better life than women in their country. Pluralities in many other countries express the same view.
The volunteered response that neither gender has a better life than the other is common in many countries, especially in Central and Eastern Europe. Roughly half or more provide this response in Ukraine, Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary and Lithuania.
A third or more in Tunisia, Kenya, South Korea and South Africa believe, all things considered, women have a better life than men. Tunisia is the only country surveyed where a larger share say women are better off (37%) than say men are (24%).
This question was last asked in a subset of countries in 2010. In many of these countries, the share who believe men have a better life than women has increased substantially. The largest change is in Turkey. Roughly one-third of people in Turkey said men had a better life than women in 2010, compared with 57% in 2019.
Few think women have a better life than men % who say __ have a better life in their country
Note: Don’t know responses not shown. Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q59. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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70% 64
62 61
59 57 57 56 56
52 52
50 49 48 47 47 46 46 45
42 42 41 40 39 39
36 35 34 34
30 26
24 22 21
46
15% 23
22 22
20 22
17 22 21 33
25 35
15 25
35 14
37 28
43 46
21 22
32 37
30 52 56
45 43
45 48
38 65
64
31
9% 11
8 12
14 15 23 15 18
12 15
11 25
16 13
35 13
22 6 9
35 33
26 17
19 7 6
20 21
13 9 37
6 10
15
France Spain
Sweden UK
Canada U.S.
Turkey Australia
Netherlands Israel Brazil
Germany Japan
Indonesia Lebanon
South Korea Slovakia
Nigeria Czech Rep.
Italy Kenya
South Africa Philippines
Mexico Argentina
Hungary Poland
India Greece Russia
Lithuania Tunisia Ukraine Bulgaria
Men Same (VOL) Women
34-COUNTRY MEDIAN
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Increases of roughly 20 percentage points or more can also be seen in the UK, South Korea, Japan, Spain, Indonesia and the U.S. Smaller increases can be seen in Argentina, Mexico, Brazil and Kenya. Poland is the only country where this share has decreased since 2010, from 55% to 35% in 2019.
As with other questions related to gender equality, men and women tend to hold different views. In 23 of the 34 countries surveyed, women are more likely than men to believe that men have a better life in their country. In Greece, almost half of women hold this view, compared with only 20% of men. Differences of 20 percentage points or more can also be seen in Slovakia, Italy, Canada and Brazil.
Nigeria stands out again for showing the opposite pattern. Men (51%) are more likely than women (42%) to say that men are better off in their country. Indonesia shows a similar pattern.
Women more likely to see men as having a better life % of __ who say men have a better life than women in their country
Note: All differences shown are statistically significant. In Russia, men were significantly less likely than women to answer the question. Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q59. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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Majorities or pluralities in 22 of the 34 countries surveyed say men generally have more opportunities for high-paying jobs than women, including about two-thirds or more in Sweden, France, Japan, South Korea, Israel, Spain, the UK, Australia and Canada. More than four-in-ten in Greece, Nigeria, Russia, Lebanon and Argentina also think men in their country have more opportunities when it comes to getting high-paying jobs, but similar shares think opportunities are generally the same for men and women.
In the Philippines, Indonesia, India, South Africa, Kenya and Mexico, majorities say men and women have similar opportunities when it comes to getting high-paying jobs; half in Tunisia share this view.
Across most of the countries surveyed, women are significantly more likely than men to say men in their country have more opportunities when it comes to getting high-paying jobs. About two-thirds of women in the U.S. (66%) believe men in their country have more opportunities for high-paying jobs, compared with about half of men in the U.S. (53%). And while majorities of men and women in Canada say men have more opportunities in this area, women are far more likely to say this is the case (77% vs. 55%, respectively). This pattern is
Many see more opportunities for men in getting high-paying jobs % who say __ in their country when it comes to getting high-paying jobs
Note: Don’t know responses not shown. Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q65c. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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66% 60
79 77
70 69
63 62 62 61 60
57 54 54
52 48
51 46
75 75
69 28
22 17
72 49
45 30
47 32 31
52 45
36
54
31% 38
19 21
29 29
34 34 32 35 37
39 35 36 44
48
41 47
23 24
29 62
68 77
23 29
47 50
42 57 57
38 46
56
38
2% 2
1 1 1 2 2
4 5
1 2 1
7 7
2 2
3 3
1 1 1
7 4
6
3 17
6 19
11 9
10
8 6 6
3
Canada U.S.
Sweden France Spain
UK Italy
Netherlands Slovakia
Czech Rep. Germany Hungary
Lithuania Poland
Bulgaria Greece
Ukraine Russia
Japan South Korea
Australia India
Indonesia Philippines
Israel Turkey
Lebanon Tunisia
Nigeria South Africa
Kenya
Brazil Argentina
Mexico
Men have more opportunities
About the same
Women have more opportunities
34-COUNTRY MEDIAN
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evident in nearly every European country surveyed (Greece and Lithuania are the exception), as well as in Australia, Ukraine, Brazil, South Korea, Russia, Argentina and Japan.
When it comes to opportunities to be leaders in their community, majorities in Nigeria, South Korea, Japan, Turkey, Israel, Lebanon, Italy, Tunisia, Greece and France say men in their country have more opportunities than women; about half in Slovakia say the same.
Even in many countries where majorities or pluralities believe men and women in their country generally have the same opportunities to be leaders in their community, sizable shares say men have more opportunities than women. For example, about four-in-ten or more in Spain, Canada, the U.S., Brazil, South Africa, India, Russia and Australia say this is the case in their country.
For the most part, men and women offer similar views on this. But to the extent that there is a difference, women tend to be more likely than men to see an advantage for men in getting opportunities to be leaders in their community. The exception is Kenya, where men (53%) are more likely than women (43%) to say men have more opportunities to be leaders in their community.
Men seen as having more opportunities to be leaders in their community % who say __ in their country when it comes to being leaders in their community
Note: Don’t know responses not shown. Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q65a. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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43% 40
59 57
55 53
48 47 47
45 44
42 39
36 32
29
39 38
72 66
39 38
36 20
66 65
61 58
79 48
39
39 29 28
44
54% 55
36 41
41 39 47 49 52
52 55
46 47
59 55
53
45 50
22 32
51 57
54 74
23 31
35 32
17 46
49
50 64 64
49
3% 4
2 1 3
6 2 1 1 2 1
2 10
3 2
9
5 4
6 2
7 4
3 5
7 3 3
5
3 5
9
6 4 7
4
Canada U.S.
Italy Greece France
Slovakia Sweden Hungary
Netherlands UK
Spain Bulgaria
Poland Germany
Czech Rep. Lithuania
Ukraine Russia
South Korea Japan India
Australia Indonesia
Philippines
Turkey Israel
Lebanon Tunisia
Nigeria Kenya
South Africa
Brazil Argentina
Mexico
Men have more opportunities
About the same
Women have more opportunities
34-COUNTRY MEDIAN
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In 30 of the 34 countries surveyed, majorities or pluralities think men and women in their country have about the same opportunities when it comes to expressing their political views. About half in Japan also believe this, but an identical share says men have more opportunities than women.
More than six-in-ten Nigerians (64%) say men in their country have more opportunities than women when it comes to expressing their political views, as do 55% in South Korea and 53% in Turkey. Even in countries where majorities or pluralities believe men and women have about the same opportunities in this area, the shares saying men have more opportunities than women exceed the shares saying women have more opportunities by at least 10 percentage points.
Opinions on this generally do not vary significantly by gender, but in nine countries, women are far more likely than men to say men in their country have more opportunities to express their political views. For example, in South Korea, a majority of women (60%) think men in their country have more opportunities to express their political views, compared with 49% of South Korean men.
Gender gaps are also evident in the Netherlands (41% of women vs. 28% of men say men have
In most countries, men and women seen as having similar opportunities to express political views % who say __ in their country when it comes to expressing their political views
Note: Don’t know responses not shown. Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q65d. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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32% 29
40 35
33 31 30 30 29
27 27 27 26
23 21 21
36 23
55 48
37 29
19 17
53 42
40 38
64 40
32
40 27 26
31
63% 67
57 63
60 66 66 67
63 71 69
55 73
75 71 74
55 70
42 48
54 67
71 78
37 54 57
51
33 53
57
54 68 69
63
4% 4
2 2
5 2
1 2
5 2 3
9 0 2
1 2
2 3
3 3
4 3
2 4
7 3 2
7
2 6
8
3 3 4
3
U.S. Canada
France Netherlands
Slovakia UK
Hungary Italy
Poland Spain
Germany Lithuania
Greece Sweden Bulgaria
Czech Rep.
Russia Ukraine
South Korea Japan India
Australia Indonesia
Philippines
Turkey Israel
Lebanon Tunisia
Nigeria Kenya
South Africa
Brazil Argentina
Mexico
Men have more opportunities
About the same
Women have more opportunities
34-COUNTRY MEDIAN
20
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more opportunities), Australia (36% vs. 23%), Spain (34% vs. 21%), Canada (34% vs. 23%), France (45% vs. 35%), the UK (36% vs. 27%), the U.S. (36% vs. 28%) and the Czech Republic (24% vs. 17%).
Kenya is the only country surveyed where men are more likely than women to say men in their country have more opportunities to express their political views. More than four-in-ten Kenyan men (45%) say this, compared with 35% of Kenyan women.
When it comes to getting a good education, majorities in all but one country surveyed – ranging from 64% in Brazil to 91% in Greece – say men and women in their country have about the same opportunities. About half say the same in Turkey.
One-third of the public in Turkey and about one-in-five in Nigeria, Israel, France, Slovakia, Brazil, Japan and South Korea think men in their country have more opportunities than women when it comes to getting a good education; smaller shares in these countries think women have more opportunities than men.
Tunisia is the only country surveyed where a significantly larger share says women have more opportunities than men to get a good education than say men have more opportunities than women. About a quarter of Tunisians (24%) see women as having more opportunities in this area, compared with 6%
Most see gender parity in opportunities for getting a good education % who say __ in their country when it comes to getting a good education
Note: Don’t know responses not shown. Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q65b. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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14% 7
20 20
17 13 13 11
11 11
10 8 7 7
6 5
9 7
19 19
12 10 8 7
33 21
6 5
22 11 7
20 12 7
11
76% 88
74 71 78
71 75
86 83 85
80 85 88 88 91
87
81 86
76 75
76 84 86 86
52 65
70 83
69 78
77
64 82
86
81
9% 5
5 8 5
10 10
3 4 4
9 5
2 2 3
8
6 4
4 5
10 5
2 6
13 13 24 12
8 10 14
12 5 6
6
U.S. Canada
France Slovakia
UK Lithuania
Poland Spain
Italy Germany Sweden Bulgaria
Czech Rep. Hungary Greece
Netherlands
Russia Ukraine
Japan South Korea
India Australia
Indonesia Philippines
Turkey Israel
Tunisia Lebanon
Nigeria Kenya
South Africa
Brazil Mexico
Argentina
Men have more opportunities
About the same
Women have more opportunities
34-COUNTRY MEDIAN
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who say men do; 70% believe men and women have about the same opportunities to get a good education.
With the exception of Turkey, majorities of men and women across the countries surveyed believe both genders have about the same opportunities when it comes to getting a good education. And for the most part, differences in how men and women see this are modest at best.
Across the 34 countries surveyed, a median of 55% say that, in a family, men and women have about the same influence when it comes to making important decisions about household finances; 23% say men generally have more influence and 15% say women do.
To the extent that people see one gender having more influence when it comes to making important decisions about household finances, men are generally seen as having more influence than women. In 16 of the 34 countries surveyed, more say men have more influence than say women do by a margin of at least 10 percentage points. The gap is particularly wide in Nigeria, where 61% say men generally have more influence in this area (compared with 10% who say women do), Turkey (54% vs. 11%), Israel (44% vs. 11%), Lebanon (40% vs. 10%) and Sweden (37% vs. 9%). In each of these
In many countries, sizable shares say men have more influence than women in decisions about household finances % who say that, in a family, __ when it comes to making important decisions about household finances
Note: Don’t know responses not shown. Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q64a. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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23% 22
41 37 37
34 30
25 25
22 22 22 21
19 18 17
25 21
34 23 22
19 16
12
54 44
40 37
61 33
22
24 18
14
23
63% 64
37 37
54 46 59
61 62
49 52 56
64 61
72 62
48 53
52 53
62 62
54 68
34 44
49 47
29 51
56
56 71
65
55
13% 11
18 24
9 18
10 13 11
28 25 20
14 18
9 21
21 22
13 24
15 14
29 19
11 11 10
15
10 15
20
19 10
19
15
U.S. Canada
Lithuania Slovakia Sweden
Czech Rep. Italy UK
Bulgaria Poland Greece
Hungary Germany
France Spain
Netherlands
Ukraine Russia
India South Korea
Australia Indonesia
Japan Philippines
Turkey Israel
Lebanon Tunisia
Nigeria Kenya
South Africa
Brazil Mexico
Argentina
Men have more influence
About the same
Women have more influence
34-COUNTRY MEDIAN
22
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countries, people are at least four times as likely to say men have more influence as they are to say women do.
Among European publics, majorities or pluralities in 12 of 14 countries surveyed say men and women generally have about the same influence in making important decisions about household finances. The only two European countries surveyed where this is not the case are Lithuania and Slovakia, where similar or equal shares say both genders have about the same influence as say men have more influence in this area.
Majorities in the three Latin American countries surveyed – Mexico, Argentina and Brazil – say men and women have about the same influence in making important decisions about household finances. This is also the case in the Philippines, Canada, the U.S., Australia, Indonesia and South Africa.
Japan is the only country where the share saying women have more influence when it comes to making important decisions about household finances is significantly larger than the share saying men do (29% vs. 16%). Still, 54% in Japan say men and women generally have about the same influence.
In most of the countries surveyed, men and women have similar views on this question, but where differences emerge, men are typically more likely than women to say men in their country have more influence when it comes to important decisions about household finances, while women are more likely to say either women do or that both are about equal. For example, 61% of men in Turkey (vs. 48% of women) say men in their country have more influence than women. The UK is the only country surveyed where women are more likely than men to say men have more influence when it comes to making important decisions about household finances.
Larger shares of men than women say men have more influence in decisions about household finances % of __ who say that, in a family, men generally have more influence when it comes to making important decisions about household finances
Note: All differences shown are statistically significant. Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q64a. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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When it comes to who in a family has more influence when it comes to making important decisions about how to raise children, a median of 56% across the 34 countries surveyed say men and women have about the same influence; 39% say women have more influence and just 6% say men do.
Majorities in 18 of the 34 countries surveyed say that, in a family, men and women have about the same influence when it comes to making important decisions about how to raise children. Still, in nearly every country, far larger shares say women have more influence in this area than say men do. And in seven of the 34 countries – Lithuania, Greece, Lebanon, Slovakia, Israel, the Czech Republic and Turkey – majorities or pluralities say women in their country have more influence than men in making important decisions about raising children.
Men and women generally agree in their assessments of who has more influence when it comes to decisions about how to raise children, but there are exceptions. For example, in Brazil, women (43%) are more likely than men (34%) to say women in their country have more influence in making important decisions in this area; in turn, Brazilian men (61%) are more likely then Brazilian women (52%) to say both have about the same influence.
When it comes to decisions about child rearing, many say women have more influence than men % who say that, in a family, __ when it comes to making important decisions about how to raise children
Note: Don’t know responses not shown. Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q64b. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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4% 3
11 8 7 7 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2
7 6
8 6 6 6 5 4
13 12 7
3
15 11 8
6 4 3
6
57% 58
33 40
31 45
56 59 59
80 56 60
48 59
40 60
52 48
73 46
52 80
55 58
38 34 47
40
48 60
51
72 56
71
56
37% 37
55 50
59 47
39 35 35
15 40 35
46 38
58 37
39 45
15 48
41 14
38 37
49 54
46 57
37 29
40
21 39
25
39
U.S. Canada
Slovakia Czech Rep.
Lithuania Poland
Italy France
Sweden Spain
UK Bulgaria Hungary
Netherlands Greece
Germany
Russia Ukraine
Indonesia South Korea
India Philippines
Japan Australia
Turkey Israel
Tunisia Lebanon
Nigeria Kenya
South Africa
Mexico Brazil
Argentina
Men have more influence
About the same
Women have more influence
34-COUNTRY MEDIAN
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Across the 34 countries surveyed, a median of 62% say that, in a family, men and women generally have about the same influence when it comes to making important decisions about their family’s religious practices; 18% say women have more influence, while 14% say men do.
Across most of the countries surveyed, majorities or pluralities say men and women have about the same influence when it comes to making important decisions about their family’s religious practices. There are a few exceptions to this pattern. In Sweden, Israel and Nigeria, similar shares say men and women have about the same influence as say men have more influence than women in this area. And in Lithuania, 37% say men and women have the same influence and 41% say women have more influence.
In Israel, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa, men are more likely than women to say that men in their country have more influence when it comes to making important decisions about their family’s religious practices. About half of men in Israel (51%) and Nigeria (49%) say this, compared with 38% of Israeli women and 36% of Nigerian women. And while about three-in- ten South African (28%) and Kenyan (31%) men say men in their country have more
Most see gender parity when it comes to making decisions about religion % who say that, in a family, ___ when it comes to making important decisions about their family’s religious practices
Note: Don’t know responses not shown. Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q64c. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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17% 14
45 29
23 20
15 13
10 10 9 8 8 8
5 4
13 9
22 18 17
14 12 8
44 20 19
16
43 25 24
6 5 4
14
63% 64
45 63
65 66
44 69
53 76
37 53
61 64
61 54
57 54
70 67 67
57 80
64
42 65
51 70
45 52 53
74 56
70
62
14% 19
3 6
7 10
36 10
15 10
41 34 21
24 22 41
17 27
4 10 10
28 7
26
10 13
28 14
12 21 20
18 36
23
18
Canada U.S.
Sweden Netherlands
UK France
Slovakia Germany
Czech Rep. Spain
Lithuania Poland
Hungary Italy
Bulgaria Greece
Russia Ukraine
Indonesia Australia
Japan India
Philippines South Korea
Israel Tunisia Turkey
Lebanon
Nigeria Kenya
South Africa
Mexico Brazil
Argentina
Men have more influence
About the same
Women have more influence
34-COUNTRY MEDIAN
25
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influence over important decisions about their family’s religious practices, two-in-ten women in each of those countries say the same.
In turn, women in Brazil, South Korea, Nigeria, Russia, France and Lebanon are more likely than their male counterparts to say women have more influence in making important decisions about their family’s religious practices. The gender difference is largest in Brazil, where 42% of women – vs. 29% of men – hold this view.
A median of 72% across the 34 countries surveyed say a marriage where both the husband and wife have jobs and take care of the house and children is a more satisfying way of life than one where the husband provides for the family and the wife takes care of the house and children. The shares saying that a more egalitarian marriage is better are lowest in Lithuania, Tunisia and Indonesia.
Publics in Sweden, France and Spain are the most likely to say an egalitarian marriage is preferable to one where the husband provides for the family and the wife takes care of the house and children. This view is also widespread in Brazil, Germany, the Netherlands, Greece, Kenya, Bulgaria, the UK, South Korea, Italy and Argentina, where at least three-quarters say the same.
Majorities across the globe prefer an egalitarian marriage % who see a marriage where ___ as a more satisfying way of life
Note: Volunteered “other,” “neither” and don’t know responses not shown. Source: Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. Q61. “Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men”
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15% 21
3 7 7 15 19 23 16 17 22
25 27 29
34 33
29 28
21 19 23
32 40
46
29 39 37
49
20 22
33
17 23 22
23
74% 68
93 91 90
79 78 77 76 76 75
71 69 67
60 53
68 60
76 72
69 66
58 49
66 59 57
50
77 73
67
80 75 74
72
Canada U.S.
Sweden France Spain
Germany Netherlands
Greece Bulgaria
UK Italy
Hungary Poland
Slovakia Czech Rep.
Lithuania
Russia Ukraine
South Korea Japan
Australia Philippines
India Indonesia
Israel Lebanon
Turkey Tunisia
Kenya South Africa
Nigeria
Brazil Argentina
Mexico
MEDIAN
The husband provides for family and the wife takes
care of home and children
34-COUNTRY MEDIAN
The husband and wife both work and take care of home and children
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In Tunisia and Indonesia, views on the more satisfying type of marriage are split. About half in each country prefer a marriage where the husband and wife both have jobs and take care of the house, while similar shares prefer a marriage with more traditional gender roles.
Even in some countries where majorities or pluralities prefer an egalitarian marriage, substantial shares say a marriage where the husband provides for the family and the wife takes care of the house and family would be more satisfying. For example, a third or more in India, Lebanon, Turkey, the Czech Republic, Nigeria and Lithuania say a more traditional marriage would be preferable.
Views on this vary somewhat by gender, but the differences tend to be relatively small, even in some countries where they are statistically different. In Poland, Turkey and Argentina, women are more likely than men to prefer an egalitarian marriage by a double-digit margin (10 percentage points in Poland, 11 points in Turkey and 12 points in Argentina).
Opinions vary more widely across educational attainment. Those with more education more likely to prefer a marriage where both the husband and wife have jobs and take care of the house and children in most of the countries surveyed. In fact, in 17 countries, those with more education are more likely to say this by 10 or more points, including difference of at least 20 points in Turkey (25 points more likely), Lebanon (21 points) and Brazil (20 points).
Age is also linked to views on what type of marriage is preferable in about half of the countries surveyed, with people younger than 30 more likely than those ages 50 and older to say a marriage where both the husband and wife have jobs and take care of the house and children is the more satisfying way of life. The difference is particularly pronounced in Lithuania, where 71% of those younger than 30 prefer an egalitarian marriage, compared with 43% of those ages 50 and older. There are also double-digit age differences in the U.S., Canada, Italy, the UK, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Australia, South Korea, Lebanon, Tunisia, Argentina, Brazil and Mexico.
Preference for an egalitarian marriage has increased in three of the 16 countries where this question was also asked in 2010 (by 11 percentage points in South Korea, 8 points in Argentina and 6 points in Nigeria). In contrast, smaller shares now see an egalitarian marriage as preferable in Turkey, Indonesia, Russia and Germany. The steepest decline is in Turkey. About six-in-ten (57%) now say a marriage where both the husband and wife have jobs and take care of the house and children is the more satisfying way of life, compared with 72% a decade ago.
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Acknowledgments This report is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis of the following individuals.
Juliana Horowitz, Associate Director, Research Janell Fetterolf, Research Associate Tanya Arditi, Communications Manager James Bell, Vice President, Global Strategy Alexandra Castillo, Research Associate Jeremiah Cha, Research Assistant Aidan Connaughton, Research Assistant Stefan S. Cornibert, Communications Manager Claudia Deane, Vice President, Research Kat Devlin, Research Associate Moira Fagan, Research Analyst Shannon Greenwood, Digital Producer Christine Huang, Research Analyst Michael Keegan, Senior Information Graphics Designer David Kent, Copy Editor Nicholas O. Kent, Research Assistant Colin Lahiff, Communications Associate Gar Meng Leong, Communications Associate Clark Letterman, Senior Researcher J.J. Moncus, Research Assistant Martha McRoy, Research Methodologist Mara Mordecai, Research Assistant Patrick Moynihan, Associate Director, International Research Methods Stacy Pancratz, Research Methodologist Kim Parker, Director, Social Trends Research Jacob Poushter, Associate Director, Global Attitudes Research Audrey Powers, Senior Operations Associate Shannon Schumacher, Research Associate Laura Silver, Senior Researcher Richard Wike, Director, Global Attitudes Research
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Methodology
About Pew Research Center’s Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey Results for the survey are based on telephone and face-to-face interviews conducted under the direction of Gallup and Abt Associates. The results are based on national samples, unless otherwise noted. More details about our international survey methodology and country-specific sample designs are available here.
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Topline questionnaire Pew Research Center
Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey April 30, 2020 Release
Methodological notes:
• Survey results are based on national samples. For further details on sample designs, see
Methodology section and our international survey methods database.
• Due to rounding, percentages may not total 100%. The topline “total” columns show 100%,
because they are based on unrounded numbers.
• Since 2007, Pew Research Center has used an automated process to generate toplines for
its Global Attitudes surveys. As a result, numbers may differ slightly from those published
prior to 2007.
• For some countries, trends for certain years are omitted due to differences in sample
design or population coverage. Omitted trends often reflect less representative samples
than more recent surveys in the same countries. Trends that are omitted include:
- India prior to Winter 2013-2014
- Brazil prior to 2010
- Nigeria prior to 2010
- Indonesia prior to 2005
• Not all questions included in the Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey are presented in this
topline. Omitted questions have either been previously released or will be released in
future reports.
Q55c. How important is it to have the following things in our country? Is it very important, somewhat important, not too important or not important at all? c. women have the same rights
as men
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not important at all DK/Refused Total
United States Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
Canada Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
France Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
Germany Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
Greece Spring, 2019
Italy Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
Netherlands Spring, 2019
Spain Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
Sweden Spring, 2019
United Kingdom Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
Bulgaria Spring, 2019
Czech Republic Spring, 2019
Hungary Spring, 2019
Spring, 2016
Lithuania Spring, 2019
Poland Spring, 2019
Spring, 2016
Spring, 2015
Slovakia Spring, 2019
Russia Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
Ukraine Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
Australia Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
India Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
Indonesia Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
Japan Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
Philippines Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
South Korea Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
Israel Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
Lebanon Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
Tunisia Spring, 2019
Turkey Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
91 7 0 1 0 100
91 7 1 0 0 100
93 5 0 1 1 100
94 4 1 1 1 100
90 9 0 1 0 100
83 13 2 1 0 100
90 8 2 1 0 100
92 7 1 0 0 100
85 13 2 0 0 100
74 21 2 2 1 100
82 13 3 1 1 100
92 7 1 0 0 100
84 14 1 1 0 100
88 11 1 0 0 100
96 3 0 0 0 100
92 5 1 2 0 100
92 6 1 0 1 100
73 21 4 0 1 100
70 23 4 1 2 100
85 12 2 0 0 100
77 18 2 2 1 100
62 26 6 2 4 100
69 26 3 1 1 100
69 27 3 0 1 100
64 30 4 1 2 100
67 24 7 1 0 100
54 35 6 3 2 100
58 33 6 1 1 100
57 31 7 2 2 100
57 30 8 2 3 100
91 7 1 0 0 100
92 7 1 1 0 100
72 17 4 3 3 100
71 20 3 2 3 100
61 22 9 3 5 100
44 34 15 3 4 100
63 25 8 2 1 100
60 30 7 1 2 100
80 14 4 2 0 100
59 33 8 0 0 100
56 36 6 2 1 100
64 31 3 1 1 100
64 28 6 2 1 100
69 22 7 1 0 100
72 19 5 3 0 100
75 18 5 1 0 100
44 24 18 12 2 100
74 19 4 2 1 100
48 23 12 10 6 100
52 19 15 12 0 100
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Q55c. How important is it to have the following things in our country? Is it very important, somewhat important, not too important or not important at all? c. women have the same rights
as men
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not important at all DK/Refused Total
Kenya Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
Nigeria Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
South Africa Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
Argentina Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
Brazil Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
Mexico Spring, 2019
Spring, 2015
52 19 15 12 0 100
45 31 16 8 0 100
43 26 15 15 1 100
54 24 14 7 0 100
67 14 10 8 1 100
67 21 7 3 2 100
91 7 1 1 0 100
82 15 3 0 0 100
88 7 1 2 1 100
82 15 2 1 0 100
80 16 3 0 1 100
73 19 5 2 1 100
Q59. All things considered, who has a better life in this country – men or women?
Men Women Same (DO NOT
READ) DK/Refused Total
United States Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Canada Spring, 2019
France Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Spring, 1991
Germany Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Spring, 1991
Greece Spring, 2019
Italy Spring, 2019
Spring, 1991
Netherlands Spring, 2019
Spain Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Spring, 1991
Sweden Spring, 2019
United Kingdom Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Spring, 1991
Bulgaria Spring, 2019
Spring, 1991
Czech Republic Spring, 2019
Spring, 1991
Hungary Spring, 2019
Spring, 1991
Lithuania Spring, 2019
Spring, 1991
57 15 22 7 100
39 23 24 15 100
59 14 20 7 100
70 9 15 7 100
75 14 9 2 100
44 10 44 3 100
50 11 35 5 100
49 15 27 9 100
44 9 42 5 100
34 21 43 2 100
42 9 46 2 100
33 19 46 3 100
56 18 21 5 100
64 11 23 2 100
45 16 33 5 100
35 14 47 4 100
62 8 22 9 100
61 12 22 5 100
39 16 36 9 100
54 11 29 6 100
21 10 64 5 100
42 15 33 10 100
45 6 43 6 100
53 5 38 5 100
36 7 52 5 100
42 8 43 7 100
26 9 48 17 100
69 6 20 5 100
35 6 56 3 100
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Q59. All things considered, who has a better life in this country – men or women?
Men Women Same (DO NOT
READ) DK/Refused Total
Poland Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Spring, 1991
Slovakia Spring, 2019
Spring, 1991
Russia Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Spring, 1991
Ukraine Spring, 2019
Spring, 1991
Australia Spring, 2019
India Spring, 2019
Indonesia Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Japan Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Philippines Spring, 2019
South Korea Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Israel Spring, 2019
Lebanon Spring, 2019
Spring, 2012
Tunisia Spring, 2019
Spring, 2012
Turkey Spring, 2019
Spring, 2012
Spring, 2010
Kenya Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Nigeria Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
South Africa Spring, 2019
Argentina Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Brazil Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Mexico Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
35 6 56 3 100
55 15 25 6 100
48 6 41 5 100
46 13 37 3 100
53 5 38 4 100
30 13 45 11 100
29 14 52 5 100
64 7 21 9 100
22 6 65 6 100
73 6 16 5 100
56 15 22 7 100
34 20 45 2 100
48 16 25 11 100
29 15 55 1 100
49 25 15 11 100
29 47 20 5 100
40 26 32 1 100
47 35 14 4 100
26 49 23 3 100
52 12 33 2 100
47 13 35 4 100
19 32 45 4 100
24 37 38 1 100
28 41 29 2 100
57 23 17 3 100
41 31 25 3 100
33 27 38 2 100
42 35 21 3 100
36 28 34 2 100
46 22 28 3 100
46 25 26 3 100
41 33 22 4 100
39 19 30 11 100
27 21 46 6 100
52 15 25 8 100
42 30 27 1 100
39 17 37 7 100
27 14 56 3 100
In 1991, 'same' was a volunteered category for Russia, Ukraine and Lithuania.
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Q60. How likely do you think it is that women in our country will eventually have the same rights as men – very likely, somewhat likely, not too likely or not at all likely?
Very likely Somewhat
likely Not too likely Not at all
likely
Women already have
the same rights as men
(DO NOT READ) DK/Refused Total
United States Spring, 2019
Canada Spring, 2019
France Spring, 2019
Germany Spring, 2019
Greece Spring, 2019
Italy Spring, 2019
Netherlands Spring, 2019
Spain Spring, 2019
Sweden Spring, 2019
United Kingdom Spring, 2019
Bulgaria Spring, 2019
Czech Republic Spring, 2019
Hungary Spring, 2019
Lithuania Spring, 2019
Poland Spring, 2019
Slovakia Spring, 2019
Russia Spring, 2019
Ukraine Spring, 2019
Australia Spring, 2019
India Spring, 2019
Indonesia Spring, 2019
Japan Spring, 2019
Philippines Spring, 2019
South Korea Spring, 2019
Israel Spring, 2019
Lebanon Spring, 2019
Tunisia Spring, 2019
Turkey Spring, 2019
Kenya Spring, 2019
Nigeria Spring, 2019
South Africa Spring, 2019
Argentina Spring, 2019
Brazil Spring, 2019
Mexico Spring, 2019
45 30 7 3 14 1 100
51 33 7 2 7 1 100
40 39 13 5 2 0 100
48 32 12 3 4 1 100
33 28 4 1 33 0 100
25 36 17 4 17 1 100
55 35 6 2 2 0 100
37 38 19 4 2 0 100
44 41 8 1 5 1 100
50 31 9 4 5 1 100
33 27 9 1 28 2 100
21 29 16 3 26 5 100
14 27 19 4 31 4 100
16 33 16 5 23 7 100
20 37 11 2 27 2 100
20 37 17 3 20 2 100
25 39 14 5 12 4 100
14 29 12 1 41 4 100
50 33 7 2 7 1 100
54 34 5 3 2 3 100
48 31 7 4 1 9 100
19 47 27 4 2 2 100
49 39 7 2 2 1 100
43 41 12 2 2 0 100
31 34 21 3 10 1 100
40 35 12 4 8 1 100
33 31 15 9 10 2 100
22 46 14 10 3 5 100
35 39 13 12 0 2 100
27 32 23 16 1 1 100
47 28 12 10 2 2 100
59 27 9 2 1 2 100
51 23 17 5 1 2 100
51 37 8 2 1 1 100
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Q61. Now I’d like to ask you about your preference – what kind of marriage do you think is the more satisfying way of life?
One where the husband
provides for the family and the wife takes
care of the house and
children
One where the husband and
wife both have jobs and
together take care of the house and
children
One where the wife provides for the family
and the husband takes
care of the house and
children (DO NOT READ)
Other (DO NOT READ)
Neither (DO NOT READ) DK/Refused Total
United States Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Summer, 2002
Canada Spring, 2019
Summer, 2002
France Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Summer, 2002
Spring, 1991
Germany Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Summer, 2002
Spring, 1991
Greece Spring, 2019
Italy Spring, 2019
Summer, 2002
Spring, 1991
Netherlands Spring, 2019
Spain Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Spring, 1991
Sweden Spring, 2019
United Kingdom Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Summer, 2002
Spring, 1991
Bulgaria Spring, 2019
Summer, 2002
Spring, 1991
Czech Republic Spring, 2019
Summer, 2002
Spring, 1991
Hungary Spring, 2019
Spring, 1991
Lithuania Spring, 2019
Spring, 1991
Poland Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Summer, 2002
Spring, 1991
Slovakia Spring, 2019
Summer, 2002
Spring, 1991
Russia Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Summer, 2002
Spring, 1991
Ukraine Spring, 2019
Summer, 2002
Spring, 1991
Australia Spring, 2019
India Spring, 2019
21 68 1 4 2 4 100
25 71 0 0 0 4 100
37 58 0 0 0 5 100
15 74 0 3 4 4 100
26 66 0 0 0 8 100
7 91 0 0 0 1 100
9 91 0 0 0 0 100
13 86 0 0 0 1 100
30 64 0 3 0 3 100
15 79 1 1 1 3 100
12 85 0 0 0 3 100
18 80 0 0 0 2 100
36 58 0 2 0 3 100
23 77 0 0 0 0 100
22 75 2 1 1 1 100
24 74 0 0 0 2 100
35 62 0 3 0 1 100
19 78 1 0 1 2 100
7 90 0 1 0 1 100
7 91 0 0 0 2 100
30 67 0 1 0 2 100
3 93 1 2 0 2 100
17 76 1 1 3 2 100
22 71 0 0 0 7 100
23 71 0 0 0 6 100
28 64 0 5 0 3 100
16 76 4 0 1 2 100
23 74 0 0 0 3 100
40 54 0 1 0 5 100
34 60 1 2 1 2 100
28 70 0 0 0 2 100
55 40 0 2 0 3 100
25 71 1 0 1 1 100
60 36 0 3 0 1 100
33 53 4 1 3 7 100
62 36 0 0 0 2 100
27 69 2 0 0 1 100
28 68 0 0 0 4 100
39 60 0 0 0 1 100
57 41 0 1 0 2 100
29 67 3 0 1 1 100
25 74 0 0 0 1 100
54 42 0 1 0 3 100
29 68 0 0 1 2 100
25 74 0 0 0 1 100
42 56 0 0 0 2 100
48 46 0 2 0 4 100
28 60 3 1 1 7 100
36 64 0 0 0 1 100
53 44 0 1 0 2 100
23 69 1 2 2 4 100
40 58 1 0 0 1 100
46 49 1 0 0 3 100
34 PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Q61. Now I’d like to ask you about your preference – what kind of marriage do you think is the more satisfying way of life?
One where the husband
provides for the family and the wife takes
care of the house and
children
One where the husband and
wife both have jobs and
together take care of the house and
children
One where the wife provides for the family
and the husband takes
care of the house and
children (DO NOT READ)
Other (DO NOT READ)
Neither (DO NOT READ) DK/Refused Total
Ukraine Spring, 2019
Summer, 2002
Spring, 1991
Australia Spring, 2019
India Spring, 2019
Indonesia Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Japan Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Summer, 2002
Philippines Spring, 2019
Summer, 2002
South Korea Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Summer, 2002
Israel Spring, 2019
Lebanon Spring, 2019
Summer, 2002
Tunisia Spring, 2019
Turkey Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Summer, 2002
Kenya Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Summer, 2002
Nigeria Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
South Africa Spring, 2019
Summer, 2002
Argentina Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Summer, 2002
Brazil Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Mexico Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Summer, 2002
28 60 3 1 1 7 100
36 64 0 0 0 1 100
53 44 0 1 0 2 100
23 69 1 2 2 4 100
40 58 1 0 0 1 100
46 49 1 0 0 3 100
43 56 0 0 0 1 100
19 72 0 0 6 3 100
27 68 0 0 0 5 100
32 66 0 0 0 2 100
32 66 1 0 0 0 100
37 62 0 0 0 0 100
21 76 0 1 1 1 100
33 65 0 0 0 2 100
34 65 0 0 0 1 100
29 66 1 1 2 1 100
39 59 1 0 0 1 100
35 64 0 0 0 1 100
49 50 0 0 1 0 100
37 57 2 1 1 2 100
25 72 0 0 0 2 100
29 69 0 0 0 2 100
20 77 1 0 0 1 100
18 81 0 0 0 1 100
20 78 0 0 0 2 100
33 67 1 0 0 0 100
38 61 0 0 0 1 100
22 73 3 0 0 2 100
20 80 0 0 0 0 100
23 75 1 0 0 1 100
30 67 0 0 0 2 100
35 63 0 0 0 2 100
17 80 1 0 0 2 100
15 84 0 0 0 0 100
22 74 1 1 0 2 100
21 76 0 0 0 2 100
32 67 0 0 0 1 100
In 2010 and 2002, no volunteered categories were specified. In 1991, only a volunteered 'other' category was specified.
35 PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Q62. Please tell me whether you completely agree, mostly agree, mostly disagree, or completely disagree with the following statement: when jobs are scarce, men should have
more right to a job than women
Completely agree Mostly agree
Mostly disagree
Completely disagree DK/Refused Total
United States Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Canada Spring, 2019
France Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Germany Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Greece Spring, 2019
Italy Spring, 2019
Netherlands Spring, 2019
Spain Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Sweden Spring, 2019
United Kingdom Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Bulgaria Spring, 2019
Czech Republic Spring, 2019
Hungary Spring, 2019
Lithuania Spring, 2019
Poland Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Slovakia Spring, 2019
Russia Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Ukraine Spring, 2019
Australia Spring, 2019
India Spring, 2019
Indonesia Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Japan Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Philippines Spring, 2019
South Korea Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Israel Spring, 2019
Lebanon Spring, 2019
Spring, 2012
Tunisia Spring, 2019
Spring, 2012
Turkey Spring, 2019
Spring, 2012
Spring, 2010
Kenya Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Nigeria Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
South Africa Spring, 2019
Argentina Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
5 8 18 67 2 100
4 10 21 64 2 100
3 8 21 67 1 100
10 12 21 57 1 100
8 12 16 64 0 100
9 11 15 63 2 100
4 15 19 61 2 100
17 29 30 23 1 100
15 25 23 34 3 100
6 8 17 69 0 100
7 5 22 66 0 100
2 10 34 53 1 100
3 4 9 83 1 100
5 9 19 65 1 100
4 8 16 69 3 100
12 28 26 28 5 100
12 25 23 35 5 100
13 22 18 43 4 100
8 20 20 44 8 100
12 30 22 29 7 100
16 28 27 24 4 100
20 39 22 15 4 100
29 16 28 24 3 100
25 22 21 28 3 100
13 30 17 30 9 100
5 10 22 61 1 100
55 24 9 7 5 100
43 30 17 4 6 100
23 51 24 3 0 100
14 29 34 21 3 100
12 29 36 22 1 100
44 31 14 10 1 100
20 32 27 19 2 100
25 35 27 12 1 100
15 21 21 40 3 100
37 24 17 20 1 100
31 19 18 31 1 100
64 17 7 11 1 100
72 14 7 7 0 100
40 30 10 18 2 100
40 27 20 10 3 100
38 29 18 12 3 100
40 18 18 22 2 100
25 21 18 35 1 100
54 16 11 17 1 100
52 25 10 11 3 100
37 20 14 28 1 100
23 14 23 37 2 100
25 18 21 35 2 100
22 12 16 48 2 100
36 PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Q62. Please tell me whether you completely agree, mostly agree, mostly disagree, or completely disagree with the following statement: when jobs are scarce, men should have
more right to a job than women
Completely agree Mostly agree
Mostly disagree
Completely disagree DK/Refused Total
Brazil Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
Mexico Spring, 2019
Spring, 2010
22 12 16 48 2 100
23 14 11 52 0 100
11 28 36 22 3 100
14 14 23 46 3 100
Q64a. In a family, when it comes to making important decisions about ____, do you think …? a. Household finances
Men generally have more influence
Women generally have more influence
Men and women
generally have about the
same influence DK/Refused Total
United States Spring, 2019
Canada Spring, 2019
France Spring, 2019
Germany Spring, 2019
Greece Spring, 2019
Italy Spring, 2019
Netherlands Spring, 2019
Spain Spring, 2019
Sweden Spring, 2019
United Kingdom Spring, 2019
Bulgaria Spring, 2019
Czech Republic Spring, 2019
Hungary Spring, 2019
Lithuania Spring, 2019
Poland Spring, 2019
Slovakia Spring, 2019
Russia Spring, 2019
Ukraine Spring, 2019
Australia Spring, 2019
India Spring, 2019
Indonesia Spring, 2019
Japan Spring, 2019
Philippines Spring, 2019
South Korea Spring, 2019
Israel Spring, 2019
Lebanon Spring, 2019
Tunisia Spring, 2019
Turkey Spring, 2019
Kenya Spring, 2019
Nigeria Spring, 2019
South Africa Spring, 2019
Argentina Spring, 2019
Brazil Spring, 2019
23 13 63 1 100
22 11 64 2 100
19 18 61 1 100
21 14 64 2 100
22 25 52 0 100
30 10 59 1 100
17 21 62 0 100
18 9 72 0 100
37 9 54 1 100
25 13 61 1 100
25 11 62 2 100
34 18 46 2 100
22 20 56 2 100
41 18 37 3 100
22 28 49 1 100
37 24 37 1 100
21 22 53 4 100
25 21 48 6 100
22 15 62 2 100
34 13 52 1 100
19 14 62 4 100
16 29 54 1 100
12 19 68 0 100
23 24 53 1 100
44 11 44 1 100
40 10 49 0 100
37 15 47 0 100
54 11 34 1 100
33 15 51 2 100
61 10 29 1 100
22 20 56 2 100
14 19 65 1 100
24 19 56 2 100
18 10 71 1 100
37 PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Q64a. In a family, when it comes to making important decisions about ____, do you think …? a. Household finances
Men generally have more influence
Women generally have more influence
Men and women
generally have about the
same influence DK/Refused Total
Mexico Spring, 2019 18 10 71 1 100
Q64b. In a family, when it comes to making important decisions about ____, do you think …? b. How to raise children
Men generally have more influence
Women generally have more influence
Men and women
generally have about the
same influence DK/Refused Total
United States Spring, 2019
Canada Spring, 2019
France Spring, 2019
Germany Spring, 2019
Greece Spring, 2019
Italy Spring, 2019
Netherlands Spring, 2019
Spain Spring, 2019
Sweden Spring, 2019
United Kingdom Spring, 2019
Bulgaria Spring, 2019
Czech Republic Spring, 2019
Hungary Spring, 2019
Lithuania Spring, 2019
Poland Spring, 2019
Slovakia Spring, 2019
Russia Spring, 2019
Ukraine Spring, 2019
Australia Spring, 2019
India Spring, 2019
Indonesia Spring, 2019
Japan Spring, 2019
Philippines Spring, 2019
South Korea Spring, 2019
Israel Spring, 2019
Lebanon Spring, 2019
Tunisia Spring, 2019
Turkey Spring, 2019
Kenya Spring, 2019
Nigeria Spring, 2019
South Africa Spring, 2019
Argentina Spring, 2019
Brazil Spring, 2019
4 37 57 1 100
3 37 58 2 100
5 35 59 1 100
2 37 60 1 100
2 58 40 0 100
5 39 56 1 100
3 38 59 0 100
5 15 80 0 100
5 35 59 0 100
4 40 56 0 100
4 35 60 1 100
8 50 40 2 100
3 46 48 2 100
7 59 31 3 100
7 47 45 1 100
11 55 33 0 100
7 39 52 2 100
6 45 48 1 100
4 37 58 1 100
6 41 52 1 100
8 15 73 4 100
5 38 55 1 100
6 14 80 0 100
6 48 46 0 100
12 54 34 0 100
3 57 40 0 100
7 46 47 0 100
13 49 38 0 100
11 29 60 0 100
15 37 48 0 100
8 40 51 2 100
3 25 71 1 100
4 39 56 1 100
6 21 72 0 100
38 PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Q64b. In a family, when it comes to making important decisions about ____, do you think …? b. How to raise children
Men generally have more influence
Women generally have more influence
Men and women
generally have about the
same influence DK/Refused Total
Mexico Spring, 2019 6 21 72 0 100
Q64c. In a family, when it comes to making important decisions about ____, do you think …? c. Their family's religious practices
Men generally have more influence
Women generally have more influence
Men and women
generally have about the
same influence DK/Refused Total
United States Spring, 2019
Canada Spring, 2019
France Spring, 2019
Germany Spring, 2019
Greece Spring, 2019
Italy Spring, 2019
Netherlands Spring, 2019
Spain Spring, 2019
Sweden Spring, 2019
United Kingdom Spring, 2019
Bulgaria Spring, 2019
Czech Republic Spring, 2019
Hungary Spring, 2019
Lithuania Spring, 2019
Poland Spring, 2019
Slovakia Spring, 2019
Russia Spring, 2019
Ukraine Spring, 2019
Australia Spring, 2019
India Spring, 2019
Indonesia Spring, 2019
Japan Spring, 2019
Philippines Spring, 2019
South Korea Spring, 2019
Israel Spring, 2019
Lebanon Spring, 2019
Tunisia Spring, 2019
Turkey Spring, 2019
Kenya Spring, 2019
Nigeria Spring, 2019
South Africa Spring, 2019
Argentina Spring, 2019
Brazil Spring, 2019
14 19 64 3 100
17 14 63 6 100
20 10 66 4 100
13 10 69 7 100
4 41 54 1 100
8 24 64 3 100
29 6 63 2 100
10 10 76 3 100
45 3 45 7 100
23 7 65 5 100
5 22 61 12 100
10 15 53 22 100
8 21 61 10 100
9 41 37 13 100
8 34 53 4 100
15 36 44 5 100
13 17 57 13 100
9 27 54 10 100
18 10 67 5 100
14 28 57 2 100
22 4 70 4 100
17 10 67 7 100
12 7 80 0 100
8 26 64 2 100
44 10 42 3 100
16 14 70 1 100
20 13 65 2 100
19 28 51 3 100
25 21 52 2 100
43 12 45 1 100
24 20 53 3 100
4 23 70 4 100
5 36 56 3 100
6 18 74 2 100
39 PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Q64c. In a family, when it comes to making important decisions about ____, do you think …? c. Their family's religious practices
Men generally have more influence
Women generally have more influence
Men and women
generally have about the
same influence DK/Refused Total
Mexico Spring, 2019 6 18 74 2 100
Q65a. In (survey country) today, when it comes to ____ do you think …? a. Being leaders in their local communities
Men generally have more
opportunities
Women generally have
more opportunities
Opportunities are generally
about the same for both DK/Refused Total
United States Spring, 2019
Canada Spring, 2019
France Spring, 2019
Germany Spring, 2019
Greece Spring, 2019
Italy Spring, 2019
Netherlands Spring, 2019
Spain Spring, 2019
Sweden Spring, 2019
United Kingdom Spring, 2019
Bulgaria Spring, 2019
Czech Republic Spring, 2019
Hungary Spring, 2019
Lithuania Spring, 2019
Poland Spring, 2019
Slovakia Spring, 2019
Russia Spring, 2019
Ukraine Spring, 2019
Australia Spring, 2019
India Spring, 2019
Indonesia Spring, 2019
Japan Spring, 2019
Philippines Spring, 2019
South Korea Spring, 2019
Israel Spring, 2019
Lebanon Spring, 2019
Tunisia Spring, 2019
Turkey Spring, 2019
Kenya Spring, 2019
Nigeria Spring, 2019
South Africa Spring, 2019
Argentina Spring, 2019
Brazil Spring, 2019
40 4 55 1 100
43 3 54 0 100
55 3 41 1 100
36 3 59 2 100
57 1 41 1 100
59 2 36 3 100
47 1 52 0 100
44 1 55 1 100
48 2 47 2 100
45 2 52 1 100
42 2 46 10 100
32 2 55 11 100
47 1 49 3 100
29 9 53 9 100
39 10 47 5 100
53 6 39 2 100
38 4 50 7 100
39 5 45 11 100
38 4 57 0 100
39 7 51 4 100
36 3 54 7 100
66 2 32 1 100
20 5 74 1 100
72 6 22 0 100
65 3 31 1 100
61 3 35 2 100
58 5 32 5 100
66 7 23 4 100
48 5 46 1 100
79 3 17 1 100
39 9 49 2 100
29 4 64 2 100
39 6 50 5 100
28 7 64 2 100
40 PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Q65a. In (survey country) today, when it comes to ____ do you think …? a. Being leaders in their local communities
Men generally have more
opportunities
Women generally have
more opportunities
Opportunities are generally
about the same for both DK/Refused Total
Mexico Spring, 2019 28 7 64 2 100
Q65b. In (survey country) today, when it comes to ____ do you think …? b. Getting a good education
Men generally have more
opportunities
Women generally have
more opportunities
Opportunities are generally
about the same for both DK/Refused Total
United States Spring, 2019
Canada Spring, 2019
France Spring, 2019
Germany Spring, 2019
Greece Spring, 2019
Italy Spring, 2019
Netherlands Spring, 2019
Spain Spring, 2019
Sweden Spring, 2019
United Kingdom Spring, 2019
Bulgaria Spring, 2019
Czech Republic Spring, 2019
Hungary Spring, 2019
Lithuania Spring, 2019
Poland Spring, 2019
Slovakia Spring, 2019
Russia Spring, 2019
Ukraine Spring, 2019
Australia Spring, 2019
India Spring, 2019
Indonesia Spring, 2019
Japan Spring, 2019
Philippines Spring, 2019
South Korea Spring, 2019
Israel Spring, 2019
Lebanon Spring, 2019
Tunisia Spring, 2019
Turkey Spring, 2019
Kenya Spring, 2019
Nigeria Spring, 2019
South Africa Spring, 2019
Argentina Spring, 2019
Brazil Spring, 2019
14 9 76 1 100
7 5 88 0 100
20 5 74 0 100
11 4 85 0 100
6 3 91 1 100
11 4 83 1 100
5 8 87 0 100
11 3 86 0 100
10 9 80 0 100
17 5 78 1 100
8 5 85 2 100
7 2 88 3 100
7 2 88 2 100
13 10 71 5 100
13 10 75 2 100
20 8 71 1 100
9 6 81 3 100
7 4 86 3 100
10 5 84 1 100
12 10 76 1 100
8 2 86 5 100
19 4 76 1 100
7 6 86 0 100
19 5 75 0 100
21 13 65 1 100
5 12 83 0 100
6 24 70 0 100
33 13 52 2 100
11 10 78 1 100
22 8 69 0 100
7 14 77 2 100
7 6 86 1 100
20 12 64 4 100
12 5 82 1 100
41 PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Q65b. In (survey country) today, when it comes to ____ do you think …? b. Getting a good education
Men generally have more
opportunities
Women generally have
more opportunities
Opportunities are generally
about the same for both DK/Refused Total
Mexico Spring, 2019 12 5 82 1 100
Q65c. In (survey country) today, when it comes to ____ do you think …? c. Getting high-paying jobs
Men generally have more
opportunities
Women generally have
more opportunities
Opportunities are generally
about the same for both DK/Refused Total
United States Spring, 2019
Canada Spring, 2019
France Spring, 2019
Germany Spring, 2019
Greece Spring, 2019
Italy Spring, 2019
Netherlands Spring, 2019
Spain Spring, 2019
Sweden Spring, 2019
United Kingdom Spring, 2019
Bulgaria Spring, 2019
Czech Republic Spring, 2019
Hungary Spring, 2019
Lithuania Spring, 2019
Poland Spring, 2019
Slovakia Spring, 2019
Russia Spring, 2019
Ukraine Spring, 2019
Australia Spring, 2019
India Spring, 2019
Indonesia Spring, 2019
Japan Spring, 2019
Philippines Spring, 2019
South Korea Spring, 2019
Israel Spring, 2019
Lebanon Spring, 2019
Tunisia Spring, 2019
Turkey Spring, 2019
Kenya Spring, 2019
Nigeria Spring, 2019
South Africa Spring, 2019
Argentina Spring, 2019
Brazil Spring, 2019
60 2 38 1 100
66 2 31 1 100
77 1 21 0 100
60 2 37 1 100
48 2 48 1 100
63 2 34 1 100
62 4 34 0 100
70 1 29 0 100
79 1 19 0 100
69 2 29 0 100
52 2 44 2 100
61 1 35 3 100
57 1 39 2 100
54 7 35 4 100
54 7 36 3 100
62 5 32 2 100
46 3 47 3 100
51 3 41 4 100
69 1 29 1 100
28 7 62 3 100
22 4 68 5 100
75 1 23 1 100
17 6 77 0 100
75 1 24 0 100
72 3 23 2 100
45 6 47 3 100
30 19 50 1 100
49 17 29 4 100
31 10 57 1 100
47 11 42 1 100
32 9 57 2 100
45 6 46 2 100
52 8 38 3 100
36 6 56 2 100
42 PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Q65c. In (survey country) today, when it comes to ____ do you think …? c. Getting high-paying jobs
Men generally have more
opportunities
Women generally have
more opportunities
Opportunities are generally
about the same for both DK/Refused Total
Mexico Spring, 2019 36 6 56 2 100
Q65d. In (survey country) today, when it comes to ____ do you think …? d. Expressing their political views
Men generally have more
opportunities
Women generally have
more opportunities
Opportunities are generally
about the same for both DK/Refused Total
United States Spring, 2019
Canada Spring, 2019
France Spring, 2019
Germany Spring, 2019
Greece Spring, 2019
Italy Spring, 2019
Netherlands Spring, 2019
Spain Spring, 2019
Sweden Spring, 2019
United Kingdom Spring, 2019
Bulgaria Spring, 2019
Czech Republic Spring, 2019
Hungary Spring, 2019
Lithuania Spring, 2019
Poland Spring, 2019
Slovakia Spring, 2019
Russia Spring, 2019
Ukraine Spring, 2019
Australia Spring, 2019
India Spring, 2019
Indonesia Spring, 2019
Japan Spring, 2019
Philippines Spring, 2019
South Korea Spring, 2019
Israel Spring, 2019
Lebanon Spring, 2019
Tunisia Spring, 2019
Turkey Spring, 2019
Kenya Spring, 2019
Nigeria Spring, 2019
South Africa Spring, 2019
Argentina Spring, 2019
Brazil Spring, 2019
32 4 63 1 100
29 4 67 1 100
40 2 57 0 100
27 3 69 1 100
26 0 73 0 100
30 2 67 1 100
35 2 63 0 100
27 2 71 0 100
23 2 75 0 100
31 2 66 1 100
21 1 71 7 100
21 2 74 3 100
30 1 66 4 100
27 9 55 9 100
29 5 63 3 100
33 5 60 2 100
36 2 55 7 100
23 3 70 4 100
29 3 67 1 100
37 4 54 5 100
19 2 71 9 100
48 3 48 2 100
17 4 78 1 100
55 3 42 1 100
42 3 54 1 100
40 2 57 1 100
38 7 51 4 100
53 7 37 3 100
40 6 53 1 100
64 2 33 1 100
32 8 57 4 100
27 3 68 2 100
40 3 54 3 100
26 4 69 2 100
43 PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Q65d. In (survey country) today, when it comes to ____ do you think …? d. Expressing their political views
Men generally have more
opportunities
Women generally have
more opportunities
Opportunities are generally
about the same for both DK/Refused Total
Mexico Spring, 2019 26 4 69 2 100
44 PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
