Midterm Proposal & Midterm PROJECT - A very High Quality Work Required. 24-26 Hours
Running head: RHETORIC
RHETORIC 7
Rhetoric
ENGL 570 Midterm Project
Liberty University
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Daily Instructional Lesson Plan |
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Content Area(s)/Course/Grade: Insert
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Unit: Insert |
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Lesson Topic: Core concepts, branches, and canons of classical rhetoric
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Date: Insert |
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Teacher: Insert Comment by Author: I hadn’t commented on these in the rough drafts earlier because I assumed you marked these to add later. I think for the lesson plans to work, you would indicate the grade level and school to make it a bit clearer.
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School: Insert |
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Indicator(s)/Sub-Outcome(s)/Expectation(s):
· Purpose – gain more knowledge of classical rhetoric as documented by Aristotle · Materials needed – Aristotle’s books (Book I, II, & III), writing materials such as a notebook and a pen, audio/video resources on rhetoric. · In-class activity – role-playing acts on persuasion · Link to past and future work – the first lesson will cover the specific topics under rhetoric and for the successive three lessons, the previous lesson’s work will be revisited briefly.
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Student Outcome(s): By the end of the course (semester’s end), students should be able to: · Demonstrate fundamentals of rhetoric as documented by Aristotle in his books and other empirical materials highlighting the concept of rhetoric. They should determine and describe the three branches of rhetoric and its five canons. In other words, students should be able to explain classical rhetoric, deliberative rhetoric, and judicial rhetoric as the main categories of rhetoric. Lastly, learners should have the capacity to apply the art of persuasion in practice as learned from the concepts, branches, and canons above. In the end, learners should be able to construct great rhetoric used in different situations.
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Context for Learning |
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The context of learning lies in the value of gaining knowledge of classical rhetoric. The combination of the above three lessons shall be contextualized to professional fields that significantly rely on rhetoric such as education, politics, marketing, and the likes. The main aim of the lessons is to help students become exceptional at the art of persuasion. In the course, students can learn not to entirely rely on teachers for knowledge and skills but undertake personal initiatives to acquire additional knowledge that would otherwise not be provided in class.
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Instructional Delivery |
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Opening Activities/Motivation: The transfer of knowledge on the stated themes will, in most part, follow the conventional classroom setting with the teacher assuming the role of instructing the students. Both offline and online teaching techniques will be employed. Comment by Author: Lecture-based?
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Procedures: In addition to the traditional teaching model, discussions, learning activities, assignments, and role-playing practical will be applied as strategies for administering knowledge, demonstrating concepts, and transferring skills.
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Assessment/Evaluation (Formative/Summative) |
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Tests and assignments touching on various areas of the themes. · Purpose – introduce students to classical rhetoric and its concepts · Materials – textbooks, audio-video materials, · In-class activity – progymnasmata (preliminary rhetorical exercises) · Link to past and future – expound on rhetoric
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Closure: Questions and answers i. What are the core concepts of rhetoric? Comment by Author: So these questions have very established, clear answers. Will there be questions in the class that allow students to express their individual thoughts one rhetoric, how they view it, or for general questions they may have about the concepts themselves? ii. Identify and describe the main branches of rhetoric. iii. Describe the five canons of rhetoric as outlined by Aristotle.
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Daily Instructional Lesson Plan |
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Content Area(s)/Course/Grade:
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Lesson Topic: Modern/contemporary rhetoric
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Teacher:
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Indicator(s)/Sub-Outcome(s)/Expectation(s):
· Purpose – gain insight into the state of rhetoric since the 20th century. · Materials needed – textbooks on modern rhetoric (for instructor), writing materials (notebooks and pens), and audio/visual materials on contemporary rhetoric. · In-class activity – discussions, a role-playing activity · Link to past and future work: how the rhetoric concepts in previous lesson exist in today’s context.
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Student Outcome(s): At the end of the unit, students should be able to describe the state of rhetoric since the 20th century. In particular, learners should be able to provide a brief overview of contemporary rhetoric. |
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Context for Learning |
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The context of learning lies in the value of gaining knowledge of modern rhetoric. The lesson above shall be contextualized to professional fields that significantly rely on rhetoric such as education, politics, marketing, and the likes . The main aim of the lessons is to help students become exceptional at the art of persuasion. There are multiple in-class activities but the most appropriate for the lesson and promoting the notion of classic rhetoric is known as “superstitions,” as proposed by Dainville and Sans (2016). According to the rule of the exercise, everyone has a right to be respected by fellow students and teachers. The activity involves refraining from activities one feels terrible about. For example, deciding not to participate in a test. Comment by Author: Be careful with this phrasing. Modern rhetoric as you are using it here is different from the term that is understood by the academic community. Comment by Author: If it’s not important enough to list out, I tell students they can omit this as well.
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Instructional Delivery |
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Opening Activities/Motivation: Teaching classical rhetoric should be unique and yet extremely useful. There are a number of ways teachers have transferred knowledge to students. However, the most effective include progymnasmata will be used.
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Procedures: Fable, refutations, discussions, narrative, invective, comparison, characteristics, description, and anecdote.
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Assessment/Evaluation (Formative/Summative) |
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Tests, assignments, sequenced exercises. · Purpose – insight into branches and canons of classical rhetoric · Materials – textbooks, audio/visual materials, etc. · In-class activity – discussions, progymnasmata · Link to past and future – make students best persuaders · Aristotle’s significance as a rhetoric philosopher:
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Closure: Questions and answers i. Provide an explanation of the state of modern rhetoric Comment by Author: See my comment above about this terminology. ii. How has classical rhetoric manifested into what it is today? iii. Name some of the great modern rhetoricians and their philosophical works. Comment by Author: Your lesson plans have not indicated specific philosophers or rhetoricians whom you plan to discuss. Who would be the major focus of this lesson?
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Daily Instructional Lesson Plan |
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Content Area(s)/Course/Grade:
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Lesson Topic: Aristotle Influence on Modern Rhetoric.
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Teacher:
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Indicator(s)/Sub-Outcome(s)/Expectation(s):
· Purpose – a brief review of the previous lesson and attempt practice with application of rhetoric. · Materials – books on both classical rhetoric (Book I, II, III by Aristotle) and modern rhetoric. · In-class activity – review notable rhetoricians of today. · Link to past and future – relevance of today’s theorists in terms of the impact and effect they have on the application of rhetoric. · Our own use of rhetoric today
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Student Outcome(s): Students should gain knowledge of the manifestation of rhetorical studies and the establishment of rhetoric and speech academic institutions and organizations. Students should also describe the importance of rhetoric today and how it was influenced by the ancient version of the concept as written by Aristotle. Also, they should illustrate the practical applications of rhetoric and speech in real-life and careers. Comment by Author: This part of the sentence is hard to follow Comment by Author: So how does this lesson connect or follow the second lesson?
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Context for Learning |
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Modern rhetoric and Aristotle The relevance of the lesson to the past and future work of the course centers on the contributions of Aristotle, especially as the father of rhetoric. An important lesson to learn from all this is to perfect the art of persuasion with the end goal of the course being every student should be an effective persuader. The institutional structure of rhetoric that Aristotle outlines in his book is sufficient to enable a person to sharpen their persuasive skills. For instance, the canons above illustrate the process of creating perfect rhetoric. In one way or another, we find ourselves in compelling situations even without our knowledge. This makes persuasion a critical life skill that we must all develop. A classroom activity to help achieve this include conducting discussions and debates on burning social, economic, and political issues that require the participation of everyone. Comment by Author: Watch for pronoun antecedent agreement
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Instructional Delivery |
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Opening Activities/Motivation:
The conventional classroom setting with a teacher in charge of transferring knowledge and giving instructions. Students will also gain knowledge through guided research and discussions. Comment by Author: This is a loaded term in today’s pedagogical theory discussions.
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Procedures:
Teaching, discussions, exercises, and debates. Learn how in one way or another, we find ourselves in persuasive situations even without our knowledge. This makes persuasion a critical life skill that we must all develop. A classroom activity to help achieve this include conducting discussions and debates on burning social, economic, and political issues that require the participation of everyone
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Assessment/Evaluation (Formative/Summative) |
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Tests and experiments Comment by Author: What would be the “experiments” you might use in this?
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Closure: Questions and answers i. How important is Aristotle to today’s use of rhetoric? ii. How do we use Aristotle’s philosophical work to enhance the application of rhetoric?
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Explanation
Although the lessons touch on varying aspects of rhetoric and education as a whole, they can be seamlessly integrated into a single and much broader lesson on the subject matter. For instance, the first lesson looks into the basics of rhetoric. Here, learners are introduced to the concepts, branches, and canons of rhetoric as proposed by Aristotle and modified by other rhetoricians. The second lesson explores the state of rhetoric today. Here, students learn a broad range of aspects of rhetoric used today such as persuasion in political speeches. They do not only learn about their significant theoreticians but also look into how it is used in learning institutions, practice, and education. In other words, learners get to know the prevalence of rhetoric and its importance to society today. Comment by Author: So are you saying they can all be incorporated into one lesson? Comment by Author: I didn’t see any other rhetoricians listed in the lesson plan for that day. Only Aristotle is listed, and only his books are included in the materials. Comment by Author: This is good, but I wouldn’t call it “modern rhetoric.” That usually identifies a particular shift in Rhetoric’s history, and it includes specific theories rather than just referring to a chronological period.
The third lesson, which looks into the significance of Aristotle in classical and today’s rhetoric, touches on a number of elements. As the discussion shows, it helps learners familiarize themselves by learning about some of the major influences of Aristotle such as gifting the world with scholarly materials on rhetoric and how he has influenced generations of rhetoricians throughout history. The lesson more so focuses on the role of teachers in a class session. Traditionally, teachers are believed to be the custodians of knowledge that is passed down through teaching. This is an indisputable fact; however, how they transfer the knowledge matters. As shown above, some techniques from Aristotle would help improve teaching. Comment by Author: Why identify his works as “scholarly materials?” Were there other materials at the time that made false claims about what rhetoric was or that it wasn’t developed enough? Comment by Author: Revise this sentence as the wording seems a little redundant, particularly with “teachers” and “teaching.”
On the question of how the lessons are interconnected, they lie within the spectrum of a single broad theme – a distinguished philosopher in the discipline of classical rhetoric. The idea behind the discussion is to offer an all-round analysis of Aristotle and his views on the concept of rhetoric contextualized in the ancient Greek times. Having done so, because rhetoric, which also translates to the art of persuasion, applies to most aspects of everyday life, is understood deeply. Overall, the collective goal of the three lessons is to enable students to become excellent at persuasion at the end of the course and later stages of life. Comment by Author: I’m not sure how the second part of this sentence is clarifying the first, thus explaining why the dash is used here. Comment by Author: Greece Comment by Author: fragment
The objective of the unit is to communicate to teachers, administrators, and other key players in education about various aspects of classical rhetoric in accordance with Aristotle’s teachings. In specific, the lesson narrows down to the expectations of teachers on improving learning as far as rhetoric is concerned. With the objective having been established, the question of the means of achieving them remains a concern. Not in this case, however. The discussion suggests courses of action educators or even school administrators can adopt to successfully achieve objectives of the unit and improve learning in general. What this means is that lecturers can learn from the most notable Greek philosopher and also a successful teacher. Comment by Author: So are you saying it’s only about assessing how much they learn about rhetoric? I think the wording in the sentence needs improvement. Comment by Author: fragment
Referencing Aristotle to today’s education brings up the subject of what the modes of teaching Aristotle practised and why they should matter for this particular unit. As Oleg Donskikh (2019) highlights, as a mentor and tutor of Alexander the Great, Aristotle utilized a multifaceted approach to teaching that incorporated a wide array of aspects including empirical, analysis, observation, and critical. In this method, students employ techniques such as data collection through observations or other methods, categorize and classify such data to come up with generalized principles or theories. Essentially, this is a scientific method, also the backbone of the thinker’s philosophy. Comment by Author: spelling Comment by Author: vague word choice Comment by Author: parallelism. These words don’t all take the same form. Some are nouns and others adjectives. Comment by Author: So is this part of what you mentioned in the lesson plan about “experiments?”
Typically, a student of Aristotle would independently discover facts and employ critical thinking through inductive and deductive reasoning methods. This is the Aristotelian way, which also forms the strategy he used to construct his unique approach to rhetoric. In the end, Aristotle’s student would construct logical arguments, although with the philosopher’s guidance, but without his influence. The approach is precisely what the unit needs to guarantee the accomplishment of the specified objectives. Although the guidance of teachers is crucial, their influence on learners’ capacity to think should be zero or minimal. Comment by Author: The second part of this sentence is hard to follow.
The value to student’s educational experience and beyond is immense. As mentioned earlier, knowledge from the project is invaluable to educators, people in technical professional fields requiring intense communications such as politicians, professional marketers, negotiators, and the likes. The lessons work together to help students with aspirations along those lines achieve them in the future. Studying classical rhetoric helps improve the ability to speak persuasively. Many people struggle to prove a point due to the lack of persuasive skills. The lessons will help practice convincing people through activities such as persuading lecturers or fellow students. The knowledge of the field would help students research a topic, come up with well-organized information, and use them to engage in various areas. In other words, it would help students become better speakers and persuaders. Comment by Author: See my comment above on a similar phrasing. Comment by Author: Try to avoid phrasing that doesn’t clearly specify what you’re trying to communicate. Comment by Author: Word choice
Knowledge of classic rhetoric does not only help an individual become better at persuasion, but it also protects one from manipulation. Therefore, the unit will place a student in a position that will enable them to recognize fallacies in logic and standard tactics of manipulation to avoid being taken advantage of by peers, bosses, colleagues, or any other persons in the future. A well-educated student in classic rhetoric will recognize problems such as faulty logic, fallacies, or truth enabling him/her make wise decisions on various personal and professional issues (Marsh, 2013). For example, politicians are renowned serial liars and in most cases, we fall for their lies because of their impressive rhetoric abilities. The unit would help its beneficiaries make wise voting and political decisions by looking through the lies in the campaigns and selecting the deserving candidates. Comment by Author: agreement Comment by Author: Can you say this about all though? Be careful with such statements in academic work. Audiences might presume bias and conflict within your writing.
By accomplishing the course as expected, students will improve their ability to analyze and speak effectively. Effective analysis requires keen listening, an essential skill in effective communication. When we listen closely, we analyze more of what the other parties are communicating. The implication of this is that it makes a person more careful and intentional in conversations either as listeners or speakers. Studying classical rhetoric prepares everyone for public speaking and presentations. Research shows that public speaking is the leading fear amongst a significant number of people; it is scarier than snakes as findings assert. The course would help students overcome this fear and replace it with the confidence necessary for situations such as debates, weddings, pitching business ideas, and the likes. Comment by Author: If referencing research, you need to give those specific references. Otherwise, this becomes an empty claim. Comment by Author: See previous comments about this phrase.
You have a good start with this set of lesson plans, and I see where you are trying to weave them together for a consistent and effective unity to deliver. There are several points where I feel more clarity is necessary in the lesson plans. At times you mention experiments or activities without much detail as to what they would entail or look like. In addition, you mentioned other philosophers in the explanation, but Aristotle is the only focus mentioned in the lesson plan.
Be sure that you edit a bit more. There were passages that are difficult to follow, might need further wordsmithing, or changes to punctuation. I think as you clear up the language further, the stronger the content will become.
Overall, this is good, and I can see the entirety of what you’re trying to do. Just be sure the lesson plans don’t try to cover too much (you mention Aristotle and Classical Rhetoric as well as Modern Rhetoric). This is still good.
References
Dainville, J., & Sans, B. (2016). Teaching Rhetoric Today: Ancient Exercises for Contemporary Citizens. Educational Research and Reviews, 11(20), 1925-1930.
Donskikh, O. A. (2019). Significance of Aristotle’s teaching Practice for Modern Education. In Teacher Education in the 21st Century. IntechOpen.
Hottel-Burkhart, N. G. (2000). The Canons of Aristotelian Rhetoric. Diversity in Language: Contrastive Studies in Arabic and English Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, 93.
Kennedy, G. A. (2009). A new history of classical rhetoric. Princeton University Press. Comment by Author: Italicize
Marsh, C. (2013). Classical rhetoric and modern public relations: An Isocratean model. Routledge. Comment by Author: Is this a book? Italicize if so.