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7
Federal Policy Practice
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Federal civil rights and anti-discrimination laws' purpose is to protect people against discrimination on certain traits and to ensure fair treatment. The main goal is to enhance justice and equality in various areas of life, such as work, education, housing, and public places. The development of Federal civil rights and anti-discrimination laws in the United States was caused by social movements, court rulings, and changing public opinion. A legislative response to racial injustice was sparked by the Civil Rights Movement which consisted of incidents like the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Brown v. Board of Education ruling (Mawarni et al., 2023). The Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Fair Housing Act of 1968 are two examples of later laws that further addressed inequality.
One of the Federal Anti-Discrimination and Civil Rights policy goals is to eliminate discrimination and create a just community for all people, irrespective of their race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, or any other characteristic that is legally protected. To achieve this goal, public accommodations, employment, housing, education, and public services are developed. These laws enable enforcement organizations like the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and the Department of Housing and Urban Development to ensure commitment (Baumle et al., 2020). Another purpose includes preventing harassment by establishing work settings, educational, and public spaces environments that provide people who need protection from harassment. To achieve this, accurate laws and rules that specifically prohibit different types of harassment are put in place hence promoting equality and respect for all. Additionally, they offer channels for reporting and resolving harassment occurrences, giving victims the power to find justice and encouraging an environment that actively fights and discourages harassment (McCormick et al., 2023).
The purpose of these initiatives is to educate people about their legal rights and responsibilities so they can identify and tackle discrimination. Enhancing awareness creates a shared knowledge of the meaning of civil rights and promotes early involvement in defending and advancing equality by building a society that opposes discrimination (Bloom, 2019). The last objective I have is the fact that it helps people to remain responsive to changing societal challenges and addressing new forms of discrimination as they emerge. Achieving this is greatly contributed using continuing legal reviews, adaptations, and the creation of creative initiatives meant to address today's issues. Political or government leaders can spot opportunities for development and new discriminatory trends by routinely reviewing the legal system therefore being able to adapt to changes in society and maintain the strength.
The Civil Rights Act's Title VII has played an essential function that targets employees and people at workplaces against discrimination on the grounds of race, color, religion, sex, and national origin (Bloom, 2019). The Civil Rights Act's Title VII founded the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Furthermore, it discourages employers from taking negative measures against an employee or worker who claims their legal rights and limits discrimination in hiring, payments, promotions, disciplinary actions, and privileges of employment. The Pregnancy Discrimination Act targeting pregnant employees, prevents employers from treating pregnant workers unfairly, making them take leave without pay when they are still capable of doing their jobs (Marshall, 2023). Employers are required to provide pregnant staff with the same benefits and allowances as other workers who are struggling to work due to other circumstances.
Age Discrimination in Employment Act is a policy that shows it is illegal to discriminate against employees who are at least 40 years old. Also, people with disabilities are targeted in that there is the Americans with Disabilities Act aims to stop discrimination against people with disabilities in various places (Neumark et al., 2019). It helps them cope especially when they need more accommodations and accessibility in public areas as well as in the workplace. Employers are required by the Equal Pay Act to pay men and women equally for equal work since they execute jobs that demand the same level of skill, effort, and responsibility under comparable working conditions. Even though the two jobs have different titles, they could still be equal and not pay women or men a different amount just because of the gender differences (Mello, 2019).
Employers are not allowed to treat candidates or workers differently because of their citizenship or country of origin under the Immigration Reform and Control Act. It is required for employers to review employee documentation and maintain records that prove the employee's eligibility to work in the United States (Lepley, 2023). African Americans are recognized as citizens, also known as the Civil Rights Act, and are provided with particular privileges such as the ability to sue, provide testimony, and own property. The act ensures that private workers, state and local governments, independent contractors, and partnership partners are all protected. The last act, the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act says that employers should maintain the confidentiality of genetic information about their applicants and employees not allowing them to use it in making employment decisions in the United States (Prince et al., 2021).
The federal policy values social policies and adheres to best practice ethics and best practice standards in that they are based on the ideas of justice and equality and forbid discrimination on the grounds of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, and other protected characteristics. Apart from advocating for equality, the policy also shows a dedication to flexibility, especially for people with disabilities. Laws that improve accessibility and guarantee that all people, regardless of ability, can fully participate in public life and protect the freedoms and rights of these people (Brenman & Sanchez, 2022). This protection covers a wide range of activities, such as working, going to school, and engaging in public affairs, and by doing this, the essential social ideal of shielding people from unfair obstacles and guaranteeing their ability to pursue opportunities on an equal basis is achieved.
The Federal anti-discrimination and civil rights laws make efforts to live up to the United States' significant laws and regulations, making sure that they align with the rules of the Constitution. Secondly, they aim to be easily accessible, and the authorities responsible for ensuring compliance make an effort to educate the public about their rights. However, I think that more work could be done on this to increase public awareness of these guidelines. In response to emerging issues, the regulations are always reviewed and revised and they repeat more frequently so they can stay up to date to keep up with the changing life. To ensure that all opinions are heard and that no one is overlooked, it is a good idea to get feedback from others when creating these regulations so that they can improve and level the laws. Finally, I think the rules are the best practice, but there is room for improvement where they can be made clearer, everyone should be aware of them, better enforcement strategies can be developed, more updates can be made, and more feedback can be gathered (Deagon, 2019).
The policy is politically feasible because it comes from their complying with societal values of non-discrimination and equality and the fact that they have been passed and honored over time suggests that leaders agree. However, because of changing political environments and societal attitudes, political support for these laws might change. Public awareness efforts are essential for sustaining political support because they keep the laws flexible to future challenges. Economic feasibility is the ability of the government to pay for the expenses of putting anti-discrimination laws into place and keeping them up to date (Brenman & Sanchez, 2022). These expenses cover finance for legal proceedings, and educational initiatives meant to raise public knowledge and comprehension of the law therefore, sufficient funding is essential to the successful execution of these policies allowing a strong fight against discrimination.
The government's capacity to effectively enact and uphold anti-discrimination legislation is the main focus of administrative feasibility. It entails assessing how well-stocked, trained and resourced the administrative structure is that manages complaints, carries out investigations, and supervises legal actions. The efficient operation of the laws depends on a well-functioning administrative apparatus. Furthermore, it is necessary to tackle any possible backlogs in the processing of discriminatory cases to guarantee a prompt and equitable resolution. The administrative viability of the laws is influenced by sufficient staffing levels and continuous training initiatives for those engaged in enforcement. The government has ensured all the feasibilities in the Federal anti-discrimination and civil rights laws by putting in place in all the places of work, and organizations so that the employees are well taken care of and their rights are fully adhered to.
The Federal Anti-Discrimination and Civil Rights Laws are restricted by a variety of policy restrictions. Different explanations of the law and legal rights limitations can make it difficult to implement the law effectively, which might hold up the outcome of discrimination cases. Challenges related to implementation, such as inadequate funding for law enforcement organizations, make it difficult to carry out deep investigations, which reduces the total effectiveness of the laws (Mawarni et al., 2023). Other obstacles come from societal attitudes and cultural biases, as ignorance may limit the laws' success which means that emphasizing the necessity of ongoing education and awareness campaigns is important. The policy must be continuously improved to accommodate new forms of discrimination, particularly those that occur online, due to the fast advancements in technology, since there are workers who work from home.
The law has improved opportunities for earlier excluded groups addressed various forms of discrimination that safeguard people against discrimination, and encouraged equal access to public services, housing, work, and work to guarantee equitable treatment for people from a variety of backgrounds. Due to the promotion of equity and opposition to discriminatory practices, the policy has made a good contribution to the advancement of social justice. They have significantly contributed to the decrease in clear unfair treatment and have helped the public understand the value of equality and being included (Brenman & Sanchez, 2022). By offering legal protection from unjust treatment and raising their potential influence on enhancing the target population's social functioning, they seek to strengthen marginalized groups' sense of agency. The law creates a community that honors equality and diversity, therefore strengthening the social functioning of the group being targeted. Social justice issues are well-addressed since there are efforts made that enforce equality of the very different groups of people.
References
Bloom, J. M. (2019). Class, race, and the civil rights movement. Indiana University Press.
https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=nvKiDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=The+Civil+Rights+Act+Title+VII&ots=DKoqZM8wib&sig=bS220Wcu5Z5ZbaP9IEKx7g_tikU
Brenman, M., & Sanchez, T. W. (2022). The Influence of Civil Rights and Anti-Discrimination Laws on Shaping Our Transportation System. JCULP, 5, 111.
https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/jculp5§ion=15
Deagon, A. (2019). Submission to the Australian Human Rights Commission on religious exemptions in Federal Anti-Discrimination Law.
https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132863/
Mawarni, S. D., Ribawati, E., & Sumantri, T. N. A. (2023). THE IMPORTANCE OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES: FROM ABOLITION TO THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT (1865-1968). Interdisciplinary Journal of Advanced Research and Innovation, 1(1), 21-30.
http://www.ijari.ph/index.php/rv/article/view/10
Baumle, A. K., Badgett, M. L., & Boutcher, S. (2020). New research on sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination: Effect of state policy on charges filed at the EEOC. Journal of Homosexuality, 67(8), 1135-1144.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00918369.2019.1603494
Marshall, J. K. (2023). EEOC Releases Draft Regulations For The Pregnant Workers Fairness Act. Mondaq Business Briefing, NA-NA.
McCormick, L., Schwartz, A., & Passerini, C. (2023). Housing for people with disabilities: A review of state Olmstead and HUD consolidated plans. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 43(1), 20-34.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0739456X19844567
Mello, J. A. (2019). Why the Equal Pay Act and laws that prohibit salary inquiries of job applicants can not adequately address gender-based pay inequity. Sage Open, 9(3), 2158244019869106.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2158244019869106
Prince, A. E., Uhlmann, W. R., Suter, S. M., & Scherer, A. M. (2021). Genetic testing and insurance implications: Surveying the US general population about discrimination concerns and knowledge of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA). Risk management and insurance review, 24(4), 341-365.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/rmir.12195
Neumark, D., Burn, I., Button, P., & Chehras, N. (2019). Do state laws protecting older workers from discrimination reduce age discrimination in hiring? Evidence from a field experiment. The Journal of Law and Economics, 62(2), 373-402.
https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/704008
Lepley, J. (2023). The Walls Within: The Politics of Immigration in Modern America. International Social Science Review (Online), 99(2), 1-4.