Criminal practice and procedure

Materials

1. UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION

2. FEDERAL RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

3. FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE

4. Judge James Cissell, FEDERAL CRIMINAL TRIALS (2019)

5. The Bail Reform Act of 1984 (3d ed. Federal Judicial Center 2006)

6. United States Sentencing Guidelines Manual (Nov. 2012 ed.)

7. VINCENT BUGLIOSI, AND THE SEA WILL TELL (1991).

Outline

I. Structure and Organization of the Federal Forum

A. U.S. CONST., art.. III, §§ 1-2.

B. 28 U.S.C. §§ 1251-1453 (jurisdiction of federal courts)

C. 28 U.S.C. §§ 1-6 (organization of federal courts)

D. 28 U.S.C. §§ 41-47 (organization of Circuit Courts of Appeals)

E. 28 U.S.C. §§ 81-141 (organization of U.S. District Courts)

F. 28 U.S.C. §§ 291-297 (assignment of judges, retired and senior judges)

G. 28 U.S.C. §§ 631-638; 18 U.S.C. § 3401-3402 (magistrate judges)

II. The Federal Grand Jury

A. U.S. CONST, amend. V

B. 18 U.S.C. §§ 3321-3322; 3331-3334

C. FED. R. CRIM. P. 6

D. Cases

1. United States v. R. Enter., Inc., 498 U.S. 292 (1991) (investigative powers)

2. United States v. Mandujano, 425 U.S. 564 (1976) (self-incrimination) (right to counsel)

3. United States v. Williams, 504 U.S. 36 (1992) (exculpatory evidence)

4. United States v. Calandra, 414 U.S. 338 (1974) (suppression of evidence)

5. United States v. Lopez-Lopez, 282 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2002) (role of prosecutor; instructions)

6. United States v. Dionisio, 410 U.S. 1 (1973) (physical evidence)

7. United States v. Mara, 410 U.S. 19 (1973) (physical evidence)

8. United States v. García-Ortiz, 261 F. Supp. 2d 56 (D.P.R. 2003) (physical evidence cannot be obtained if physical risk to individual)

9. Douglas Oil Co. of California v. Petrol Stops Nw., 441 U.S. 211 (1979) (secretiveness)

10. In Re: Grand Jury, 566 F.3d 12 (1st Cir. 2009) (review of former testimony)

11. In Re: Grand Jury Subpoena (Mr. S.), 662 F.3d 65 (1st Cir. 2011) (attorney-client privilege)

E. Immunity, 18 U.S.C. § 6002

1. Kastigar v. United States, 406 U.S. 441 (1972)

F. Corporations

1. Braswell v. United States, 487 U.S. 99 (1988) (sole shareholder cannot raise Fifth Amendment even if incriminating)

III. Initial Appearance

A. FED. R. CRIM. P. 5(a)

B. Transfer to Another District (FED. R. CRIM. P. 5(c))

1. United States v. Godines-Lupian, 816 F. Supp. 2d 126 (D.P.R. 2011)

2. United States v. Trinidad-Acosta, No. 1:11-mj-00185-MJK, 2011 WL 5546547 (D. Me. Nov. 09, 2011)

C. Preliminary Hearing (FED. R. CRIM. P. 5.1)

D. Appointment of Counsel

1. Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

2. Federal Public Defender, 18 U.S.C. § 3006A

3. Criminal Justice Act Panel, 18 U.S.C. § 3006A

IV. Detention Hearing

A. Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

B. Stack v. Boyle, 342 U.S. 1 (1951) (excessive bail)

United States v. Jessup, 757 F.2d 378 (1st Cir. 1985) (detention)

C. Procedure

1. FED. R. CRIM. P. 6

2. 18 U.S.C. §§ 3141-3150 (Bail Reform Act of 1984)

3. United States v. Salerno, 481 U.S. 739 (1987) (constitutionality)

D. Release on Conditions, 18 U.S.C. §§ 3142 (c) & (g) (factors)

E. Temporary Detention, 18 U.S.C. § 3142(b)

1. United States v. Quesada Mercedes, 154 F. Supp. 2d 234 (D.P.R. 2001)

F. Detention, 18 U.S.C. § 3142(e)

1. Risk of Flight

1. United States v. Patriarca, 948 F.2d 789 (1st Cir. 1991)

2. United States v. Amaro-Rodriguez, 593 F. Supp. 2d 382 (D.P.R. 2008)

2. Danger to Community

1. United States v. Ploof, 851 F.2d 7 (1st Cir. 1983) (danger must relate to charged conduct)

2. United States v. Perez-Valentin, No. CRIM. 04-133(SEC), 2004 WL 725361 (D.P.R. Mar. 26, 2004)

3. United States v. Colon Osorio, 188 F. Supp. 2d 153 (D.P.R. 2002)

4. United States v. Reynolds, 956 F.2d 192 (9th Cir. 1992) (economic danger)

5. United States v. Cordero Caraballo, 185 F. Supp. 2d 143 (D.P.R. 2002)

6. United States v. Amaro-Rodriguez, 593 F. Supp. 2d 382 (D.P.R. 2008)

3. Threats to Witnesses

1. United States v. Ploof, 851 F.2d 7 (1st Cir. 1983)

G. Holding of Detention Hearing 1. 18 U.S.C. § 3142(f)

1. United States v. Vargas, 804 F.2d 157 (1st Cir. 1986)

2. Effect of Indictment

1. United States v. Vargas, 804 F.2d 157 (1st Cir. 1986)

3. Criminal History

1. United States v. Acevedo-Ramos, 755 F.2d 203 (1st Cir. 1985)

4. Crimes of Violence

5. Presumptions

1. United States v. Jessup, , 757 F.2d 378 (1st Cir. 1985)

2. United States v. Palmer-Contreras, 835 F.2d 15 (1st Cir. 1987)

3. United States v. Dillon, 938 F.2d 1412 (1st Cir. 1991)

4. United States v. Amaro-Rodriguez, 593 F. Supp. 2d 382 (D.P.R. 2008)

5. United States v. Brunette, 839 F. Supp. 2d 449 (D. Mass. 2012).

6. Weight of the Evidence

1. United States v. Moss, 887 F.2d 333 (1st Cir. 1989)

7. Timing of Detention Hearing

1. United States v. Montalvo-Murrillo, 495 U.S. 711 (1990) (violation of deadlines)

8. Admissible Evidence

1. United States v. Acevedo-Ramos, 755 F.2d 203 (1st Cir. 1985) (hearsay)

2. United States v. Sanchez, 457 F. Supp. 2d 90 (D. Mass. 2006) (subpoena to compel testimony)

9. Review of Detention/Release Orders

1. By U.S. District Judge

(1) 18 U.S.C. §§ 3145(a)(1)-(2)

(2) United States v. Tortora, 922 F.2d 880 (1st Cir. 1990) (de novo)

2. By U.S. Court of Appeals (1) 18 U.S.C. § 3145(c)

(2) United States v. Tortora, 922 F.2d 880 (1st Cir. 1990) (standard of review)

10. Detention/Release of Material Witness 1. 18 U.S.C. § 3144

2. United States v. Merecedes, 164 F. Supp. 2d 248 (D.P.R. 2001)

V. Arraignment and Guilty Plea

A. Arraignment (FED. R. CRIM. P. 10(a))

B. Guilty Plea (FED. R. CRIM. P. 11)

1. Requirements

1. United States v. Negron-Narvaez, 403 F.3d 33 (1st Cir. 2005)

2. United States v. Isom, 85 F.3d 831 (1st Cir. 1996)

3. United States v. Cotal Crespo, 47 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 1995)

4. Padilla v. Kentucky, 559 U.S. 356 (2010) (collateral consequences of conviction)

5. United States v. Davila, 569 U.S. 597 (2013) (judge cannot be involved in plea discussions nor exhort defendant to plead guilty)

C. Plea Agreements (FED. R. CRIM. P. 11(c)(1)(A) & (B) vs. FED. R. CRIM. P. 11(c)(1)(C))

D. Withdrawal of Guilty Plea

1. United States v. Abbott, 241 F.3d 29 (1st Cir. 2001) (before sentence)

2. Hill v. United States, 368 U.S. 424 (1962) (after sentence)

3. United States v. Negron-Narvaez, 403 F.3d 33 (1st Cir. 2005)

VI. Pretrial Discovery and Motions Practice

A. “Bill of Particulars” (FED. R. CRIM. P. 7(f))

1. United States v. Vazquez-Rijos, 250 F.R.D. 99 (D.P.R. 2008)

2. United States v. Nelson Rodríguez, 319 F.3d 12 (1st Cir. 2003)

B. Alibi Defense (FED. R. CRIM. P. 12.1)

1. United States v. Nelson-Rodriguez, 319 F.3d 12 (1st Cir. 2003)

C. Mental Condition (FED. R. CRIM. P. 12.2)

1. Mental examination, 18 U.S.C. § 4241

D. Under Color of Public Authority (FED. R. CRIM. P. 12.3)

E. Discovery (FED. R. CRIM. P. 16)

1. Statements of Defendant (FED. R. CRIM. P. 16(a))

2. Documents and Objects (FED. R. CRIM. P. 16 (a)(1)(E))

3. Reports of Examinations and Tests (FED. R. CRIM. P. 16 (a)(1)(F))

4. Expert Testimony (FED. R. CRIM. P. 16 (a)(1)(G); see also FED. R. EVID. 702, 703 & 705)

F. Discovery by Prosecution

1. FED. R. CRIM. P. 16 (b)(1)

G. Names and Statements of Witnesses Ordinarily Not Subject to Discovery 1. FED. R. CRIM. P. 16(a)(2)

2. FED. R. CRIM. P. 16(b)(2)

H. Identity of Informants

1. Roviaro v. United States, 353 U.S. 53 (1957)

2. United States v. Giry, 818 F.2d 120 (1st Cir. 1987)

I. Exculpatory Evidence (constitutional standard)

1. Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963) 2. Kyles v. Whitley, 514 U.S. 419 (1995)

3. Giglio v. United States, 405 U.S. 150 (1972)

4. United States v. Agurs, 427 U.S. 97 (1976) (automatic)

5. United States v. Ruiz, 536 U.S. 622 (2002) (government not required to provide exculpatory evidence if guilty plea)

6. United States v. Castro, 502 F. Supp. 2d 218 (D.P.R. 2007) (sanctions for non-disclosure)

7. United States v. Jones, 609 F. Supp. 2d 113 (D. Mass. 2009); 686 F. Supp. 2d 147 (D. Mass. 2010)

J. Grand Jury Testimony and Statements of Witnesses, Jencks Act, 18 U.S.C. § 3500 & FED.R.CRIM.P. 26.2

1. Time of Production

1. United States v. Del Toro Soto, 676 F.2d 13 (1st Cir. 1982)

2. Statements Adopted by Witness

1. Goldberg v. United States, 425 U.S. 94 (1976)

2. United States v. Gonzalez-Melendez, 570 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2009)

3. United States v. Mannarino, 850 F. Supp. 57 (D. Mass. 1994) (new trial ordered)

3. Need Not Amount to Exculpatory Evidence

1. United States v. Colon-Diaz, 521 F.3d 29 (1st Cir. 2008)

4. Sanctions

1. United States v. Duval, 496 F.3d 64 (1st Cir. 2007)

2. United States v. Rodriguez-Pomales, 500 F. Supp. 2d 51 (D.P.R. 2007)

VII. Pretrial Publicity and Change of Venue

A. FED. R. CRIM. P. R. 21

B. United States v. Casellas Toro, 807 F.3d 380 (1st Cir. Dec 7, 2015)

C. Skilling v. United States, 569 U.S. 358 (2010)

D. In Re Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, 780 F.3d 14 (1st Cir. 2015)

VIII. Speedy Trial

A. Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

1. Strunk v. United States, 412 U.S. 434 (1973)

B. When the Right Can Be Invoked

1. United States v. Trueber, 238 F.3d 79 (1st Cir. 2001)

2. United States v. MacDonald, 456 U.S. 1 (1982)

3. United States v. Lovasco, 431 U.S. 783 (1977)

4. United States v. Mala, 7 F.3d 1058 (1st Cir. 1993)

C. Violations

1. Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514 (1972)

D. Speedy Trial Act

1. 18 U.S.C. §§ 3161-3174

1. Exclusions

2. United States v. Dessesaure, 556 F.3d 83 (1st Cir. 2009)

3. Bloate v. United States, 559 U.S. 196 (2010) (court must state reasons)

4. United States v. Colon, 477 F. Supp. 2d 419 (D.P.R. 2007) (dismissal without prejudice)

5. United States v. Bundu, 479 F. Supp. 2d 195 (D. Mass. 2007) (dismissal with prejudice)

E. Local Rule 112.2

IX. Joinder and Severance of Defendants and Offenses

A. FED. R. CRIM. P. 8(a)

1. Petite v. United States, 361 U.S. 529 (1960)

2. United States v. Ritch, 583 F.2d 1179 (1st Cir. 1978) (offenses constituting common scheme or plan)

B. FED. R. CRIM. P. 13

1. United States v. Chiaradio, 684 F.3d 265 (1st Cir. 2012) (duplicity and multiplicity)

2. United States v. Grant, 114 F.3d 323 (1st Cir. 1997) (multiplicity)

3. United States v. Pires, 642 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2011)

C. FED. R. CRIM. P. 8(b)

1. United States v. Martínez, 479 F.2d 824 (1st Cir. 1973)

D. FED. R. CRIM. P. 13 (consolidation)

E. Conspiracies

1. Schaffer v. United States, 362 U.S. 511 (1960)

2. United States v. Bucci, 525 F.3d 116 (1st Cir. 2008)

F. FED. R. CRIM. P. 14

1. United States v. Davis, 623 F.2d 188 (1st Cir. 1980) (severance from prejudicial joinder)

2. United States v. Rodríguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2004)

X. Pre-sentence Report

A. FED. R. CRIM. P. 32(c)-(h)

1. Investigation (FED. R. CRIM. P. 32 (c)(1))

2. Interview (FED. R. CRIM. P. 32(c)(2))

3. Report (FED. R. CRIM. P. 32 (d))

4. Objection (FED. R. CRIM. P. 32 (f))

XI. The U.S. Sentencing Guidelines

A. United States Sentencing Commission

1. 28 U.S.C. §§ 991-997 (creation, functions, and powers)

2. Mistretta v. United States, 488 U.S. 361 (1989) (constitutionality)

B. Sentencing Manual

1. General Instructions USSG § 1B1.1

2. Applicable Guidelines USSG § 1B1.2

3. Manual to Be Used USSG § 1B.11

4. Drug Quantity Table USSG § 201.1

5. Other Crimes USSG (Chapter 2)

6. Adjustments USSG (Chapter 3)

1. Vulnerable Victim USSG § 3 A1.1

2. Rule in the Offense USSG §§ 3 B1.1 & 3B1.2

3. Abuse of Position of Trust

or Use of Special Skill USSG § 3 B1.3

4. Obstruction of Justice USSG § 3 C1.1

5. Acceptance of Responsibility USSG § 3 E1.1

7. Criminal History USSG (Chapter 4)

8. Sentencing Table USSG (Chapter 5)

9. Departures USSG (Chapter 5K)

C. Mandatory Minimums and Substantial Assistance 1. 18 U.S.C. § 3553(e)

2. USSG § 5 K1.1

3. 18 U.S.C. § 3553(f) (“safety valve”)

4. USSG § 5 C1.2

XII. Sentencing in the Post-Booker Era

A. United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220 (2005) (discretionary nature of guidelines)

B. Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38 (2007) (discretion of sentencing court to depart from guidelines; standard of appellate review)

C. Rita v. United States, 551 U.S. 338 (2007) (guideline sentence presumed reasonable)

D. Kimbrough v. United States, 552 U.S. 85 (2007)

E. Nelson v. United States, 555 U.S. 350 (2009) (presumption of reasonableness only applies on appeal)

F. United States v. Martin, 520 F.3d 87 (1st Cir. 2008)

G. United States v. Thurston, 544 F.3d 22 (1st Cir. 2008)

H. United States v. Morales-Machuca, 546 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 2008) (difficult to argue sentencing under guidelines is unreasonable)

I. United States v. Ofray-Campos, 534 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2008) (reversal of sentence above the guidelines)

J. United States v. Wallace, 573 F.3d 82 (1st Cir. 2009) (sentence above the guidelines affirmed)

K. United States v. Cunningham, 429 F.3d 673 (7th Cir. 2005) (sentence within the guidelines reversed for failing to state reasons)

L. United States v. Rivera-Moreno, 613 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2010) (procedural reasonableness)

M. United States v. Jayyousi (Padilla), 657 F.3d 1085 (11th Cir. 2011) (terrorism case)

N. “Three Strikes” 18 U.S.C. § 3559(c)(1)

O. United States v. Gonzalez-Velez, 587 F.3d 494, (1st Cir. 2009); 466 F.3d 27 (1st Cir. 2006) (individualized drug quantity sentencing)

P. Pepper v. United States, 526 U.S. 476 (2011) (post-sentence rehabilitation may be considered in re-sentencing)

Q. Tapia v. United States, 564 U.S. 319 (2011) (rehabilitation cannot be considered to increase sentence)

R. United States v. Bryant, 643 F.3d 28 (1st Cir. 2011) (defendant must be present if sentenced under §3553(a))

S. Freeman v. United States, 564 U.S. 522 (2011) (retroactivity of sentencing guidelines may be considered by the court despite Rule 11(c)(1)(C) type agreement)

T. Peugh v. United States, 569 U.S. 530 (2013) (court must take into consideration ex post facto effects of sentencing guidelines, even though advisory after Booker)

U. United States v. Flores Machicote, 706 F.3d 16 (1st Cir. 2013) (community-based geographic factors)

XIII. Probation and Supervised Release

A. Probation, 18 U.S.C. §§ 3561-3566

1. Conditions, 18 U.S.C. § 3563

2. Revocation, 18 U.S.C. § 3565 3. U.S.S.G. §§ 5 B1.1-5 B1.3

B. Supervised Release, 18 U.S.C. § 3583

1. Conditions, 18 U.S.C. § 3583(d)

2. Revocation, 18 U.S.C. § 3583(e) 3. U.S.S.G. §§ 5 D1.2 - 5 D1.3

4. United States v. Franquiz-Ortiz, 607 F.3d 280 (1st Cir. 2010) (court must state reason for sentence following revocation)

XIV. Appeal and Habeas Corpus

A. FED. R. APP. P. 4(b)

B. Habeas Corpus

1. State Sentence, 28 U.S.C. § 2254

1. Rodriguez v. Warden, Escuela Industrial de Mujeres, Vega Alta, 791 F. Supp. 41 (D.P.R. 1992) (exhaustion of state remedies)

2. Federal Sentence, 28 U.S.C. § 2255

1. Time Limit to File, 28 U.S.C. § 2255(f)

XV. The Federal Death Penalty

A. 18 U.S.C. §§ 3591-3599

1. Applicable Offenses, 18 U.S.C. § 3591

2. Certification by U.S. Government

3. Mitigating/Aggravating Factors, 18 U.S.C. § 3592

4. Sentencing Phase, 18 U.S.C. § 3593

5. Learned Counsel

1. 18 U.S.C. § 3599

2. 18 U.S.C. § 3005

6. Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

1. Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972)

2. Jones v. United States, 527 U.S. 373 (1999)

3. Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002) 4. Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005)

7. First Circuit Cases

1. United States v. Lopez-Matias, 522 F.3d 150 (1st Cir. 2008)

2. In re Sterling-Suarez, 323 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2003); 233 F. Supp. 2d 269 (D.P.R. 2002); 306 F.3d 1170 (1st Cir. 2002)

3. United States v. Sampson, 486 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 2007)

4. United States v. Acosta-Martinez, 252 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 2001); 265 F. Supp. 2d 181 (D.P.R. 2003).

XVI. Transfer of Criminal Case From State to Federal Court When the Defendant is a Federal Officer

A. 28 U.S.C. § 1442

B. Arizona v. Manypenny, 451 U.S. 232 (1981)

C. City of Aurora v. Erwin, 706 F.2d 295 (10th Cir. 1983)

XVII. Transfer of Minors to Adult Status

A. 18 U.S.C. §§ 5031 et seq.

1. Transfer Hearing, 18 U.S.C. § 5037

2. Juvenile Record, 18 U.S.C. § 5032

3. Speedy Trial, 18 U.S.C. § 5036

B. United States v. Male Juvenile E.L.C., 396 F.3d 458 (1st Cir. 2005)

C. United States v. Female Juvenile, A.F.S., 377 F.3d 27 (1st Cir. 2004) (speedy trial)

D. United States v. M.I.M., 932 F.2d 1016 (1st Cir. 1991) (dismissal for failure to produce juvenile record)

E. United States v. A.C.P., 379 F. Supp. 2d 225 (D.P.R. 2005); 2005 WL 1367396

(D.P.R. Apr. 28, 2005) (extraordinary circumstances –rehabilitation and substantial assistance)

F. United States v. Vargas-De Jesus, 618 F.3d 59 (1st Cir. 2010) (ratification of juvenile acts as adult)

G. United States v. Diaz, 670 F.3d 332 (1st Cir. 2012) (ratification)

XVIII. Evidentiary Issues

A. Confrontation Clause

1. Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36 (2004) (Confrontation Clause vs. hearsay exceptions)

2. Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts, 557 U.S. 305 (2009) (drug analysis)

3. Michigan v. Bryant, 562 U.S. 344 (2011) (statements by wounded victim) 4. Ohio v. Clark, 135 S. Ct. 2173 (2015)

5. Davis v. Washington, 547 U.S. 813 (2006) (911 call)

6. United States v. Figueroa-Cartagena, 612 F.3d 69 (1st Cir. 2010) (Confrontation Clause only applies to non-testimonial conversation)

7. United States v. De La Cruz, 514 F.3d 121 (1st Cir. 2008) (autopsy report−non testimonial)

8. United States v. Munoz-Franco, 487 F.3d 25 (1st Cir. 2007) (business records–non-testimonial)

9. United States v. Cabrera-Rivera, 583 F.3d 26 (1st Cir. 2009) (evidence not offered for truth of matter)

10. United States v. Flores-De-Jesus, 569 F.3d 8 (1st Cir. 2009)

11. United States v. Rodriguez, 675 F.3d 48 (1st Cir. 2012) (Bible in jury room)

12. United States v. Colasuonno, 697 F.3d 164 (2nd Cir. 2012) (confrontation clause does not apply to preliminary or bail proceedings)

13. United States v. Soto, 720 F.3d 51 (1st Cir. 2013) (no Confrontation Clause violation where second forensic evidence examiner conducts independent analysis)

14. United States v. Guzman Montanez, 756 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2014) (Sufficiency of evidence, possession of a firearm within a school zone; FED.

R. EVID. 403, admission of second gun evidence)

B. Experts

1. Daubert v. Merrel Dow Pharms., Inc., 509 U.S. 579 (1993)

2. Khumo Tire Co. Ltd. v. Carmichael, 526 U.S. 137 (1999)

3. United States v. Ayala-Pizarro, 407 F.3d 25 (1st Cir. 2005) (lay vs. expert testimony)

4. United States v. Flores-De-Jesus, 569 F.3d 8 (1st Cir. 2009) (overview testimony)

5. United States v. Rosado-Perez, 605 F.3d 48 (1st Cir. 2010) (overview testimony)

6. FED. R. EVID. 104, 401, 701, 702 & 703

C. Applicability of Rules of Evidence to Preliminary Proceedings

1. FED. R. EVID. 104

2. United States v. Raddatz, 447 U.S. 667 (1980)

D. Codefendant’s Confessions

1. Bruton v. United States, 391 U.S. 123 (1968)

2. United States v. Davis, 623 F.2d 188 (1980)

XIX. Search and Seizure

A. Fourth Amendment

B. Extraterritorial Application

1. U.S. v. Verdugo Urquidez, 494 U.S. 259 (1900)

2. U.S. v. Bravo, 489 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2007), cert. denied, 552 U.S. 120 (2008).

C. Government Action Required

1. Coolidge v. New Hampshire, 403 U.S. 443 (1971)

2. U.S. v. Cameron, 699 F 3d 621 (1st Cir. 2002), cert. denied, 569 U.S. 939 (2013) (Yahoo’s search for child pornography).

D. Search Warrant

1. FED. R. CRIM. P. 41

2. Hearsay: FED. R. EVID. 1101(d)(3)

3. Informants: Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213 (198).

4. Probable Cause: Caroll v. U.S., 267 U.S. 132 (1925); U.S. v. Melvin, 596 F.2d 492 (1st Cir. 1979).

E. False Statements in Affidavits

1. Franks v. Delaware, 438 U.S. 154 (1978). 2. U.S. v. Barnes, 492 F.3d 33 (1st Cir. 2007)

F. Particularity of Description

1. U.S. v. Grubbs, 547 U.S. 90 (2006)

G. General exploratory searches forbidden

1. Stanford v. Texas, 379 U.S. 476 (1965)

H. Objectively reasonable mistake

1. Maryland v. Garrison, 480 U.S. 79 (1987)

I. Particularity of Items

1. Stanford v. Texas, 379 U.S. 476 (1965)

2. U.S. v. Abrams, 615 F. 2d 541 (1st Cir. 1980)

3. Montilla Records of Puerto Rico v. Morales, 575 F. 2d 324 (1st Cir. 1978) 4. Groh v. Ramirez, 540 U.S. 551 (2004)

J. Manner of Entry

1. 18 U.S.C. § 3109

2. Richards v. Wisconsin, 520 U.S. 385 (1997)

3. U.S. v. Garcia Hernandez, 659 F.3d 108 (1st Cir. 2011)

K. Anticipatory Search Warrants

1. U.S. v. Grubbs, 547 U.S. 90 (2006)

L. Electronic Information

1. FED. R. CRIM. P. 41 (e)(2)(B)

M. Tracking Devices

1. 18 U.S.C. § 3117

2. FED. R. CRIM. P. 41 (b)(4)

N. Warrantless Entries

1. Katz v. U.S., 389 U.S. 347 (1969)

2. Coolidge v. New Hampshire, 403 U.S. 443 (1971) 3. U.S. v. Jones, 565 U.S. 400 (2012)

4. Carpenter v. United States, 138 S. Ct. 2206 (2018)

O. Search Incidental to Arrest

1. Virginia v. Moore, 53 U.S. 164 (2008)

2. Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752 (1969) 3. U.S. v. Wurie, 728 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2013) 4. U.S. v. Chadwick, 433 U.S. 1 (1977)

5. Utah v. Sheriff, 136 S. Ct. 2056 (2016)

P. Stop and Frisk

1. Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968)

2. U.S. v. Am, 564 F.3d 25 (2009)

Q. Vehicle Stops

1. Michigan v. Long, 463 U.S. 1032 (1983)

2. Michigan Dept. of State Police v. Sitz, 496 U.S. 444 (1990) 3. U.S. v. William, 603 F.3d 66 (1st 2010)

4. Delaware v. Prouse, 440 U.S. 648 (1978)

R. Dog Sniffs

1. Florida v. Harris, 568 U.S. 237 (2013)

S. Border Searches

1. U.S. v. Montoya de Hernandez, 473 U.S. 531 (1985)

2. U.S. v. Borrow, 448 F.3d 37 (1st Cir. 2006)

T. Exigent Circumstances

1. Michigan v. Fisher, 558 U.S. 45 (2009)

U. Vehicle Searches

1. South Dakota v. Opperman, 426 U.S. 364 (1976)

V. Abandoned Property

1. California v. Greenwood, 486 U.S. 35 (1988)

W. Consent Searches

1. Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218 (1973) 2. U.S. v. Franklin, 630 F.3d 53 (1st Cir. 2011)

X. Exclusionary Rule

1. Davis v. U.S., 564 U.S. 2419 (2011)

2. U.S. v. Leon, 468 U.S. 897 (1984)

Y. Inevitable Discovery

1. Nix v. Williams, 467 U.S. 431 (1984)

Z. Wiretaps

1. 18 U.S.C. §§ 2510-2520

ZZ. Protective Sweeps

1. USA v. Delgado Perez, 867 F.3d 244 (1st Cir. 2017)

XX. Fifth and Sixth Amendment: Confessions

A. Fed. R. Civ. P 5(a)

1. Mallory v. U.S., 354 U.S. 449 (1957)

2. Corley v. U.S., 556 U.S. 303 (2009)

B. Fifth Amendment

1. Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966) 2. Dickerson v. U.S., 530 U.S. 428 (2000)

3. Bobby v. Dixon, 565 U.S. 23 (2011)

C. Sixth Amendment

1. Montejo v. Louisiana, 556 U.S. 778 (2009) 2. Davis v. U.S., 512 U.S. 452 (1994)

D. Non Testimonial Evidence

1. Schmerber v. California, 384 U.S. 757 (1966)

E. Fruit of the Poisonous Tree

1. Wong Sun v. U.S., 371 U.S. 471 (1963)

F. Coerced Confessions

1. Arizona v. Fulminante, 499 U.S. 279 (1991)

G. Confessions at Joint Trials

1. Bruton v. U.S., 391 U.S. 123 (1968)