Case study in Finance
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EDITH COWAN UNIVERSITY
FBL5030 FUNDAMENTALS OF VALUE CREATION IN BUSINESS
SEMESTER 2, 2017
ASSIGNMENT 2 – FINANCE
Case Study in Finance
Submission requirements 1.1 Due by 3pm Friday, 3 Nov through Blackboard.
1.2 Please include the ECU assignment cover page (provided on our BB website). Please
note that if an assignment cover sheet is not included your assignment will not be
graded.
1.3 The assignment must be submitted:
1.3.1 As one document.
1.3.2 If you work in group, only one person will submit the document on behalf of
the group.
Group contract information 2.1 This section shall apply if you’re completing the assignment in a group.
2.2 If you are changing your existing group, please upload a new group contract to
Blackboard (under finance assignment section) and notify your lecturer on the change.
2.3 We encourage you to resolve any group conflict. In circumstances where conflicts
remain unresolved, peer‐review forms will be used to moderate individual group
member’s mark.
Additional information 3.1 Your assignment should be in the form of business report with (please refer to the
document provided). Your report should include the followings.
3.1.1 Cover / title page.
3.1.2 Executive summary. Word limit: 250.
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3.1.3 Introduction. Word limit: 150.
3.1.4 Findings and discussions. These are answers to the questions in the
assignment. Appropriate headings and subheadings should be use. Word
limit: 1400.
3.1.5 Recommendation. Word limit: 200.
3.2 A handwritten assignment shall not constitute as a business report, hence will not be
graded.
3.3 Additional formatting:
3.3.1 Font face: Times New Roman, size 12, or
3.3.2 Font face: Arial, size 11, or
3.3.3 Font face: Calibri, size 11
3.3.4 3.3.1, 3.3.2, and 3.3.3 exclude headings and sub‐headings.
3.3.5 Please use 1.5 line spacing in the writing.
3.4 It is always a good idea to support your answers in the body of the report with relevant
Excel workings and tables placed as appendices. Appendices will not count to the word
limit.
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Assignment
PHONE is a small manufacturing company based in Perth CBD. The company manufactures high
quality iPhone covers. The company’s product ranges are made from elastomer, a synthetic rubber‐
like polymer, with the high ends are uniquely finished by skilled craftsmen.
PHONE is proud to offer a large variety of designs to suit customers’ taste and budget. The
company constantly adds new products to its list. The company also has its own in‐house designs
making the products exclusive master pieces.
Freddy Smith, a famous designer who founded the company is also the chief executive
officer (CEO). He has invested his life‐savings to start the company four years ago. By the end of
2016 financial year, the company recorded a cumulative sales turnover of more than $3 million with
profits in excess of $1 million. In 2016 alone, PHONE recorded revenues of $1.1 million.
The management wish to expand PHONE’S product offerings to include new silicon‐based
iPhone cover. The new product will cost more, but is superior to the existing elastomer‐based cover.
As a recent business graduate working as a financial analyst at PHONE, you are tasked to
analyse the project and present your findings to the company’s executives. Your preliminary work on
the proposed project reveals the followings.
1. A production facility for the new product line will be set up in an unused section of the
company’s main plant. The company will buy a new machine for $975,000 inclusive of
shipping, installation and commissioning costs. This machine will have a useful life of 9 years,
depreciated on a straight‐line basis. At the end of year 9, the machine is expected to fetch a
salvage value of $140,000. The management has been advised that the new machine will
have to be overhauled at the end of year 5 at a cost of $100,000 to extend its working
condition. The cost of the overhaul can be further depreciated on a straight‐line basis for the
remainder of the machine’s life.
2. The management is concerned with a huge amount of initial capital expenditure in the
proposal 1. There is a possibility that the new product may not be as well received by the
already saturated iPhone cover market. They are also aware of an alternative which is to buy
a pre‐owned machine that are expected to last for 4 years. This option will cost the company
$470,000 inclusive of installation and commissioning costs. It is expected that the machine
can be depreciated on a straight‐line method with zero value at the end of its useful life.
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3. If the company goes ahead with this new production of silicon‐based cover, the raw material
cost is expected to increase by $125,000 at the start of the first year. A supply contract for
this material includes consideration for the impact of inflation on. The management make an
allocation for the inflation at a rate of 2% p.a. starting from the end of the first year.
4. PHONE will utilise an unused section of its production plant for this project. The space has
been unused for several years and consequently has suffered some deterioration. As part of
a routine facility improvement program, the company spent $80,000 to rehabilitate that
section of the plant last year. The company’s accountant, Mr Bart Simon believes this paid
outlay to be recognised as an expense for tax purposes, and should be charged on the silicon
iPhone cover project. However, he also contends that if the improvement had not taken
place, the firm would have to spend the funds anyway.
5. The company expects to sell 450,000 units of silicon iPhone covers each year at a price of
$3.50 a piece.
6. The new production will also incur an additional $150,000 p.a. in fixed costs. Variable costs
are expected to be $1.90 per cover.
7. The company will also set aside $30,000 at the start of each year for additional advertising
and marketing expenses for this new product line. These revenue and cost projections are all
pre‐tax estimates.
8. PHONE is subject to the same tax rate on its ordinary incomes and capital gain. As of Sep
2017, the tax rates from Australian Taxation Office are:
Source: Australian Taxation Office, https://www.ato.gov.au/Rates/Company‐tax
9. PHONE is a financially sound private company and consistently profitable. However, cash on
hand is not sufficient to cover the capital expenditures for this new project. Nevertheless,
Mr Smith is confident that part of the project’s cost can be financed through a new bank
loan. The company has recently paid in full an existing 10% fixed rate loan. Preliminary
discussions with the company’s bank reveals that PHONE is able to secure a ten‐year loan at a
fixed rate of 9% p.a. with interest payable at the end of each year and the principal owing at
maturity.
10. At present, the company’s total assets on the balance sheet amount to $8 million. Because
the previous bank loan has been fully paid, the company’s equity value matches its asset
value. PHONE shareholders have a 12% p.a. required rate of return for investing in the firm.
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11. If the silicon iPhone covers project is undertaken, the firm will borrow $2 million from the
bank.This newly added liability is expected to raise shareholders’ required rate of return to
14% p.a.
The executive committee wants to see some type of risk analysis on the project. You meet with the
marketing and production managers to determine cash flow estimates. After several sessions, they
concluded that the following variations on the original estimates should be considered:
12. Unit sales at the end of the first year for the new silicon designed iPhone covers product can
increase by about +35% if market conditions are optimistic, or fall by about ‐35% if market
conditions are pessimistic.
13. Depending on consumer trends and competition, the firm can raise the $3.50 sale price by
+20% (at the end of the first year) under optimistic estimates, or be forced to decrease the
sale price by ‐20% under pessimistic estimates.
14. The costs of raw materials are largely influenced by the availability of the silicon which could
vary by ‐30% p.a. and +30% p.a. from the start of the first year under optimistic and
pessimistic conditions, respectively.
15. After reviewing the data provided, you realise that the revenue and cost figures have not
been adjusted for inflation which is expected to average 4% p.a. over the long term. The
revenues are expected to increase at a rate of 4% p.a. by the end of the first year. Fixed,
variable and marketing/advertising costs for the new product are expected to increase at a
rate of 2.5% p.a. from the initial cost estimates because these are largely fixed by contracts.
Your task as a financial analyst is to prepare an investment proposal to Mr Smith and the executive
committee of PHONE. Your proposal should indicate whether the firm should go ahead with the new
silicon product. You must also discuss which of the following alternatives is advisable.
Proposal A: The company purchases a new machinery immediately or,
Proposal B: The company should purchase the pre‐owned machine first, then switch to a
new one at the end of 4 years. (Note: the capital costs are not affected by inflation)
You are also required to provide summaries of the risk analyses for sensitive variables and inform
management of break‐even sales volumes and prices. Your proposal should address the list of
requirements below.
a. Calculate the appropriate Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) for the company if this
project proceeds. Apply this rate as the project’s required rate of return.
b. Prepare the incremental cash flow tables for Proposal A and B. Assume revenue and cost
estimates from note 5, 6, and 7. Include adjustments for inflation in your cash flow
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forecasts. Discuss if the following items should or should not be included in the incremental
cash flow tables.
i. Interest expenses on the $2 million loan;
ii. The $80,000 spent last year to rehabilitate the plant; and
iii. The reduction in sales of existing products and associated production costs.
c. Using the base‐case scenarios, determine the NPVs and IRRs of this project. On the basis of
these measures, should the project be undertaken? And if so, which option is more
profitable for the firm?
d. Consider the impact of unequal lives for Options A and B. Does this change your
recommendation in (c)?
e. Consider the sensitivities of the project’s value against variations to: unit sales, sale price per
cover, and costs of raw materials. Advise management which two variables will need to be
scrutinised carefully if the project is implemented.
f. Using the base‐case scenarios for Options A and B, determine:
i. how low sales volume will have to fall to,
ii. how low sales price will have to fall to, and
iii. how high variable costs will have to rise to;
before the project becomes unfeasible to the company. Discuss how this impacts your
recommendation in (d).
g. Without any calculations, the company would also like you to start a preliminary discussion
on whether the machine for this project, either in option A or B, should be leased or
purchased outright. Your discussion should consider the advantages and disadvantages of
adopting an operating or finance lease for the machine. Address how a lease arrangement
might change your analyses.
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Marking Guide
Question 1 WACC calculation
4 marks
Question 2 Discussions Base case table: A Base case table: B
3 marks 10 marks 10 marks
Question 3 NPVs and IRRs Discussion
2 marks 2 marks
Question 4 Unequal lives calculation: A Unequal lives calculation: B Discussion
2 mark 2 marks 2 marks
Question 5 Sensitivity analysis Discussion of results
3x3=9 marks 2 marks
Question 6 Break‐even sales volume Break‐even sales price Break‐even variable costs Discussions
2 mark 2 mark 2 mark 3 marks
Question 7 Discuss option to lease new product
8 marks
Presentation, and ELP (English Language Proficiency) quality: – Quality of document presentation – Language, grammar and spelling
10 marks
Marked out of 75, scaled to 40% of final grade