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FA18_KNH125_10.Comm.Mental.Health.pptxCommunity Mental Health
Lecture 10
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Overview
Know what is meant by Mental Health, Mental Disorder, Mental Illness, and DSM-V
Understand examples of mental disorders
Emphasis on stress & suicide
Understand mental health challenges
Understand goals of mental disorder treatment
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Introduction
Mental health: Individual’s social and emotional well-being
Mental disorders: Health conditions characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior associated with distress and/or impaired functioning (or, disruption of social/emotional well-being)
Mental illness: All diagnosable mental disorders
Diagnosis through DSM-V
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Introduction
Mental health: Individual’s social and emotional well-being
Mental disorders: Health conditions characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior associated with distress and/or impaired functioning (or, disruption of social/emotional well-being)
Mental illness: All diagnosable mental disorders
Diagnosis through DSM-V
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (“DSM-V” or “DSM-5”)
Most influential book in mental health
Published by American Psychiatric Association (APA)
Classifies disorders based on behavioral signs and symptoms rather than definitive tests or measurements of brain or another body system
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Introduction
Causes of disability for all ages combined (U.S., Canada, & Western Europe, 2000)
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Mental Disorders: Overview
May arise from various causes:
Poor prenatal care; postnatal environment; genetics; environmental factors; brain function impairment; substance abuse; maladaptive family functioning; stress
Various types of mental disorders exist
Focus on some well-known disorders in this class
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Mental Disorders: Overview
May arise from various causes:
Poor prenatal care; postnatal environment; genetics; environmental factors; brain function impairment; substance abuse; maladaptive family functioning; stress
Various types of mental disorders exist
Focus on some well-known disorders in this class
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Stress is a contemporary problem in mental health
Stress: Individual’s psychological and physiological response to real or perceived stressors
Acute vs. chronic (by amount of time)
Eustress vs. distress (by nature of influence)
Stressor: Any real or perceived physical, social, or psychological event or stimulus that causes our bodies to react or respond (can be internal/external)
Mental Disorders: Overview
May arise from various causes:
Poor prenatal care; postnatal environment; genetics; environmental factors; brain function impairment; substance abuse; maladaptive family functioning; stress
Various types of mental disorders exist
Focus on some well-known disorders in this class
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Individuals typically go through three stages when responding to stressors, known as general adaptation syndrome
General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Alarm (initiate “fight or flight” response)
Resistance (sustained high resistance to stress)
Exhaustion (Body more susceptible to disease and sickness)
Mental Disorders
Anxiety disorder
Major depression
Bipolar disorder
Phobias (http://phobialist.com/)
Includes social phobia
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Collection of symptoms that occur as a delayed response to a serious trauma.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors.
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Mental Disorders
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD)
Neurobehavioral disorder associated with hyperactivity or distraction.
Schizophrenia
Biological disease characterized by alterations of the senses
Other compulsion? (Hoarding)
Sleep disorders? (FFI)
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Mental Disorders
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD)
Neurobehavioral disorder associated with hyperactivity or distraction.
Schizophrenia
Biological disease characterized by alterations of the senses
Other compulsion? (Hoarding)
Sleep disorders? (FFI)
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Mental Disorders
Suicide
Led to an unexpected rise in death rates among middle-aged white Americans between 1999 and 2014
Currently the second leading cause of death on college campuses.
Suicide affects persons attempting/committing suicide PLUS friends and families of those persons.
Difficult to spot or address warning signs; need to talk about it for prevention
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Mental Health Challenges
Experiences of people with serious mental illness have improved significantly in past 50 years
Challenges remain:
Mental health stigma
How to provide services to the homeless
Resolving problems of those with mental illness who are incarcerated
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Mental Health Stigma
Are these accurate description of a typical mental patient?
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Mental Health Challenges
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Mental Health Stigma
Are these accurate description of a typical mental patient?
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Mental Health Challenges
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Mental Health Challenges
Homelessness
2.1 million adults experience homelessness over the course of a year
80% temporarily homeless, 10% episodically homeless, 10% chronically homeless
About half of all homeless adults have substance use disorders, major depression, and other co-occurring mental illness
Successful interventions include provision of housing and services they need
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Mental Health Challenges
Mental Health Care in Jails and Prisons
Rates of serious mental illness in U.S. correctional facilities are three to four times the rates in the general population
Correctional facilities designed to confine and punish, not to treat disease
Lack of space, adequate number of qualified treatment personnel, and timely access to services
Once released back into community, more likely to commit crime if untreated
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Prevention of Mental Disorders
Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention applicable to mental disorders
Primary: reduces incidence of mental illness and related problems
Secondary: reduces prevalence by shortening duration of episodes
Tertiary: treatment and rehabilitation
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Treatment of Mental Disorders
Goals of mental disorder treatment is to promote lifestyle/behaviors that make a person’s life better
Reduce symptoms
Improve functioning (personal & social)
Develop and strengthen coping skills
Use of…(1) Psychopharmacology; (2) Psychotherapy; (3) Technology; (4) Self-Help Groups; (5) Psychiatric Rehabilitation Services
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Additional Resources
Student Counseling Service @ Division of Student Affairs, Miami University
Professional, confidential, & inexpensive
Free initial consultation + up to 3 free counseling
Reduced/waived fee available upon request
Visit their website, or call: 513-529-4634
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Additional Resources
TED talk: What’s so Funny about Mental Illness?
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Take-Away Points
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Know the definitions & highlighted concepts.
Special focus on stress as a mental health problem, including the distinction between eustress (+) or distress (-); acute or chronic stress.
Special focus on the General adaptation syndrome.
Understand how myths/stigma surrounding mental disorders are inaccurate.
Know purpose and types of mental disorder treatments.
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Announcement
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Reminder: Assignment #4 due this Saturday
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