Capstone Report

This report was prepared by students as part of a university course requirement. While considerable effort has been put into the project, it was not the work of licensed engineers and has not undergone the extensive verification that was common in the profession. The information, data, conclusions, and content of this report should not be relied on or utilized without thorough, independent testing and verification. University faculty members may have been associated with this project as advisors, sponsors, or course instructors, but as such they were not responsible for the accuracy of results or conclusions.

This report was generally concerned with the designing of the wheel chairs for the incapacitated individuals. It begins with the essential presentation about the wheel chair and its significance for the destitute individuals which experience the ill effects of specific incapacities. After the presentation, the undertaking format was quickly portrayed in the report. The structure, operation and execution of the first framework were portrayed under partitioned headings. After the best possible clarification of the item to be composed, extraordinary light was showered upon the clients' needs keeping in mind the end goal to make the holder as close with regards to the real prerequisites of its clients. The client prerequisites, the designing necessities and the place of value were explained in detail under this heading. At that point the current outline of Wheel chair was examined. Existing plans were clarified alongside their pictorial perspectives for better understanding. The practical disintegration of the gadget was likewise done in this report and a black box was made for recognizing certain information the hand-made figures of every one of these plans were additionally incorporated into their particular headings. Toward the finish of the report, the chose configuration was talked about in detail. The reasons of the determination of this outline were completely examined under the heading of the method of reasoning of the chose plan. Toward the finish of this report, our real outline was clarified. The plan computations of the spring instrument utilized as a part of the Wheel chair were likewise the piece of this report. The 3D model of the Wheel chair was appeared toward the finish of the report from various isometric perspectives for better comprehension of the chose outline.

DISCLAIMER i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii 1 Background 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Project Description 1 1.3 Original System 2 2 Requirements 3 2.1 Customer Requirements (CRs) 3 2.2 Engineering Requirements (ERs) 3 2.3 Testing Procedures (TPs) 4 2.4 House of quality 5 3 Existing Design 7 3.1 Design Research 7 3.2 System Level 7 3.2.1 Existing Design #1: Walgreens Ultra Weight Transport Chair 7 3.2.2 Existing Design #2: Viscco Wheel Chair 7 3.2.3 Existing Design #3: Wheel Chair with a Lap Hugger 8 3.2.4 Existing Design #4: Wooden Sensory Board 8 3.2.5 Existing Design #5: A Stand Sensory Board 8 3.3 Functional Decomposition 9 3.3.1 Black Box Model 9 3.3.2 Functional Model/Work-Process Diagram/Hierarchical Task Analysis 9 3.4 Subsystem Level 9 3.4.1 Subsystem #1: Containment 9 3.4.2 Subsystem #2: Sensory Boards 10 3.4.3 Subsystem #3: Safety 10 4 Designs Considered 11 4.1 Design #1: Wheel Chair with a Desk 11 4.2 Design #2: Lap Hugger 11 4.3 Design #3: Wheel Chair with a Seat Belt 11 4.4 Design #4: A Hexagonal Containment 12 4.5 Design #5: A Hexagonal Containment Sensory Board with Wheels 12 4.6 Design #6: Trampoline Containment Sensory Board 13 4.7 Design #7: Sensory Board to the Wall 13 4.8 Design #8: Rectangular Sensory Board 14 4.9 Design #9: Rotating Circular Sensory Board 14 4.10 Design #10: A Folded Sensory Board 15 5 Design Selected 15 5.1 Rationale for Design Selection 17 6 Proposed Design 20 6.1 Implementation Plan 20 6.2 Resources 21 7 IMPLEMENTATION 22 7.1 Bill of Materials 22 7.2 Manufacturing 24 7.3 Cost 24 8 References 26

Table of Figures

Disabled children face different kind of challenges in their life when they were in a school; as they need to perform certain tasks which require constant movement. Consequently, it tires them so quickly because they burn lot of energy during various manipulation exercises while using normal chairs and desks [1]. Consequently, they perform poorly in academics and thus denying them access to higher levels in the society. Children with disorders in sensory processing lead them to have a distorted sense of their localities, which at most times disturbs their exploration and learning of their world. Sensory incorporation was our brain’s aptitude was to interpret, comprehend and respond to sensory information. Individuals with sensory processing disorder at most times have trouble assimilating and retorting to this information. Comment by old snake: Always “children with disabilities”

Using sensory incorporation products was one main way to assist children with sensory disorder observe and make sense of the world; moreover, these products were perfect for children who lacks sensory processing capabilities, and can aid kids in attaining important growing milestones. One of such sensory incorporation product was a sensory board. It has a task to model a unique device that will have all possible requirements of a disabled child contained in one place so as to minimalize the movements. Precisely, we will design a sensory board that was going to be useful in teaching a disabled child several activities such as pulling, pushing, twisting, switching things on and off and so on. The device will also have a micro-phonic and speaker devices whereby an audio response will be generated for each activity done. For instance, if a child executes a certain task correctly, say pushing a button, the device will generate a sound saying, “well done” and so on. Several versions of a sensory board can be adopted but to best that was effective and meets the purpose, we have to consult with the relevant stake holders including the consumer and the manipulators. Basically, the sensory boards could be standalone boards, amalgamated in the walls or even on the desks.

The team pursues was to smear different skills and information in developing the new system. We have number of targets to achieve, including a better functioning model that was attractive and effective. The design will be comfortable, robust and eye-catching making the children yearn to learn. In addition, electrical engineering work will also so be added, so as to make the design function better.

The proposed design will ensure that it meets all the clients’ standards. For instance, the client, Marshall Elementary Cross-Categorical Program requires a learning device for the schoolroom. It helps one or more disabled children during a school day. However, the design should meet a range of customer needs including a sensory board, containment, comfortable, durable, adjustable and easily operate-able. Based on these customer requirements, the team devised engineering requirements so as to provide a design and its development particulars. In order to cope with a design that fits the client’s needs the team held numerous meetings to brainstorm and exchange probable ideas.

The disabled children in a learning institution like this require a good device to empower them to perform everyday activities without much struggle or using too much physical energy. Therefore our design will help to address all those issues and hence enable them enjoy learning just like normal children. Additionally, it was worth noticing that the design will not only be useful to the children with sensory disorders, but also to the children with some physical disabilities such as walking. This was because the device will attract even these kind of children and make them stand on their feet as they operate the sensory board. This way, they will be capable of doing some physical exercises making their legs to grow stronger.

In this project we were making the original system, there was no such system which has built already so this project was starting from the scratch. Comment by old snake: Delete this one and don’t use quotes on the second sentence

“This project involved the design of a completely new disability aid product. There was no original system when this project began.”

By the end of the project the team will have ensured that both the customer and the engineering requirements were met. These requirements will be contained in the final design system to facilitate effective functioning and also guarantee that the customer necessities were met.

Customer requirements include the requests which were given by both the consumer and the operators. In this case the client was Marshall Elementary Cross-Categorical Program while the users were the disabled students. These were the right people to give the requirements they want since they interact with the devices on a regular basis and hence they exactly know what will best suit them and the necessary adjustments which need to be done include operations which were needed to be added [2]. Their views on how they want the original device improved will be translated into customer requirements as shown in the Table 1 below.

In the above table, customer requirements have been presented as per the specifications of the client. They will be followed by the team when they will be designing the device. The original system will be amended by ensuring that the board has an electrical component so it can produce lighting and sound. The design will be flexible to suit various sizes of the disabled students. This way, its location which was on the wall could be adjusted which solely depends on the height of the user. Strong plastic will be used to guarantee that the device was strong and durable. It will also have a containment so as to entertain the users while they were operating the device.

From the customer necessities which were got from the specifications of the client so as to improve the original design, they were then rendered into various engineering requirements. This was very crucial since it ensures that the requirements were translated into aspects which were definite and determinate for later analysis and interpretation. The engineering requirements were as shown in Table 2 below. Comment by old snake: Watch out of grammar issues like this

Table 2: Engineering Requirements Comment by old snake: Every ER must have a numerical value associated with it, otherwise they need to be reworded so they can have some number for it

The design that our team intends to make should be flexible so that it was able to fit individuals of different heights. Therefore the device will have an adjustment knob so as to adjust the height accordingly. The device will also be strong such that it will yield strength of 6Mpa. It will also be soft and hence soft material will be used. In this instance, the soft material will be the one with a pulling force of less than 5 Pascal. The device will also have a containment so as to keep the student with disability busy and entertained as well as teaching at the same time like playing 40-50 educational songs. They will also have a sensory board to guide the students through various operations like 10-20 lights indications and/or a voice prompt.

· Flexible to a length ranging from 5cm to 15cm with tolerance limit of 0.5 cm.

The adjustment mainly entails the writing board and the height of the seat. In this situation the seat and the writing board were accustomed to the lowest position possible and measurements taken. Then they were attuned to the highest position possible and measurements taken. This enabled the team to get the range of 5 to 15 cm.

· Yield strength of at least 6MPa ± 1KPa.

To test material’s yield strength, the team subjected it to a force. A clamp and several weights of about 50Mpa ± 5KPa were required. Using the clamp, the material was first clamped with the clamp and weight was then positioned over the material. After the test the material did not give in to the weight.

· Soft material.

The measure for the softness of a material was the force vital to break a fiber. In order to measure the breaking force of the fiber, the material was tied on one end to a firm position while the other end was tied to a spring balance. Spring balance’s end was pulled and readings made. Before a reading f 5N was attained the fiber snapped. A soft fabric should not exceed a toughness of 5 newton.

· Containment.

A device which was to teach the students with disabilities on how to count numbers and the months of the year was fixed and tested for its effectiveness.

· Sensory board.

The sensory board was supposed to have instructional lights and voice prompts to guide the student with some ability on various operations.

· Size

Size of the box can determine by the scale. By calculating the width and length of box.

· Weight

Weight of box can measure through the weight scale and test if it lies within the range or not.

· Soft Edges

This can test through by hand if there was any sharp edge present or not.

· Height of Board

It can measure through the scale and find the height of box and test it if it was in within the range or not.

There will be application of HOQ so that it assists in analyzing gadgets given various parameters. Its major aim was to investigate the plan that the tea will select to assist them in settling on the most suitable plan. This will involve integration of the requirements which have been discussed above the requirements include, a device that was flexible, strong, comfortable, light, durable, and simple to operate [2].The HOQ enabled the team to improve the original design to come across the engineering requirements. Comment by old snake: grammar

Variety of devices have been designed to assist the disabled in carrying out various day to day operations. In this regard, the team has made an extensive research so as to check and compare the various devices which were available to help the disabled. The key focus was on a device that will assist the disabled by meeting their proposed customer requirements. In order to recognize the various aspects required to improve the design’s performance the team embarked on looking into a range of already existing designs.

A range of designs have been created to help the disabled. However, the designs were normally improved as time goes on so as to suit the needs of the users. The team analyzed a wide range of existing designs in the market so as to come about with an appropriate design.

Walgreens ultra-weight transport chair was a strong chair which can support up to 300lbs, it has remove able foot rests, a seat belt and wheel locks for extra safety. Also, it has angled armrests to enhance access to counters tables, and desks. In addition it has washable stain- resistant nylon fabric that was inherently and brakes lock for safety [3].

Viscco wheel chair comprises of a removable eating and writing board. Also it has a strong metal frame which was able to endure rough conditions. It has special sealed bearings used for smooth movement hence adding to the comfort of the user. In addition it has a seat made of double bonded Vinyl Fabric with upholstery for comfort and durability [3].

The lap hugger was very crucial since it enhances the security of the user by preventing him from falling forward. It was also crucial for appropriate support to the upper body. In addition, it makes the wheel chair stronger as it was made up of durable foam padding covered with vinyl.

This Sensory can teach kids the basic things in life such as, counting, adding, subtracting, zipping, stapling, etc. This was very vital since it makes them independent and can do maximum of the stuff themselves. In addition to that, the size of this kit was very small to facilitate the kid can spend some time figuring out some materials alone. Studies show that some kids need to spend some time alone when studying to avoid any distractions [4].

The only difference between this design and the previous one was that this design has wooden legs. This design was significant because it enables instructors to teach a group of students at the same instance. It exactly works like a regular board. The instructor, then, can show each student how to use the materials and it can make them practice in front of all the others. When practicing in classroom settings, the student can barely forget what they learned [4]. This was because they saw their friends practicing the materials upon they started playing with the board.

In this project, the major aim was to design device which can be used by the students with disabilities while they were taking their studies in class. Our functional decomposition will be a device which was strong durable, light-weight and easily operate-able. Functional decomposition consist of two models one was black box model and second was functional model or hierarchical task analysis.

Black box model was the functional decomposition and it consists of only inputs and outputs. What was going inside the box was not matter in this case. Black box model basically explains the system working, by telling the inputs and outputs of the system. And at the start of any project, making the black box model was good to understand the system. Black box model for this project was showing in the figure 4.

Comment by old snake: Need the main function of the system in the center of the model instead of “Black Box”, like Teach Life skills

Figure 4: Black box

Black box model has presented in the previous part, and in black box model only inputs and outputs of the system have defined, and what’s going inside the system doesn’t express in black box model. On the contrary functional model was the one which explains the system from inside. It tells the process takes by the system from input to reach the output. This model was also important to completely understand the system. Figure 5 was showing the functional model.

Comment by old snake: Functional model must all connect in some way

Figure 5: Functional Model

After carrying out a thorough research it was evident that when devices were designed in a better approach they were capable to meet customer requirements. This was accomplished by using proper gadgets [5].

Having a variety of containment such as numbers, texture board and pillows which enabled the users to learn new things and feel entertained and comfortable.

The numbers improve the learner’s knowledge by making them know how to count numbers and hence keep them busy and informed.

It enables the students with severe disabilities such that they will be able to differentiate between various textures feels.

It entails positioning pillows which were made from a strong and a washable fabric.

Since the device will be used for teaching the students with disabilities how to perform various activities such as how to pull, push, twist, switch etc. a wheel chair with an appropriate sensory board can be adopted.

The design involves a sensory stimulation tray whose purpose was to entice the vision and sense of touch of the user.

The design entails a sensory board with digital controls and voice prompt to guide the user on various actions.

The design has legs that can be used in regular classroom for teaching materials.

The device should ensure the safety of the user at all times.

They make sure that the device was steady when the student was stationary on a desk.

They enhance access to counters tables and desks.

Existing Design #3: Break Locks

They enhance safety of the operator by locking the braking system.

The team produced a wide range of designs during the brainstorming process which were parallel with the various customer and engineering requirements. Various aspects of design were considered and improvements made on the already existing designs. Some designs which selected were as follows.

The device has a board which can be utilized for writing and eating purposes. This will ensure that students carry out their tasks of readings and writing tasks easily by placing books on this board. It also has wheels to facilitate motion from one place to another. The major challenge with the board was that it must be removed every tie the user was not using it.

The lap hugger provides an appropriate upper body support and also prevents the user from leaning forward. The hugger was made up of durable foam padding covered with vinyl hence making it easy to clean. It also has a clear window for storing reading material.

Figure 7: A Lap Hugger

The design comprises of a safety belt which was fastened around the waist. This was beneficial in that it prevents falls, prevents forward sliding, it has a soft breathable foam to facilitate comfort. Also, the closer was capable to be positioned for self-releasing or even more restrictions.

A hexagonal containment that has a door. Once the child was in, he can play around with a sensory board surrounding him.

A hexagonal containment made of word and it has door which enables the child to get in inside. Once the child touches the wall and play with the materials, the wheels will rotate. Consequently, energetic kids do not fell board because they move from one place to another but inside the hexagonal.

A hexagonal containment has a door and it was made of wood. The base of it was a trampoline shaped. This can entertain the child while he was learning the hexagonal.

Sensory board that was mounted to a wall. This design can enable all kids in the schoolroom use this available learning tools.

The design comprises of a sensory board which has digitalized controls. The board has a wide variety of buttons, door knobs, and some puzzles. Also, the sensory board has different lights which blink followed by a voice prompt either to caution or assuring the user of the correctness of performing a particular action. The unique about this design was that it has wheels which facilitate moving it around the class without exerting any efforts. In addition to that, we were incorporating in this design a stand that can help a disable child to get used to stand up and play with the board because of some of the kids we observed struggle when getting up. The cubic sensory board will attract them, and therefore, help them strengthen their knees.

This design comprises of different kinds of audios that can teach disable children how to read letters, numbers, days, and months. Kids, in general, don’t like to be forced when learning, so we can make this more attractive by making the circular sensory board flashing while rotating. In this situation, the disabled kids were more into learning because it was a game for them.

The purpose of this design was also to teach disable children life’s skills such as, pulling with some resistance, pushing, twisting, switching lights on/off, and zipping. However, the significant thing about this design was that it can be folded and taken away using a handle so that kids do not play with it without their instructors’ permission. Also, this folded sensory board can be turned to a desk. The unique about this device was that it can serve many several things at the same instant.

This design was ought to be taken after what the client needs and connected our building prerequisites. As we did in configuration considered for the 10 outlines. Everyone has distinctive thought and diverse approach to utilize. So we have to make sense of which one was better and can take after our client needs. Therefore we have decided to select the design on the basis of Pugh chart and decision matrix. Pugh chart will narrow down the results to final three designs and decision matrix will narrow down the result to final design.

Table 4: Pugh Chart

From the table, it has cleared that the top three designs which got the maximum points and these three designs were fulfilling the customer requirement at their best. So now move towards the decision matrix to get the final result.

Table 5: Decision Matrix

Decision matrix gave the final result in which the highest marks have obtained by the rectangular sensory board and rectangular sensory board

These Standing Boxes were remotely controlled that give full help to clients while standing who were trying to remain standing after a long time. Spring locks on the entryway make the Standing Boxes additional protected and secure, and the entryway swings open to 180 degrees for simple passage and exit. The base outline keeps the stander from tipping, keep the client securely standing.

Figure 16: Selected Design [8]

Figure 17: Sketch of Selected Design

Benefits of this design:

· Entryway swings 180 degrees

· Whole unit was set on a base intended to avert tipping

· Highlights an elastic secured, in a flash flexible foot stage

· Assists with a patient's initially attempt at working in a standing position

· Spring lock furnishes greatest security with one simple change

This was a fundamental cut out table for the patient's initially attempt at working in a standing position. The standing box includes an elastic secured, in a split second customizable foot stage. The elite Bailey outlined spring lock furnishes most extreme security with one simple modification. The whole unit was set on a base intended to avoid tipping. Entryway swings 180 degrees.

Figure 18: Final Design

Final design has presented before in the previous section and in this section we were presenting that it will going to implement. Final design was rectangular sensory board in which multiple items will hang and provide the learning to the disabled children. It will be moveable and easy to use it. Final design CAD model was showing below:

Figure 19: Final Design CAD model different view sides.

The complete implementation plan of the Stick holder has been described with the help of the Gantt chart.

Table 7: Implementation Plan

The assets required to build up the task from its idea to its full development level incorporate the labor, starting capital cost to start the venture, Conventional machines to make the parts, throwing setups, materials to influence the parts and a get together to line if the parts will be made in extensive number of units. For manufacturing of parts we need access to Machine shop.

Figure 20: Gantt chart For Product Implementation

In implementation process, the manufacturing is the main thing which needs to be done. For the manufacturing of box following is the bill of material to see the materials that will use in manufacturing. Comment by old snake: grammar

Following was the detailed Bill of Quantities calculated against each item to be used in the design: Comment by old snake: Materials

We are in the progress of building the device and we now built the rectangle box and we checked the strength of the corners and we made sure that there is one side that can move which the door side. Also, we bought heavy duty wood so that we can make sure that the device does not topple over if someone leans on it. In addition to that, we are still thinking of safety things so that the device does not topple over easily. So we r thinking to attach circular wood attached on both sides on the device ( right and left) and attach rubber below like so that it can stick to the ground and in this way it can never topple over if someone leans on it. Also, we installed the hinges for the door and we made sure the door is a little bit elevated from the ground so that we do not face any trouble when opening and closing the door. In regards of the stuff that we are putting inside, we attached a wall clock that can help disabled children to know the time by adding and subtracting. For example, if the time is 12 then the kid sees in the clock 6+6 so they have to think and do some calculations in order to know the time and in this way education and entertainment both will happen at the same time. Following are the items that we are adding in the box.

Figure 21: Item that are adding in the box

Following table is showing the cost of project.

Table 9: Bill of Materials Comment by old snake: Make this version of a BOM just as professional as the previous one or call it a table of costs

Final Product is showing below

Comment by old snake: Photo out of focus?

Figure 22: Final Product Outside

Figure 23: Final Product inside

[7] Amazon.com. (2017). Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Available at: https://www.amazon.com/Drive-Medical-Wheelchair-Removable-Footrest/dp/B001HOI7AS [Accessed 2 Dec. 2017].

[8] Boxes, T. and Pediatric Standers, S. (2017). Tip Resistant Individual Standing Boxes - FREE Shipping. [online] Rehabmart.com. Available at: https://www.rehabmart.com/product/standing-boxes-35289.html [Accessed 2 Dec. 2017].

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