Paper Review

Hello class welcome to week 6 and this week you have a literature review assignment due this week. I would like to give you a few tips on how to write an effective literature with an example. Remember, the literature is an overview of the body of knowledge you will use to support the purpose of your study, research question, and hypotheses. Many students are often confused on how to format a literature review, which can make it a confusing process. Each of your research questions will have very simple research questions to questions with multiple (levels) of the independent/dependent variables. Therefore, the goal is to make sure your literature search provides a thorough literature search of each main topic (levels of the independent/dependent variables) and subtopics, to support your research question. What I am saying is establish what your main topics, and what will be their subtopics, and organize them according to their importance in your literature review.

 

· The first step in writing the literature review is begin by providing an introduction paragraph for each of the main topics (this should be done for each main topic). I suggest beginning with the dependent variable. In the paragraph, there should be an overview (definition/theoretical assumptions) of the topic and its importance to the study; this will also include what subtopics that will be discussed. Comment by Darrel Martin: Introduce the topic with a definition/theoretical assumption and supporting sentences that include the subtopics of the lit review.

· After writing the introduction paragraph, the next section will be the topic paragraph. In the topic paragraph there has to be a decision on where you want to begin your literature search. Some authors like to begin their search with the original authors on the topic. Although this can work if these authors methodologies align with your methodology. However, there may be newer studies or authors that are more align with the direction you want to go in, proving your hypotheses. Nonetheless, you can use both new and old authors to support or not support the direction you want to go.       Comment by Darrel Martin: So, if your topic is about Use of force- find journals that support or do not support the use of force, both current and new-and create a compare and contrast. But remember your goal is to find more that support your direction of theory.

· Next, please begin all supporting paragraphs with the author(s) name, purpose of their study, population, and sample. Then, provide the research design followed by the results and findings. Lastly, discussion the implications of the finding from your personal analysis. Thereafter, the goal is to find other studies that support your position. However, you can use studies that do not support your position to strengthen your argument for your hypotheses. I have provided an example below for this last bullet: Comment by Darrel Martin: For example: Martin (2020) studied the correlation of Use of Force against minorities. The purpose of this study was ……., Their population and sample were…….. The findings were…..etc. Once you do this correlate and contrast other research

Here is an example from one of my subtopics, I added here to show you how the Literature Review should “flow”:

Hurt et al. (2013) also investigated burnout, but they used the Maslach Burnout Inventory to measure burnout (e.g., exhaustions, cynicism, professional efficacy) in order determine if personality (five-factor model) attributed to burnout in (ABA) applied behavior analyst therapist. One hundred and thirteen ABA therapists were examined using a correlational research design. The results showed that neuroticism was associated with all three levels (exhaustions, cynicism, professional efficacy) of burnout. It was also found that both extraversion and consciousness had significant negative relationships with exhaustion and cynicism, and positive relationship with professional efficacy. These findings suggest that ABA therapist high in extraversion and conscientiousness experience higher levels of exhaustion and cynicism. Morgan and de Bruin (2010) who also used the Maslach Burnout Inventory to measure burnout showed that extroversion had negative correlations with emotional exhaustion and cynicism but had a positive correlation with professional efficacy.  Comment by Darrel Martin:

Meanwhile, Hurt et al. reported that agreeableness was found to have a positive negative association with exhaustion and cynicism; instead these two burnout levels were related to agreeableness. Conversely, Armon et al. substantiated that agreeableness and exhaustion had no relationship. The findings indicated there might be a discrepancy between Hurt et al. and Armon et al. results do to the use of two different burnout measures, e.g., Maslach Burnout Inventory and Shirom- Melamed Burnout Measure. As for openness, it was not examined due to the inconsistency of research finding confirming a relationship with burnout (Armon et al., 2012; Hurt et al. 2013; Morgan & De Bruin, 2010). However, Morgan and de Bruin (2010) did substantiate a correlation between openness and professional efficacy.  Comment by Darrel Martin: See how multiple journals are used to prove or disprove your hypothesis/research question

The aforementioned findings have provided substantial evidence that various personality traits from the five-factor model contribute to level of burnout experienced by college students and ABA therapist. These findings have further provided connection between negative emotional factors (e.g. negative affectivity, negative emotions, stress and/or strain) such as burnout (e.g. negative affectivity, negative emotions, stress and/or strain) that contribute emotional dissonance. Thus, supporting the premise that the influence or degree of the five-factor model personality traits will act as predictors of emotional dissonance among police officers. (p. 71-73)

Each main topic paragraph should flow like the above example.

Reference

Martin, D. (2016). The examination of the five-factor model as a predictor of emotional dissonance in police officers. Available from Dissertations & Theses @ Grand Canyon University. (1854862913). Retrieved from  https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/docview/1854862913?accountid=7374

God Bless!

Dr. Martin