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A CASE STUDY TO INVESTIGATE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WOMEN AGE AND THEIR CHANCES TO EXPERIENCE SERIOUS DEFECTION EFFECTS AFTER ABORTION.

Cross-tabulation Analyses

Crosstabs

Case Processing Summary
	Cases
	Valid	Missing	Total
	N	Percent	N	Percent	N	Percent
Strong chance of serious defect * Total family income	1646	57.4%	1221	42.6%	2867	100.0%
Strong chance of serious defect * Age of respondent	1793	62.5%	1074	37.5%	2867	100.0%

Strong chance of serious defect * Total family income

*Total family income Strong chance of serious defect Crosstabulation**
Count
	Strong chance of serious defect	Total
	YES	NO
Total family income	UNDER $1 000	13	8	21
	$1 000 TO 2 999	13	12	25
	$3 000 TO 3 999	10	5	15
	$4 000 TO 4 999	6	2	8
	$5 000 TO 5 999	11	3	14
	$6 000 TO 6 999	5	5	10
	$7 000 TO 7 999	14	4	18
	$8 000 TO 9 999	17	9	26
	$10000 TO 12499	43	12	55
	$12500 TO 14999	37	5	42
	$15000 TO 17499	23	10	33
	$17500 TO 19999	37	10	47
	$20000 TO 22499	47	17	64
	$22500 TO 24999	42	15	57
	$25000 TO 29999	46	17	63
	$30000 TO 34999	56	25	81
	$35000 TO 39999	57	23	80
	$40000 TO 49999	108	27	135
	$50000 TO 59999	98	35	133
	$60000 TO 74999	118	45	163
	$75000 TO $89999	106	49	155
	$90000 TO $109999	97	25	122
	$110000 TO $129999	58	16	74
	$130000 TO $149999	49	14	63
	$150000 TO $169999	30	7	37
	$170000 OR OVER	98	7	105
Total	1239	407	1646

Directional Measures
	Value	Asymp. Std. Errora	Approx. Tb	Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nominal	Lambda	Symmetric	.002	.005	.413	.680
		Strong chance of serious defect Dependent	.000	.000	.c	.c
		Total family income Dependent	.003	.007	.413	.680
	Goodman and Kruskal tau	Strong chance of serious defect Dependent	.030	.008		.002d
		Total family income Dependent	.002	.000		.000d
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
c. Cannot be computed because the asymptotic standard error equals zero.
d. Based on chi-square approximation

Chi-Square Tests
	Value	df	Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square	17.404a	11	.096
Likelihood Ratio	16.219	11	.133
Linear-by-Linear Association	4.619	1	.032
N of Valid Cases	1541
a. 5 cells (20.8%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2.34.

Interpretation:

From the above crosstab output table, the value of chi-square statistic between Family total Income and chance of serious defect after abortion 17. 404.The p- value between the two variables is 0.096 as shown from the table. Since the P-value 0.096 is greater than 0.05 we do not reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there not enough evidence that family total income is not associated to chances of serious defect after abortion. The P-value are significant at 95% CI.

Symmetric Measures
	Value	Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nominal	Phi	.174	.002
	Cramer's V	.174	.002
N of Valid Cases	1646

Strong chance of serious defect * Age of respondent

Crosstabs

Case Processing Summary
	Cases
	Valid	Missing	Total
	N	Percent	N	Percent	N	Percent
Age of respondent * Strong chance of serious defect	1793	62.5%	1074	37.5%	2867	100.0%

Directional Measures
	Value	Asymp. Std. Errora	Approx. Tb	Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nominal	Lambda	Symmetric	.004	.005	.808	.419
		Age of respondent Dependent	.003	.006	.612	.540
		Strong chance of serious defect Dependent	.004	.003	1.415	.157
	Goodman and Kruskal tau	Age of respondent Dependent	.001	.000		.698c
		Strong chance of serious defect Dependent	.038	.008		.568c
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
c. Based on chi-square approximation

Chi-Square Tests
	Value	df	Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square	67.369a	70	.567
Likelihood Ratio	71.727	70	.420
Linear-by-Linear Association	1.075	1	.300
N of Valid Cases	1793
a. 27 cells (19.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .50.

Interpretation:

From the above crosstab output table, the value of chi-square statistic between woman Age and her chance of experiences serious defect after abortion 67. 369.The p- value between the two variables is 0.567 as shown from the table. Since the P-value 0.567 is greater than 0.05 we do not reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there not enough evidence that family total income is not associated to chances of serious defect after abortion. The P-value are significant at 95% CI.

Symmetric Measures
	Value	Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nominal	Phi	.194	.567
	Cramer's V	.194	.567
N of Valid Cases	1793

References

General Social Survey (GSS):URL https://gss.norc.org/Documents/spss/2016_spss.zip

Accessed 05/03/2020