SECTION 4
Gracenana
Example22.pdf
Running head: LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 1
Latinx Immigrants Cultural Awareness Toolkit in a Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic
Roberto E. Gimenez
Touro University
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Doctor of Nursing Practice
Jessica Grimm, DNP, RN
Sandra Olguin, DNP, RN
Neoves Diaz, DNP, RN
01/26/2021
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 2
Latino Immigrants Cultural Awareness Toolkit in a Psychiatric outpatient clinic ......................... 4
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 5
Background ..................................................................................................................................... 5
Problem Statement .......................................................................................................................... 6
Purpose Statement ........................................................................................................................... 6
Project Question .............................................................................................................................. 7
Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 7
Coverage and Justification………………………………………………………………………...7
Review of Synthesis……………………………………………………………………………….9
Literature Review………………………………………………………………………………….9
Review of Study Methods………………………………………………………………………..13
Significance of Evidence to Profession………………………………………………………….14
Historical Development of the Theory…………………………………………………………..15
Major Tenets………………………………………………………………..……………………16
Theory application of DNP……………………………………………………………………....18
Setting……………………………………………...…………………………………………….18
Population of Interest…………………………………………………………………………….20
Stakeholders……...………………………………………………………………………………21
Interventions...…...………………………………………………………………………………21
Tools...…………...………………………………………………………………………………23
Data Collection Procedures………………………………………………………………………26
Ethics/Human Subjects Protection…………….…………………………………………………27
Measurable Plan for Analysis……………………………………………………………………28
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 3
Results……………………………………………………………………………………………29
Discussion findings………………………………………………………………………………30
Significance/Implications for Nursing…………………………………………………………...32
Limitations……………………………………………………………………………………….34
Dissemination……………………………………………………………………………………36
Sustainability……………………………………………………………………………………36
References………………………………………………………………………………………..38
Appendix A………………………………………………………………………………………45
Appendix B………………………………………………………………………………………46
Appendix C………………………………………………………………………………………50
Appendix D………………………………………………………………………………………52
Appendix E………………………………………………………………………………………62
Appendix F……………………………………………………………………………………….63
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 4
Latino Immigrants Cultural Awareness Toolkit in a Psychiatric outpatient clinic
Latino immigrants who seek mental health services need culturally competent care to
improve their healthcare outcomes. Misunderstandings concerning the cultural needs of the
Latino population are common among healthcare workers. As a result, health care providers are
often unable to identify and understand the role that culture plays in the lives of most Latino
people, including mental health (Luque et al., 2018). Many Latinos do not seek treatment for
mental issues since they do not recognize their symptoms or do not know where to seek help
(Adames, & Chavez-Dueñas, 2016). Current literature demonstrates that the lack of cultural
competence in health workers has resulted in misdiagnosis as well as inadequate treatment of
mental health issues for the Latino population (Adames, & Chavez-Dueñas, 2016). Latino
immigrants, therefore, continue to receive poor quality care when it comes to their mental health
needs.
A systematic review determined that access to culturally competent care was essential to
increasing health service utilization among the Latino population (Moore, 2017). Additionally, a
study conducted by Govere & Govere (2016) demonstrated that cultural competence training of
healthcare providers significantly improved patient satisfaction and outcomes. This evidence
contributes to the conclusion that in order to increase health service utilization and improve
healthcare outcomes for the Latinos, efforts should be made to provide adequate cultural
competence training to healthcare providers in the United States. Currently, there are no cultural
competence guidelines implemented at the mental health clinic where the DNP project will be
taking place. As a result, the purpose of the DNP project is to implement a Latino immigrant
cultural competence toolkit (LICCT) for healthcare workers at the project site to improve patient
mental health outcomes at the outpatient clinic.
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 5
Background
According to Flores (2017), the Latino population accounts for approximately 17.6
percent of the total U.S. population; in 1980, the Latino population represented just 6.5 percent
of the total U.S. population (Flores, 2017). The number of Latinos is projected to grow to 107
million by 2025 (Flores, 2017) due to the ever-increasing rate of immigration of Latinos into the
U.S. Despite the increasing size in the number of Latinos in the U.S., they are still significantly
less represented in the healthcare workforce. According to Fisher (2018), less than 4% of
healthcare providers in the U.S. speak Spanish, with Texas having the highest proportion at 9%
followed by New Mexico and Florida with 8% and 6%, respectively. Additionally, statistics from
the U.S. Census Bureau report show that 29.8% of Latinos are not fluent in the English language
(Office of Minority Health, 2020).
Due to this language barrier, most health providers do not understand how to effectively
deal with diversity, which raises problems for the Latinx immigrant population. Latinx not only
face language and other external barriers to obtaining mental treatment, but also their cultural
perceptions of mental health care prevent them from getting help. (Cabassa, Lester, & Zayas,
2007). Moreover, their culture has various aspects concerning mental health that many health
care providers fail to understand appropriately and hence cannot provide quality care. For
example, primary mental health care providers fail to recognize specific cultural-bound
syndromes that are characteristic of Latinos such as fright, an evil eye, and nerves, among others;
symptoms that are unique to this ethnic group include uncontrollable screaming, crying,
trembling, physical and verbal aggression, seizure-like episodes, as well as suicidal gestures
(Caplan, 2019). To cater to the mental health care needs of this minority group, there is a need
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 6
for health care providers to understand such syndromes and symptoms for purposes of providing
care that considers their cultural perspectives and beliefs (Camacho, 2015).
Problem Statement
Racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. are generally less satisfied with the health care
services that they receive (Adames, & Chavez-Dueñas, 2016). Although there has been policy
and research emphasis on delivering culturally competent mental health care, there is little
evidence concerning what frontline mental health care providers consider to be culturally
appropriate care (Adames, & Chavez-Dueñas 2016). Existing research also suggests that various
challenges hinder them from delivering culturally appropriate health care in their everyday
practices.
It is essential for healthcare providers to have a proper understanding of the cultural needs
of Latino immigrants surrounding mental health issues. Mental health care providers should also
be sensitized concerning specific aspects of both Latinos' learning style as well as their illness
perception, along with other perspectives such as authority and physical contact issues (De
Freitas, Crone, DeLeon, & Ajayi, 2018). To achieve this cultural competency among mental
health care providers, it is essential to provide education and training concerning the perspective
of Latinos on mental issues (Cabassa, Lester, & Zayas, 2007). Mental health providers at this
DNP project site, a mental health clinic in urban Florida, do not yet have training on providing
culturally competent care for Latinos.
Purpose statement
This project aims to provide a Latinx immigrant cultural competence toolkit (LICCT) for
healthcare workers in an outpatient mental health clinic. When mental healthcare providers are
able to approach care with cultural competence, they can gain the trust of their patients to
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 7
encourage them to speak freely about their symptoms that can then be used in diagnosis and
treatment. This project aims to eliminate cultural barriers that hinder Latino immigrants from
receiving appropriate mental health care, such as lack of diversity in the mental health
workforce, language barriers, and ineffective communication (Boykin, Schoenhofer, &
Valentine, 2014). This will be achieved through training of health care providers on cultural
norms and expectations of care of Latinos. Latino immigrants will also be provided with a toolkit
of resources to assist them with their mental healthcare.
Project Question
This project shall incorporate the PICOT question method as the guide for answering the
project questions. The project question is:
Does the implementation of a cultural competence toolkit aimed at Latino immigrants
improve culturally competent care and increase resource referral for this population?
Objectives
In the timeframe of this DNP project, the following objectives will be met:
1. To administer an educational seminar for the multi-disciplinary team in the health
facility, consisting of one psychiatrist and two Mental health Nurse practitioners, to train
them on culturally competence practice guidelines and the LICCT.
2. To develop a LICCT and implement it at the mental health clinic project site.
3. To increase the resource referral of Latino immigrants during mental health visits at the
project site.
Coverage and Justification
Limits for the review of literature were set to achieve the desired results. The selection
benchmark used for this review include those examining Latino communities, study design of
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 8
systematic reviews or qualitative and quantitative studies, peer reviewed reports, and involving
the mental health setting.
The PICOT question was used as the primary search method to obtain sources. The
question was: Does the implementation of a cultural competence toolkit aimed at Latino
immigrants improve culturally competent care and increase resource referral for this population?
Govere and Govere (2016) conducted a general review on of literature to evaluate the effect of
cultural proficiency education of physicians on patient satisfaction. They concluded that
culturally competent practitioners had a significant positive impact on patient satisfaction
(Govere and Govere, 2016). Similarly, Jongen, McCalman, and Bainbridge (2018) undertook a
systemic review, and established that culturally proficient training of the health workforce was
the main strategy of reducing healthcare disparities among ethnic minorities.
The search terms used to guide the selection of secondary sources include Latino,
immigrants, minority communities, culturally sensitive healthcare, mental health clinic, and
LICCT. The search results generated over 500 results. Initially, 100 journal articles and academic
books were found to have potentially relevant titles and abstracts. Out of those results, 20
duplications in multiple databases were eliminated. Further specifications were used with
Boolean phrases such as ‘cultural competence among Latino immigrants and mental health,’
‘mental health and Latino immigrants,’ ‘cultural themes in mental health among Latino,’ and
‘culturally competent healthcare service among the Latino group.’ Eventually, the search yielded
ten peer-reviewed journals and academic books that covered the PICOT question, which had
been published in the past five years. A full-text screening followed the screening of titles and
abstracts.
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 9
Review of Synthesis
The theme development process was based on an analytic examination of the previous
studies related to various aspects of social phenomena through literature reviews and analysis of
transcriptions. Online data bases use included, Cochrane library, Agency for Healthcare
Research and Quality (AHRQ), PubMed, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health
Library (CINAHL). The emerging themes from the review of literature included lack of
knowledge among professionals on the different cultural practices among minority communities,
lack of knowledge about traditional remedies, poor representation of minority communities in
the healthcare workforce, poor cultural competence education, and diagnostic errors emerging
from miscommunication. The themes provided insight into the implications for knowledge,
practice, policymaking, and research on mental health among minorities.
Literature Review
The primary objective of the review of literature was to examine the cultural proficiency
of physicians among minority communities with a specific focus on the Latino group. In this
regard, the project leads used themes that emerged to identify the current state of cultural
healthcare perceptions among professionals, patients, and the community members, identify the
factors and challenges that influence the cultural competence, relationship, and communication
among caregivers and patients, and provide recommendations on how to improve care for
cultural competence. The search terms that guided the selection of articles include minority
representation in the nursing profession, cultural competency training, barriers to cultural
training, and miscommunication in healthcare. An online search produced a total of 800 results.
Out of which 200 were journal articles and published books. The search generated 8 articles
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 10
when it was further narrowed to peer-reviewed sources published from 2010. The articles were
then used to conduct the literature review.
Cultural Knowledge Among Healthcare Workers
The increasing population of minorities in America has triggered the need for an
ethnically proficient workforce. However, most healthcare institutions in America are not
culturally competent to provide services to minority communities due to sociocultural
bottlenecks, namely clinical impediments organizational challenges, and structural constraints
(Oriana, Schilgen, & Mosko, 2019). Organizational challenges impede the accessibility of care
and include things such as the representation of the minority population in the workforce (Oriana
et al., 2019). Structural constraints result from the red tape in healthcare systems. Clinical
impediments occur in the patient-healthcare professional interactions. Healthcare institutions
must invest in cultural competence strategies to mitigate the glaring disparities evidenced in
health outcomes. Barrera & Longoria (2018) performed a systemic literature review to assess
some of the cultural obstacles that Latinx face when seeking mental health treatment. The
researcher established that cultural sensitivity enhance communication between the physician
and the patient (Barrera & Longoria, 2018). Similarly, Larson, Mathews, Torres, and Lea (2017),
in their qualitative study, sought to evaluate the relationship practitioners and elderly Latinx in
rural areas. They found that healthcare providers need to require cultural sensitivity education to
meet the needs of their patients (Larson et al., 2017). Therefore, healthcare stakeholders should
promote culturally sensitive training to promote patient outcomes.
Poor Representation in the Healthcare Workforce
Poor representation of minorities in the healthcare workforce is also a challenge to
providing culturally sensitive care. Even though minority communities constitute 37% of the
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 11
American population, minority nurses only take up 16.8% of the total nursing population (Loftin,
Newman, Dumas, Gilden, & Bond, 2012). Minority representation in the workforce significantly
influences service delivery across all settings because nurses care for all patients regardless of
their background. Loftin et al. (2012) conducted an integrative review to identify the challenges
that nursing students face. They concluded that the most common challenge that nursing students
experience in the course of their education was financial support (Loftin et al. (2012). Most
students work to pay for education and support their families (Loftin et al., 2012). The ever-
increasing college expenses and inadequate information on where nursing students can receive
financial help in the form of scholarships or grants worsens their situation. A recent study survey
indicates that 3 out of 4 Hispanic college students have difficulties completing their coursework
because they are more likely to sign up for part-time classes, which allow them to work and
support their families (Healthypeople.gov, 2020). Thus, financial support to minority students
will increase their completion rate.
Besides, mental illness was another challenge hinder minority student from completing
their nursing education. DeFreitas, Crone, Deleon, & Ajayi (2018) conducted a survey to
determine perceived mental health stigma among African American and Latino students. The
researchers discovered that ethnic minority students were less likely to seek mental health
treatment because of fear of being stigmatized (DeFreitas, 2018). Thus, to improve the
representation of ethnic minorities in the health workforce, financial support and mental health
services are required for nursing students.
Cultural Competence Education
Cultural competence education is vital in promoting healthcare equality. Jongen,
McCalman, & Bainbridge (2018) performed a systemic scoping review to determine the role of
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 12
cultural proficiency training in effecting healthcare interventions. They discovered that the
development and training of healthcare personnel were the most effective means of achieving a
culturally sensitive healthcare system. Likewise, Sanchez, Killian, Eghaneyan, Cabassa, and
Trivedi (2019) employed a pretest-posttest research technique to evaluate the impact of culturally
competent depression education on practitioners understanding of mental health among Hispanic
patients. They discovered that education and cultural training reduces stigma and improves
patient engagement (Sanchez, 2019). Most studies treat patient satisfaction among minority
communities as a secondary issue or tend to have extensive coverage of impacts of cultural
competence (Govere & Govere, 2016). Due to the broad coverage of cultural competence in
healthcare, managers do not have the information they need to understand how their current
cultural knowledge base affects service delivery. Successful cultural competence education
involves developing partnerships between communities and healthcare providers (Bhatt &
Bathija, 2018). The approach guarantees that policies and organizational management will be
reflective of the problems on the ground and representative of the community, respectively.
Among the Latinos in North America, patients were generally satisfied with the healthcare
services because they are the majority in that region due to the availability of provider-targeted
cultural competence in the organizational, clinical, and systemic levels. Cultural competence is
directly associated with an increase in patient satisfaction among minority communities.
Miscommunication
Culture defines the rules of communication. According to the Center for Disease Control
(CDC) (2019), misunderstanding and miscommunication may result when people use ethnic
jargon and dialects, which may lead to increase patients’ risk of misdiagnosis and dissatisfaction.
A systemic research in Northern Australia to determine the cultural impediments to healthcare
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 13
found that language barriers often lead to miscommunication since the aboriginals speak over
100 dialects (Li., 2012). Consequently, lack of speech-language pathologists (SLP) in the region
makes patients vulnerable to misdiagnosis due to miscommunication. Moreover, Amirehsani et
al. (2018) conducted qualitative research on the healthcare experience Latinx adults residing in
North Carolina. They established Amirehsani et al. (2018) that the patients experienced language
barriers since most practitioners are not bilingual, and there are few trained interpreters, which
often lead to misunderstands and medical errors. Therefore, healthcare institutions need to invest
in reducing the cultural disparities that impede healthcare delivery.
Review of Study Methods
The emerging themes from the literature review revealed that Latinos are at an increased
risk of poor mental healthcare services due to cultural incompetence. Misunderstandings on the
cultural practices and beliefs of the Latino population are prevalent among physicians, which
complicates patients’ ability to receive care and workers’ knowledge on how to tailor
interventions to suit their needs. Steinberg, Zickafoose, DeCamp, Valenzuela-Araujo, and
Kieffer (2016) performed and secondary data analysis to assess the experience of Latina mothers,
who have limited English Proficiency, seeking pediatric care. Steinberg et al. (2016) found that
many mothers complain of being misconstrued and stigmatized due to language barriers. Others
did not want to attend follow-up visits because they were afraid of being a burden as they would
require interpreters (Steinberg et al., 2016). Such misapprehensions on the patients’ cultural
background or language negatively affect how Latinx receive care.
Another theme in the studies was the common understanding of cultural competencies
regarding mental health, and how their operationalization differed according to profession,
individual, health setting, or locality (Mollah, Antoniades, Lafeer, Bianca Brijnath, 2018). In the
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 14
healthcare workforce, to be culturally competent means having values promotes professional
development, reflexive thinking, and flexibility. Whereas flexibility implies having an open-
minded approach to a patient’s cultural affiliations, reflexive thinking refers to the general sense
of awareness and how it influences the conceptualization of the patients’ health concerns
(Mollah et al., 2018). On the other hand, professional development encompasses having
‘working knowledge’ about various cultural or ethnic groups. The literature review shows that
Latinx workers translate the three values into their mental healthcare conceptualization along
with three realms: procedural, functional, and integrated (Mollah et al., 2018). To improve
mental health among Latinx, the government needs to incorporate systemic measures that
promote the inclusion of people’s cultures into the system to enhance communication between
patients and healthcare workers.
Significance of Evidence to Profession
The LICCT for healthcare workers in an outpatient mental clinic presents an opportunity
for the healthcare sectors to enhance the diversity in its workforce to improve patient outcomes
among Latinos. Dune, Caputi, and Walker (2018) performed a systematic review published
research regarding the practitioners’ attitudes towards linguistically and culturally diverse
patients. They established that cultural competencies improve patient outcomes by enhancing the
client-physician collaboration (Dune et al., 2018). Additionally, the project creates an
opportunity to understand how cultural competence affects mental healthcare service delivery
from an institutional, social, and professional perspective. George, Smith, O’Reilly, and Dogra
(2019) undertook a participatory research to assess the perceptions of patients with mental
disorders and establish ways to promote diversity in healthcare education. They established that
the increasing complexities in healthcare systems demand evidence-based educational models for
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 15
teaching diversity (George et al., 2019). The institutional angle explores the structural and
systemic challenges that impede the creation of a workforce that is representative of the minority
communities (George et al., 2019). That is, how educational attainment or financial resource
allocation affects the incorporation of sociocultural issues in the provision of mental healthcare
services. From a social perspective, this project provides critical insight into understanding how
linguistic challenges among professionals affect patient satisfaction among Latinos. Lastly, the
project highlights aspects of professional development that require improvement to encourage
cultural competence and diversity in the workforce.
Historical Development of the Theory
The Donabedian model was first introduced in the year 1966 by its proponent Avedis
Donabedian. He was at the time a scientist at the University of Michigan. His article "Evaluating
the Quality of Medical Care" investigated the three elements of the model: structure, process,
and outcome. According to the paradigm, quality healthcare has to satisfy all three tenets. The
author focused more on making sure that quality and systems worked effectively for the overall
healthcare of the patient. Quality is usually the attached judgment to an outcome, and, therefore,
it is somewhat subjective (Donabedian, 2005). The Donabedian model was created to avoid the
biases of the definition of quality health care. It became prevalent in the 1970s. Although other
models were later introduced, for example, the World Health Organization patient healthcare
quality model and Bamako initiative, Donabedian has remained a dominant paradigm that
continues to be used to assess health care (Ayanian and Markel, 2016). Part of the reason why
the model has remained popular is because of its empirical nature. Throughout the years, it has
focused on the instrumental goal and shifting the power to patient-centeredness (Berwick & Fox,
2016) to improve patient outcomes.
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 16
The Donabedian model played an essential role in the development of the Quality,
Implementation, and Evaluation model. The paradigm comprises healthcare policies, patient
awareness, healthcare physician's deed, and answerability, among others (Talsma, Mclaughlin, &
Bathish, 2014). The policies are currently used in healthcare facilities globally. One of the
policies used is in the implementation of a pre-operative skin prep that contains alcohol (Talsma,
Mclaughlin, & Bathish, 2014). Some of these programs include aspects of ethics and physician's
responsibility and tasks for the overall performance of the healthcare facility. It is utilized to
introduce learners into education in the health sciences (Botma & Labuschagne, 2017).
Moreover, it helps students comprehend their identity tasks (Bridges, Davidson, Odegard, Maki,
& Tomkowiak, 2011). The Donabedian model assists learners in realizing the professional roles
that healthcare providers embrace. For instance, through the outcome tenet of the Donabedian
model, learners get to see the importance of ensuring they give clear and concise explanation of
the drug prescription to the patient (Botma &Labuschagne, 2017). A study shows that through
the help of the process tenet in the Donabedian model which looks at what is being done,
educators prefer to move from simple to complex during teaching. The use of this structure helps
learners to understand the content without feeling overwhelmed (Botma &Labuschagne, 2017).
Major Tenets
Structure
The structure includes the features of a setting that provides care. The structure courses
are also known as input measures. The features are both internal and external. The latter include
infrastructure and financial resources. The former comprises the healthcare facility's organization
and human resources, among others (Larson & Yarzdanny, 2012). If healthcare lacks sufficient
financial resources, it may fail to provide quality treatments and acquire the necessary
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 17
equipment. Scarce funds also lead to healthcare providers going unpaid, which in turn reduces
their motivation to work better. Faulty or outdated equipment, for example, a Computed
Tomography scan, makes the work harder. In case it is faulty, it may provide false results.
Therefore, it is important to ensure all healthcare facility infrastructures have been evaluated
(Larson & Yarzdanny, 2012).
Process
The tenet comprises of all actions that occur during and after the provision of care.
According to Larson and Yarzdanny (2012), the process feature of the Donabedian model
analyses the interaction between the healthcare providers and the patient. It also includes the
ethical and legal procedures of healthcare provision. The relationship between the patient and the
healthcare provider largely depends on their individual judgments on each other's character.
(Foot & Raleigh, 2010). Therefore, to achieve effective results, evaluation should be done to
ensure that outcomes and interventions are not hindered. The process tenet also focuses on the
length of time the patient has to wait for the treatment and whether or not they are informed
about the delays. An effective process highlights the value of the healthcare facility. All the
underlying issues in the process tenet will impact the quality of the facility.
Outcome
The outcome seeks to answer questions pertaining to the service received. They comprise
the following: Did the patient understand the instructions of his medication? Did the patient
follow the instructions as advised? Did the health condition of the patient improve? The answers
to all these questions describe the outcome, which leads to the determination of the quality of
care. The outcome category emphasizes the impact of healthcare on the patient (Larson &
Yarzdanny, 2012). The tenet also focuses on the mortality, the quality of life after the treatment,
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 18
and the length of admission. From my general deduction, the outcome element is the most
important as patients use it to get a recommendation of quality healthcare facilities from their
friends and colleagues. It also displays the effectiveness of other tenets since an excellent process
and structure seemingly lead to a good outcome.
Theory of Application to the DNP Project
The Donabedian model is well versed in guiding this DNP project. It has been used in
the past to develop systematic and evidence-based systems that are applied to improve the
quality of healthcare (Kunkel, Rosenqvist, & Westerling, 2007). The tenets will be employed as
a guide to implementing this conceptual framework fully. The utilization of the three
Donabedian elements will help divide the project into manageable and organized steps. The
tenets will form the basis of the data collection, which will eventually lead to an empirical
conclusion and recommendation. The application of the Donabedian model is useful as a
conceptual framework for this project.
Structure
The DNP project will benefit from this tenet in the formation of an evidence-based
guideline. The project will research the organization of the healthcare facility and collect data on
how many healthcare providers communicate or are aware of the Latino culture (S1). It will
investigate the cultural diversity of the healthcare facility (S2). The DNP project will look at the
facilities available in the Latino communities and ways in which to promote cultural competence
(S3).
Process
The process tenet is how often do we do what we are supposed to do. To answer this
question, there is need to assess current practices around cultural competence before and after
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 19
(P1). The process also relates to education implementation. An educational seminar will be
administered for the multi-disciplinary team in the health facility to train them on culturally
competence practice guidelines and the LICCT (P2). There will also be a need for attendance of
all members of the healthcare facility including psychiatrist and a Mental health Nurse
practitioner (P3).
Outcome
The outcome tenet deals with the final result after the treatment. A most desirable
outcome is to measure staff cultural competence before and after the intervention. The
implementation of culturally competent toolkit aimed at Latino immigrants will help assess
whether resource referral increases (O1). A culturally competent staff increases trust level with
Latino patients and decreases cultural barriers.
Setting
The project setting is an outpatient psychiatric clinic in Hialeah, Florida. Florida is an
ideal location for this project because it has a large population of Latinx immigrants. Moreover,
the population of Latino immigrants in the USA is set to rise rapidly in the coming years
(Adames and Chavez-Dueñas, 2016). The project is thus useful to the clinic and other psychiatry
practices both now and in the future. The practice is small and consists of one psychiatrist, two
psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners, one medical assistant, one from desk and one office
administrator. The clinic uses Valant Psychiatric Electronic Record as the system for keeping
clinical electronic health records.
Valant Psychiatric Electronic Record helps minimize labor at the clinic and makes the
provision of services more efficient (Valant, n.d.). It is useful for scheduling patients, billing
them, and keeping records of patient information. It also provides continuous access to patient
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 20
files for the various cadres of health workers at the clinic, thereby ensuring patient care is
seamless. Furthermore, some patients learn about the clinic online because of Valant Psychiatric
Electronic Record. Valant Psychiatric Electronic Record will be a useful source of information
while collecting data for the project since it contains documentation for patients seen at the clinic
(Valant, n.d.).
Population of Interest
This project’s population of interest includes both the health care providers at the
outpatient psychiatric clinic and the patients seen at the clinic. The health care workers will form
the direct population of interest. The staff members are the ones who need to have cultural
competence awareness, and the project will focus on them (Adamson et al., 2011). In the clinic,
the health workers include one psychiatrist, two psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners,
one front office staff, one medical assistant, and one clinic administrator. The inclusion criteria
will be health workers treating patients with mental health conditions that identify as Latinx
immigrants. The exclusion criteria will be anyone who works at the clinic, permanently or
temporarily, but does not provide care for mental-health patients who are Latinx immigrants, this
inclusion criteria will exclude the front-office staff and any other workers who are not involved
in the treatment of Latinx immigrants who come to the clinic for mental health treatment.
The indirect population of interest will be the Latinx population with psychiatric mental
health illness. The inclusion criteria for the indirect population of interest will be Spanish
speaking adults who identify as a Latinx immigrant and are visiting the outpatient psychiatric
clinic for treatment of mental health conditions. The exclusion criteria will be any patients apart
from Latinx immigrants visiting the clinic; this excludes patients from other ethnicities and
Latinx immigrant patients visiting the clinic for issues other than mental health.
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 21
Stakeholders
The key stakeholders in this project are the owner of the clinic, the medical director, and
the health workers. The clinic owner is an important stakeholder since they have significant
control over the clinic’s working (Frasier et al., 2017). The owner has an ultimate say in the
hiring and firing of employees. Moreover, the owner also helps develop policies for employees’
training and the implementation of cultural competence policies (Frasier et al., 2017).
Permission had to be obtained from several people in charge of the clinic at various
capacities. Permission was granted from the site administrator, the owner, and the medical
director. The permission ensures that carrying out the project at the clinic is both ethical and
legal. The site administrator and the clinic owner have oversight over the whole clinic hence the
need to get their permission. On the other hand, the medical director is involved in the clinic's
day-to-day activities, including the documentation of patients seen and the services offered to
these patients. The permission of the director is thus elemental for the success of this project.
There is no need for affiliation agreements for this project.
Intervention
Several activities have taken place in preparation for the implementation of the
intervention. First of all, there was a selection of the mental health clinic, followed by a signed
agreement that authorizes the intervention to be taken place at the clinic site. The proposed
project was presented to the Touro University of Nevada and approved by the DNP project chair
and members. The site administrator and Medical Director of the site were consulted regarding
the enrolment of participants.
The participants have received detailed information on their role and participation in the
project to reach the end goal.
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 22
The activities are expected to take place at the mental health clinic during regular office
hours. The clinic administrator will be in charge of selecting medical assistants whose role will
be to identify the Latinx immigrant, ethnicity which will be evaluated through the patient
demographic intake form at the clinic. Patients that require community resources and assist the
providers with a resource list for them. The project lead will be available to assist the medical
providers with any questions about the LICCT tool, as well as the specifics of each of the
resources within the tool. I will also be available with questions and guidance for the medical
assistants regarding documentation of resources provided to patient. In the event that I am not
available on grounds; a telephone and email contact will be provided to all participants for quick
access. The intervention will take place on November 4, 2020 through December 1, 2020. The
following is a weekly timeline of the implementation.
Week 1: During the beginning of this week the medical providers will take part in
educational training. The training will be presented in a power point and the IAPCCR-R pre-test
and post-test evaluation will be provided to all medical providers prior to the presentation. The
presentation will include a detailed explanation of the resource tool. During the second half of
this week implementation of the resource tool will begin.
Week 1-4: Implementation of resource to patients during in-office visits. Ongoing
education and support to participants will be available through these weeks. Data collection and
assessment of compliance will be conducted on a weekly basis in order to capture any
opportunities needed for re-training.
Week 5: During this week compiling of data for analysis should be completed and
statistical testing should be performed.
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 23
The implementation phase shall commence on November 4, 2020, and end on December
1, 2020. Later, the project lead and the medical providers are expected to have a meeting and
share the final data collected and analysis at the end of the intervention.
Tools
The tools that will be utilized during this DNP project include IAPCC-R, the LICCT,
educational presentation, and chart review tool. The following is an explanation of each tool.
LICCT (Appendix B)
The LICCT tool is composed of several resource assistance organizations with their
address and phone numbers. The five resources included in this tool are food assistance,
clothing, vocational training, employment services, and interpretation services.
The food assistance organizations provide USDA food distribution of canned goods,
fresh products, and groceries. The centers also provide emergency food, breakfast, lunch, and
dinner in different days of the week for those in need.
The clothing assistance organizations clients may obtain free hot showers for men and
women multiple days a week and a free exchange of clean clothing, shoes, and shower programs.
They also provide blankets and accessories to meet the needs of children, victims of crime, and
people affected by poverty, and homelessness.
The vocational training assistance organizations provide the tools and resources
necessary to help minorities to achieve financial stability. The services they offer include
financial coaching and education, credit counseling, free income tax preparation, and income tax
return, job training, interviewing skills and resume building, job orientation and training, resume
writing, vocational training, and job placement.
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 24
Employment services provide job placement referrals in addition to various course and
training through community programs.
Interpretation services will be available to assist the patient with translation of
documents, onsite interpretation, and telephonic interpretation.
IAPCC-R (Appendix C)
The Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence Among Healthcare
Professionals-Revised (IAPCC-R) will be used as a pre/post questionnaire before
implementation and after all interventions to assess the providers' knowledge. According to
Transcultural CARE Associates (2015), the IAPCC-R© was developed by Dr. Campinha-Bacote
in 2002. It is a revision of the Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence
Among Healthcare Professionals (IAPCC). The IAPCC, which is no longer available for use,
was developed by Campinha-Bacote in 1997 and is based on her cultural competence model, The
Process of Cultural Competence in the Delivery of Healthcare Services (1998). Cronbach's alpha
of the IAPPC© was established at .81 (Wilson, 2003). The IAPCC only measured four of this
model's five constructs (cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skill, and cultural
encounters) and not the fifth construct of cultural desire. In 2002, Campinha-Bacote revised the
IAPCC by adding five additional questions to measure the fifth construct of cultural desire. This
revision led to the instrument's last name. Further research was conducted on IAPCC-R© to be
used with students, and a student version (IAPCC-SV) is currently available (the IAPCC-R
website). Permission for the use of the (IAPCC-R) to assess the level of cultural competence of 3
mental health providers was granted on August 29, 2020. The total cost was $48 for 6 tools
which will be divided in 3 pre/post questionnaires. The permission only grants administration of
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 25
the tool via an onsite pencil and paper method which will be personally hand administered. All
other formats of administration are against contractual agreement.
Educational Presentation (Appendix D)
According to Bhui, Warfa, Edonya, McKenzie, & Bhugra (2007), cultural competency is
considered an essential requirement for medical providers in the specialty of mental health,
providing care to culturally diverse patient groups. Ongoing education and training have proven
to yield improved compliance in medical management and healthcare quality for ethnic groups
(Bhui, Warfa, Edonya, McKenzie, & Bhugra, 2007). Due to the considerable confusion about
what constitutes cultural competence at the organization, the need for competence training is
deemed crucial for the project's success. An educational presentation has been developed by the
project lead using a PowerPoint presentation, pre/post survey, and LICCT handouts. The
training's goal is to provide consistency among the providers of the clinic on how cultural beliefs
and practices of Latino immigrants may affect their perception of mental health illness, health
behaviors, and acceptance of resource assistance. The training will take place at the organization
and will be conducted by the project lead with the medical director and administration's
permission. A three-hour session will be allotted for the educational presentation.
Chart Review Tools
Two chart audit tools have been incorporated in the project. The first tool has been
composed of two sections (Appendix E) to evaluate participant’s knowledge of cultural
competency through educational presentation and pre/post questionnaire. The second tool
(Appendix F) is a scale tool to evaluate the knowledge in cultural competence of the participants
and the need for further education. Both tools have been developed by the project lead and
reviewed for quality by the project team and the stakeholders at the site. In addendum the
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 26
participants will also be evaluated for their compliance in providing and discussing the available
resources with the patient and documenting the plan accordingly during the office visit.
Data Collection Procedures
Data collection in the healthcare sector is a sensitive activity. Under the stipulated
nursing and healthcare principles, it must be done avoiding infringing patients' privacy,
confidentiality, or disclosing their essential information to the public and third parties. Data will
be made anonymous for confidentiality by hiding patient identities, locations, and addresses.
This approach will help protect the patient's information and reaching unintended people.
When collecting data, the project lead will undertake both pre- and post-survey results
assessments to profoundly impact the possible statistical analyses' choice to be conducted at the
group level (Alessandri et al., 2017). The data will be stored in digital form to avoid
manipulation by other parties since it may potentially result in incorrect data.
The IAPCC-R survey will be administered as a pre-test to evaluate cultural knowledge by
participants. Immediately after this survey is completed by the providers an educational training
via a power point presentation will be conducted by the project lead delineating the purpose,
goal, and each step of the project. Following the education training all providers will receive the
same survey to evaluate their level of learned competency. Both surveys will be provided to the
participants at the same time before the educational session. Since the surveys are the same, the
lead will label the surveys as Pre-1 for pre-test 1 and Post-1 for post-test as identifiers. Surveys
will be labeled with each participant name but will be entered in the code book with unidentified
initials. Directly after the collection of all pre/post survey questions, the audit tool (Appendix F)
will be completed, and results entered in the codebook. Once medical provider competency has
been established, the intervention will begin, and data will be collected weekly. Data will consist
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 27
of whether each Latino immigrant patient seen by a medical provider at the clinic receives the
resource information according to their needs. The medical providers will be required to address
the resources provided in their assessment and plan portion of their progress note. The
compliance of the intervention will be collected weekly by the project lead and entered in the
codebook. Finally, once the four weeks of implementation have ended, data analysis will be
conducted using the appropriate audit tool (appendix E).
Ethics/Human Subjects Protection
The project site does not have and Institutional Review Board (IRB) committee therefore
as per Touro University research guidelines an IRB determination form was used to determine
whether that this project does not require IRB review due to being a quality improvement
project. The required ethical standards including the data collection and privacy will be met
during the project. The project meets the minimum requirements for a quality improvement
project and the proposed interventions are viable in the healthcare industry.
While in the process of implementation, the project lead will have access to the data to
protect the participant's confidentiality. Equally, data identifiers will be removed and destroyed
to keep the information anonymous and attributed to meet the project principles.
All participants will be enlightened on the benefits and risks of participating in the
project. Benefits include providing the needed data to help identify interventions that can help
bridge healthcare gaps, more so to the Latino people. For instance, the data will help determine if
healthcare providers are aware of the Latino culture. This may lead to development of a system
that can help health caregivers to determine this population health perception and the care to
prioritize. The risks of participation include loss of confidentiality and privacy. However, the
project lead will mitigate such risks by appropriately and rigorously reviewing the data collection
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 28
process and ensure participants' rights are protected and adhere to ethical norms (Vanderbilt
Kennedy Center [VKC], 2020). The participants will not be compensated as per the agreement
made with the facility.
Measurable Plan for Analysis
Data were first tested for requisite statistical assumptions prior to data analysis. All
assumptions were met, including normality of the distribution of score. However, because the
analysis was non-parametric in nature, violations of assumptions are not problematic because
non-parametric statistics are employed when requisite parametric assumptions are not met such
as sample size or normality. The data collected from the pre- and post-interventions will be
assessed through SPSS Statistics software to get insights for an informed conclusion. Because
the sample size is small, Fishers' exact test will be applied to analyze the data of the chart review.
The data collected from the three participants will be first cleaned by ensuring that there are no
null data sets. The Fisher’s exact test is a non-parametric test used to determine the correlation
between two variables (Datascienceblog, 2018). In this case the comparison would be with no
protocol pre-implementation and a newly developed cultural competence protocol implemented
at the mental health clinic a practice changes to improve provider competency. The improvement
in cultural competence will be evaluated by the pre/post survey using the IAPCC-R Scoring Key
(Appendix F), and a descriptive statistic with a simple percentage to report improvement will be
utilized. Code book will be developed to collect all data using unidentifiable code names. All
project information will be stored in a designated computer provided by the site with project lead
only access.
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 29
Result
Table 1 presents descriptive statistics and the Pearson’s r between pretest and posttest
IAPCC-R scores for the sample of providers. Figure 1 displays the pretest and posttest IAPCC-R
score whereas Figure 2 presents the IAPCC-R change score.
Table 1
Descriptive Statistics and Zero-Order, Bivariate Correlation of Pretest and Posttest Inventory
for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence Among Healthcare Professionals-Revised
(IAPCC-R) Scores
Variable Pretest Posttest r
M SD M SD IAPCC-R Score 87.30 4.73 98.00 2.00 0.21
N = 3
Note. M = Mean; SD = Standard Deviation; r = Pearson’s zero-order correlation coefficient.
Figure 1. Pretest and posttest IAPCC-R scores for each provider.
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 30
Figure 2. Change in pretest to posttest IAPCC-R score, taken by subtracting the pretest score
from the posttest score, and thus, indicating growth in score.
Results revealed that there was a 10.25-point increase (95% confidence interval = 7.00,
16.00) in IAPCC-R score from pretest to posttest. However, results of the Fisher’s Exact Test for
dependent samples were not statistically significant, χ2 (2) = 6.00, p = .103. However, it is
important to note that the effect size, Glass’ Δ = 2.34, is considered a large effect size, suggesting
that although statistical significance was not met, the results are practically significant.
Regarding provider compliance, providers complied 75.9% of the time (frequency = 60),
with non-compliance occurring 24.1% of the time (frequency = 19). The 95% confidence
interval for compliance percentile is 71.1% to 80.7%.
Discussion of findings
The project question was, "does cultural competence toolkit implementation focused on
Latinx immigrants enhance cultural competence care and raise resource referral for the
population?" The outcome answered questions regarding received services and rates of resource
referral. The project successfully implemented the LICCT that focused on Latinx immigrants.
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 31
The project intervention had a positive effect on the providers' cultural competence scores and
resource allocation to patients in the clinic. The effective process highlighted the value of the
clinical facility.
The project highlighted professional development features requiring advancement to
improve cultural competence and the workplace. Latinx immigrants looking for mental health
services needed cultural competence care to enhance healthcare results. Misunderstanding of the
Latinx population's cultural needs is rampant among clinical professions (Furman, Negi,
Iwamoto, Rowan, Shukraft, & Gragg, 2009). Healthcare providers find it hard to identify and
understand the role culture plays in Latino people's lives (Barrera & Longoria, 2018).
Mental health provider cultural competence was measured through the IAPCC-R pre and
post-test. The results of these finding revealed an increase in 10.25-point increase (95%
confidence interval = 7.00, 16.00) in cultural competence and applicability of the knowledge
attained. During the scrutiny of the pre and post-test responses by the medical providers, results
revealed various areas of improvement post educational training. Most of the providers
expressed more knowledge about worldwide views, beliefs, practices, and lifeways of Latinx
groups. Also, there was a noted increase in recognition of stereotyping attitudes, preconceived
notions, and feeling the providers felt towards this population group which aligns with current
literature (Sanchez, Killian, Eghaneyan, Cabassa, & Trivedi 2019). The increased knowledge in
these crucial aspects of cultural competency directly impacted the increase in scores. These
findings meet the first objective of this project to train all medical providers at the project clinic
site on culturally competent practice. Existing research supports the conclusion that culturally
competent healthcare is important because it increases health service utilization and improve
healthcare outcomes for the Latinx population (Govere & Govere, 2016).
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 32
Regarding the compliance of the medical providers, a retrospective chart review was
conducted. The chart review indicated a 75.9% % compliance to providing the LICCT to all
Latinx immigrant populations visiting the mental health clinic through the project's
implementation phase. Lastly, the results also indicated some medical providers that did not
comply with providing the LICCT to patients. During one of the post statistical analysis
meetings with providers to evaluate the project's results, the medical providers admitted to
skipping this step during a few visits as they were not accustomed to this intervention in the day-
to-day service to their patients at the clinic. According to Moore, Lavoie, Bourgeois, & Lapointe
(2017), access to culturally competent care by healthcare providers is key to increasing health
service utilization, increase.
Significance/Implications for Nursing
According to the United States Census Bureau (2011), an estimated 25% of Latino fall
under the poverty lines. Low socioeconomic status has significant implications in patient’s
health, access to care, affordable care. Culturally competent care needs to include appropriate
services and resources to eliminate these barriers (Cabassa, Zayas & Hansen, 2006;
Kouyoumdjian, Zamboanga & Hansen, 2003). The LICCT for healthcare professionals presented
platforms for the healthcare sector to promote diversity and increase outpatient resources. It was
composed of many resource organizations, including phone numbers and addresses. The tool's
five resources were food assistance, vocational training, clothing, interpretation, and employment
services. Food assistance firms offer USDA food distribution of groceries, fresh products, and
canned goods. The center gives emergency food, lunch, breakfast, and dinner.
Likewise, the clothing assistance clients receive hot showers in exchange for clean
clothing, shower programs, and shoes. They also offer accessories and blankets to meet the
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 33
requirements of kids, the homeless, and victims of crime. Vocational training assistant firms
offer resources and tools vital in helping minorities achieve financial stability. The services are
financial coaching, free income tax education, credit counseling, job training, and interview
skills. Employment services give referrals for job placement, courses, and training using
community programs. Interpretation service is necessary for assisting the patient to gain
documents translation, onsite, and telephone interpretation.
Mental health workers need sensitization regarding specific features of Latinx styles of
learning and illness viewpoints. Mental health practitioners at the DNP project site located in
urban Florida did not have cultural competence training to handle Latinx resource needs. The
project offered LICCT for healthcare providers in an outpatient psychiatric clinic. Generally,
mental health providers who approached care concerning cultural competence received trust
among patients and encouraged them to talk about their needs (Camacho et al., 2015). The
project eliminated cultural barriers, which hindered Latinx immigrants from getting adequate
mental health resources. They included language problems, limited workforce diversity, and
ineffective conversation. Authorities achieved it through training healthcare workers on cultural
expectations and norms associated with Latinx.
The project's success involved community assistance programs in collaboration with
medical providers at the clinic site; the strategy guaranteed policies and organization
management reflecting on Latinx problems with mental health resource concerns. According to
Cabassa, Zayas, & Hansen (2006), Latinx low economic and insufficient knowledge of where to
seek care and services have served as barriers for this underserved group. Patients had general
satisfaction with healthcare services due to the presence of provider-inclined cultural
competence. Cultural competence had a direct link with patient satisfaction among Latinx
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 34
communities. Through Florida Health, translation services were available as part of the LICCT
in non-bilingual medical providers to lower communication barriers. However, these services
were not used since all providers during the implementation process were fluent in Spanish. It is
fundamental for healthcare organizations to invest in cultural diversity and promote healthcare
delivery to the minority population (Flores, 2017). Through the implementation and use of this
LICCT tool, healthcare systems can ensure all Latinx immigrant patients have access to
community resources that centers on their individual's distinct needs. By evaluating and training
a diverse healthcare workforce to represent the patient population they serve, healthcare systems
could provide better access to care and reduce disparities.
Limitations
Project Design Limitation: The project design of QI project has limitations of producing
biased data.
Data Recruitment Limitation: The setting of the project is single healthcare facility, which
cannot provide complete data for implementing an efficient LICCT for healthcare workers.
Data Analysis Limitation: The post statistical analysis meetings with providers to evaluate
the project's results were skipped on several visits, which can also result in biased opinions.
The project design of QI project has limitations of biased data because the use of specific
technology, staff being involved and negative behavior of managers towards quality
improvement can significantly influence the outcome. An element of bias can also be the
healthcare facility failed to provide copies of LICCT due to a technical fault. The shortcoming
can have a significant impact on the findings, which should be considered as a limitation.
Although the unresponsive respondents have been acknowledged, their exact statistics are not
provided, which can potentially lead to biased data.
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 35
Additionally, the project is set at a single healthcare facility, which cannot provide
complete data for implementing an efficient LICCT for healthcare workers. Every organization
has specific environment and culture, which guides employees to engage with each other for
achieving different objectives. As Latinx have significant representation in American population
(17.6%), they are virtually present in every state (Flores, 2017). Hence, representative data for
such large population cannot be obtained from a single location. Thus, the results of the project
cannot be generalized for the nurse practitioners working in healthcare organizations across the
country.
Additionally, ethnic minorities living at different geographical locations have diverse
values and perception about mental health. Therefore, health workers working at one facility
cannot claim to have complete knowledge about cultural norms of a specific community. The
literature review reveals that scholars recognize specific cultural-bound syndromes that are
characteristic of Latinx such as fright, an evil eye, and nerves, among others; symptoms that are
unique to this ethnic group include uncontrollable screaming, crying, trembling, physical and
verbal aggression, seizure-like episodes, as well as suicidal gestures (Caplan, 2019). However,
all these symptoms and abilities to address them cannot be found at a single location. Thus, the
findings of the study might have been more reliable if the sample population would be scattered
at various geographical locations.
Another limitation in the project is the fact that the post statistical analysis meetings with
providers to evaluate the project's results was skipped on several visits, which can also result in
biased opinions. Hence, the project may have some reliability issues due to these limitations.
Further projects should be conducted to verify the findings of the present project.
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 36
Dissemination
Developing an effective dissemination strategy is necessary for increasing awareness
about the project findings among the potential audience, which will be helpful in optimizing the
impact of the research. Appropriate dissemination will entail getting the study findings to the
target group and stakeholders. The project’s key stakeholders include the clinic owners, medical
director, and health care professionals. The project lead engages with these primary audiences,
engaging them from the study planning to findings dissemination the investigator will establish
networks, utilize conferences, social networking platforms, and websites to share knowledge and
improve awareness of the project. Powerful opinion leaders, including the media and political
representatives, will be deployed to serve as champions. I will send the manuscript of my project
to different nursing journals for having opinion of the audience. I will also submit my project to
the doctorsofnursingpractice.com repository to share my findings with the professionals of my
field. I will also produce posters for placing at various places in the nursing conference taking
place at our institution during the next month. The project will also be lead can also supplement
the publication with formal presentations (formal talks and roundtable discussions), which have
numerous opportunities to share the research findings.
Sustainability
The project meets the criteria for sustainability because it uses LCCIT as an intervention
resource to teach cultural competency to the medical practitioners of the mental health care
clinic. Thus, the findings will also be relevant for the staff of the site in future. The staff will only
need LCCIT to learn about cultural values of Latinx population to provide them quality
healthcare. The only resource required will be a photocopier or printer to produce multiple
copies of the toolkit for the medical staff. Hence, the cost will be almost insignificant to apply
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 37
the intervention used in the project in the future. Thus, the literature of the project will
considerably contribute to create awareness among healthcare professionals about Latinx
population.
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 38
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Appendix A
DNP project site attestation.
DNP project site.
From: Manuel Garcia
([email protected]) To:
Date: Tuesday. March 31, 2020,
11:53 PM EDT
I, Dr. Manuel Garcia, with this email, confirm that Roberto Gimenez has my approval to conduct the DNP project at Manuel A. Garcia, MD, PA office. Our facility does not require a clinical or affiliation agreement. If any further questions, please, do not hesitate to contact our office.
Manuel. A. Garcia, MD Psychiatrist/ Neurologist magarcia.md@y ahoo.com. Main phone: (305) 328-9115
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 46
Appendix B
Latino Immigrant Cultural Competence Toolkit (LICCT)
Food assistance Asistencia de alimentos
Open Arms - Emergency Assistance Program (305) 263-3259 5556 SW 8th St, Coral Gables, FL 33134. Email: www.openarmscommunitycenter.org We speak English, and Spanish, open at 9:00am the 2nd and 4th Thursday of the month.
Open Arms - Emergency Assistance Program (305) 263-3259 5556 SW 8th St, Coral Gables, FL 33134. Email: www.openarmscommunitycenter.org Se habla Español y Ingles, abierto a las 9:00am el 2do y 4to Jueves de cada mes.
Pass It on Ministries (305) 681-1594 14617 NW 7th Ave, Miami, FL 33168 We speak English, and Spanish. Open at 10:00 am - 3:00pm from Monday-Friday.
Pass It on Ministries (305) 681-1594 14617 NW 7th Ave, Miami, FL 33168 Hablamos Español y Ingles. Abierto de Lunes a Viernes de 10:00 am a 3:00 pm.
Missionaries of Charity - Mother Teresa Home for Women In Distress (305) 326-0032 724 NW 17th St, Miami, FL 33136. We speak English, and Spanish. Emergency Shelter: 4:00 pm - 6:30 am from Friday to Wednesday. Soup Kitchen: 9:30 am - 11:00 am from Friday – Wednesday (Closed Thursdays).
Missionaries of Charity - Mother Teresa Home for Women In Distress (305) 326-0032 724 NW 17th St, Miami, FL 33136. Se habla Ingles y Español. Abiertos de Viernes a Miercoles de 4:00 pm a 6:30 pm para refugio y se ofrese comidas de Viernes a Miercoles de 9:30 am a 11:30 am. Cerramos los Jueves.
Salvation Army - Community Pantry (305) 637-6720 1907 NW 38th St, Miami, FL 33142 Email: www.salvationarmymiami.com. We speak English, Spanish, and Creole. Open at 8:30 am from Monday to Thursday.
Salvation Army - Community Pantry (305) 637-6720 1907 NW 38th St, Miami, FL 33142 Email: www.salvationarmymiami.com. Hablamos Ingles, Español, y Creole. Abierto a las 8:30 am de Lunes a Viernes.
Vocational Training Entrenamiento Vocacional
Association for The Development of The Exceptional. (305) 573-3737. 2801 N Miami Ave, Miami, FL 33127. We speak English, Spanish. Open at 8:00 am - 4:00 pm from Monday to Friday. Email: www.ademiami.org.
Association for The Development of The Exceptional. (305) 573-3737. 2801 N Miami Ave, Miami, FL 33127. Hablamos Ingles y Español. Abrimos a las 8:00 am - 4:00 pm de Lunes a Viernes. Email: www.ademiami.org.
Centro Campesino. Tel: (305) 245-7738 x 225. 35801 SW 186th Ave, Florida City, FL 33034. Email: www.centrocampesino.org. We speak English, and Spanish. Open at 9:00 am - 6:00 pm from Monday-Friday.
Centro Campesino. Tel: (305) 245-7738 x 225. 35801 SW 186th Ave, Florida City, FL 33034. Email: www.centrocampesino.org. Hablamos Ingles y Español. Abrimos 9:00 am - 6:00 pm de Lunes a Viernes.
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Community Coalition: Refugee Program. (305) 887-4140. 300 East 1st Ave, Suite 201, Hialeah, FL 33010. We speak English, and Spanish. Open at 9:00 am - 5:00 pm from Monday to Friday. Email: http://www.communitycoalition.info/#!/cktc
Community Coalition: Refugee Program. (305) 887-4140. 300 East 1st Ave, Suite 201, Hialeah, FL 33010. Hablamos Ingles y Espanol. Abiertos de 9:00 am - 5:00 pm de Lunes a Viernes. Email: http://www.communitycoalition.info/#!/cktc
Employment Empleos
Abriendo Puertas, Inc. (305) 649-6449. 1401 SW 1st St, Suite 209, Miami, FL 33135. Open at 9:00 am - 5:00 pm from Monday-Friday. We speak Spanish, and English. Email: abriendopuertasfl.org. Provides job placement referrals in addition to various classes and trainings through the Adult and Community Education Program.
Abriendo Puertas, Inc. (305) 649-6449. 1401 SW 1st St, Suite 209, Miami, FL 33135. Open at 9:00 am - 5:00 pm from Mon-Fri. We speak Spanish, and English. Email: abriendopuertasfl.org Provides job placement referrals in addition to various classes and trainings through the Adult and Community Education Program.
Branches United Way Center for Financial Stability. Email www.branchesfl.org/home/programs- 2/achieve/united-way-cfs/. We speak English, Spanish, and Creole. Open 9:00 am - 5:00 pm from Monday-Friday. Call for appointment.
Branches United Way Center for Financial Stability. Email www.branchesfl.org/home/programs- 2/achieve/united-way-cfs/. Hablamos Ingles, Español y Creole. Abierto a las 9:00 am - 5:00 pm de Lunes a Viernes. Llame para cita.
Casa - Social Program: Employment and Referral. (305) 463-7468 x10. 10300 SW 72nd St, Building 300, Suite 387, Miami, FL 33173. We speak English, Spanish. Open 9:30 am - 5:00 pm from Monday to Thursday and 9:30 am - 2:00 pm Friday. Email: www.casa-us.org
Casa - Social Program: Empleos y refereridos. (305) 463-7468 x10. 10300 SW 72nd St, Building 300, Suite 387, Miami, FL 33173 Hablamos Ingles y Espanosl. Abiertos de 9:30 am - 5:00 pm de Lunes a Jueves y de 9:30 am - 2:00 pm los Viernes. Email: www.casa- us.org
Centro Campesino- Tel: (305) 245-7738 x225. 35801 SW 186th Ave, Florida City, FL 33034. Email: www.centrocampesino.org. Open doors 9:00 am - 6:00 pm from Monday- Friday. We speak English, and Spanish.
Centro Campesino- Tel: (305) 245-7738 x225. 35801 SW 186th Ave, Florida City, FL 33034. Email: www.centrocampesino.org. Abiertos de 9:00 am - 6:00 pm de Lunes a Viernes. Hablamos Ingles y Español.
Creative Staffing. (305) 362-5300. 6625 Miami Lakes Dr. Suite 382, Miami Lakes, FL 33014. Open 9:00 am - 5:00 pm from Monday – Friday. We speak English, and Spanish. Email creativestaffing.com.
Creative Staffing. (305) 362-5300. 6625 Miami Lakes Dr. Suite 382, Miami Lakes, FL 33014. Abiertos de 9:00 am - 5:00 pm de Lunes a Viernes. Hablamos Español. Email creativestaffing.com.
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Clothing Ropa Camillus House, Inc. (305) 374-1065 x 429. Address: 1603 NW 7th Ave, Miami, FL 33136. We speak English, Spanish, and Creole. Email/correo electronico www.camillus.org.
Camillus House, Inc. (305) 374-1065 x 429. Address: 1603 NW 7th Ave, Miami, FL 33136. Hablamos Ingles, Español, and Creole. Email/correo electronico www.camillus.org.
First United Methodist Church of Miami – Breakfast Club Ministry, 305-371-4706, ext. 400, Biscayne Blvd, Miami, FL 33132. We speak English, and Spanish. Open at 7:30am until food runs out, Wednesdays, Friday, and Sunday. Email: www.fumcmiami.com.
First United Methodist Church of Miami – Breakfast Club Ministry, 305-371-4706, ext. 400, Biscayne Blvd, Miami, FL 33132. Hablamos Ingles y Español. Abiertos de 7:30am hasta que se acabe la comida. Abiertos Miercoles, Viernes y Domingos. Email: www.fumcmiami.com.
Neat Stuff, Inc. (305) 638-5878 2624 NW 21st Ter, Miami, FL 33142. Email: neatstuffhelpskids.org
Neat Stuff, Inc. (305) 638-5878 2624 NW 21st Ter, Miami, FL 33142. Email: neatstuffhelpskids.org
Part of The Solution Foundation, Inc. 786- 486-2895. 6023 NW 22nd Ave, Miami, FL 33142 We speak English, and Spanish. Open from 7:30 am - 7:00 pm from Monday-Friday
Part of The Solution Foundation, Inc. 786- 486-2895. 6023 NW 22nd Ave, Miami, FL 33142. Hablamos Ingles y Español. Abiertos de 7:30 am - 7:00 pm de Lunes a Viernes.
Part of The Solution Foundation, Inc. 786- 486-2895. 6023 NW 22nd Ave, Miami, FL 33142. We speak English, and Spanish. Open from 7:30 am - 7:00 pm from Monday-Friday.
Part of The Solution Foundation, Inc. 786- 486-2895. 6023 NW 22nd Ave, Miami, FL 33142. Hablamos Ingles y Español. Abiertos de 7:30 am - 7:00 pm de Lunes a Viernes.
Interpretation and Translation Services Servicios de interpretación y traducción Florida Health 4052 Bald Cypress Way, Tallahassee, FL 32399 850-245-4444; [email protected] Subject to available funding, the Refugee Health Program provides bilingual staff in county health departments whose provide on- site interpretation, telephonic interpretation, and document translation.
Florida Health 4052 Bald Cypress Way, Tallahassee, FL 32399 850-245-4444; [email protected] Sujeto a los fondos disponibles, el Programa de Salud para Refugiados proporciona personal bilingüe en los departamentos de salud del condado que brindan interpretación en el lugar, interpretación telefónica y traducción de documentos.
South Florida Translations Miami Office By Appointment Only 14 NE 1st Ave Miami, FL 33132 305-907-6676 We provided variety of personal documentation translated into English to get a
South Florida Translations Miami Office By Appointment Only 14 NE 1st Ave Miami, FL 33132 305-907-6676 Proporcionamos una variedad de documentación personal traducida al Inglés
LATINX IMMIGRANTS CULTURAL AWARENESS TOOLKIT 49
job, find legal help, immigration, get driving privileges and more.
para conseguir un trabajo, encontrar ayuda legal, inmigración, obtener privilegios de conducir y más.
Josef Silny & Associates 7101 SW 102 Avenue Miami, FL 33173 (305) 273-1616 Our Purpose is to assist international students, U.S. citizens, and permanent residents educated abroad in foreign credential evaluation and translation to determine the foreign education equivalency in the United States. JS&A is a Member of the National Association of Credential Evaluation Services (NACES) and a Corporate Member of the American Translators Association (ATA).
Josef Silny & Associates 7101 SW 102 Avenue Miami, FL 33173 (305) 273-1616 Nuestro propósito es ayudar a los estudiantes internacionales, ciudadanos estadounidenses y residentes permanentes educados en el extranjero en la evaluación y traducción de credenciales extranjeras para determinar la equivalencia de educación extranjera en los Estados Unidos. JS&A es miembro de la Asociación Nacional de Servicios de Evaluación de Credenciales (NACES) y miembro corporativo de la Asociación Estadounidense de Traductores (ATA).
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Appendix C
Permission letter for the use of The Inventory for Assessing the Process Of Cultural Competence
Among Healthcare Professionals- Revised (IAPCC-R)
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Appendix D
Educational Presentation
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Appendix E
Chart review tool
Developed by Roberto Gimenez RN, AGNP-BC
Chart Review Tool
Medical providers were present for cultural competence presentation? Yes/No
Medical providers completed an IAPCC-R evaluation pre implementation? Yes/No
Medical providers provided resources information to patients according to LICCT tool?
Yes/No
Medical providers completed an IAPCC-R evaluation post implementation Yes/No
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Appendix F
IAPCC-R Scoring Key
