PSYSCHOLOGY PSY101

PSY101 Exam Part B

Please answer the following questions on a separate word file and upload

the file via LMS.

This is an open book exam; however, your responses must be your own

work. You do not have to include in-text citations or a reference list, but

your submission will be processed by Urkund, and any sections that the

system indicates are taken from other sources will be excluded from

marking and potentially reported for academic misconduct.

Short essay questions

Please provide responses to all the questions below.

1. Read the abstract below. A researcher is interested in replicating the

study in Australia. Identify and discuss two (2) issues they might

encounter relating to bias and equivalence in cross-cultural research.

Self-esteem, empathy and their impacts on cyberbullying among young adults

Abstract

This paper investigated the impacts of self-esteem and empathy on cyber bullies, victims and bystanders. Additionally, it also examined their impacts on emotional responses experienced, and actions taken by the perpetrators, victims and bystanders. Self-administered surveys were used to gather data from a large sample of 1263 young adults, mostly university students in Malaysia (M age = 20.9 years; SD = 1.22). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Toronto Empathy Scale were used to measure self-esteem and empathy, respectively. Binary logistic regressions revealed no significant impacts of self-esteem and empathy on the participants, regardless of their roles. However, self-esteem was found to have significant relationships with victims’ feeling angry and reporting a cyberbullying incident. As for bystanders, self-esteem also had significant relationships with feeling angry, sad, victim-pity and defending the victims. Empathy had no significant relationships with any of the actions and emotional responses for bullies, victims and bystanders.

Balakrishnan, V., & Fernandez, T. (2018). Self-esteem, empathy and their impacts on cyberbullying

among young adults. Telematics and Informatics, 35(7), 2028-2037.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.07.006

2. Chidozie and Maduka both moved to the United States of America from

Nigeria in the 1980s. Chidozie valued and maintained his Nigerian

cultural identity, and valued and maintained relationships with

Americans and American culture. Maduka also valued and maintained

his Nigerian cultural identity, but did not maintain relationships with

Americans or American culture.

Discuss the different acculturation strategies and the potential

similarities and differences in outcomes for Chidozie and Maduka.

3. You are a psychologist and you have a new client called Meilin. Read the

information below and discuss two (2) issues that you will need to

consider when assessing and treating Meilin.

Meilin is an international student from China. She has been living in student

accommodation at a university in the USA for about five months. She is a

diligent student and she has achieved high marks in all her units so far. Meilin

felt sick about a month ago and she visited the Medical Centre at her

university to see a doctor. Dr. Smith told her that she had the flu. But her

condition didn’t get any better, so she went back to see the doctor several

times. On her most recent visit the doctor suspected that she might be

experiencing depression and recommended that she see a psychologist.

4. The governments of many countries have enforced lockdowns,

quarantines and curfews to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Discuss the

potential reactions of citizens to these measures in relation to

Hofstede’s cultural domains of Individualism-Collectivism and Power

Distance.

5. You have been asked to deliver an information session on intercultural

communication to a group of English-only speaking volunteers at a

community refugee support centre. What you will teach them in relation

to obstacles to effective intercultural communication and how to

overcome them?