Final emax

Descartes believed that he could be absolutely certain about his new-found knowledge.

Question 2 options:

Save

In order to test the his ability to claim to know anything at all, Descartes decided to intentionally _____ everything he supposedly knew and to try to figure everything out from scratch.

Question 3 options:

Save

Thomas Hobbes believed that we obtain knowledge using our ______.

Question 4 options:

Save

Francis Bacon was one of the pioneers in developing the _______ method.

Question 5 options:

Save

Kierkegaard is often referred to as the father (or grandfather) of _______.

Question 6 options:

Save

Kierkeegard stresses that the idea that life is full of either/or decisions in which one is forced to make a choice (because doing nothing is a choice itself), making it necessary to take a leap of _____ without having logical proof of which answer is correct.

Question 7 options:

Save

Nietzsche claimed that traditional values and philosophy were helpful to one's life.

Question 8 options:

Save

Nietzche believed that "God is dead," meaning that he believed that the idea that God exists is no longer something that an intellegent person could honestly believe in.

Question 9 options:

Save

Nietzsche believed that a race of superior humans, those who were the most capable, would end up replacing present-day humanity.

Question 10 options:

Save

Karl Marx believed that history was the story of the universe becoming aware of itself.

Question 11 options:

Save

Karl Marx is thought of as the father of the political philosophy known as ______.

Question 12 options:

Save

Marx believed that history is the story of the struggle between ______ and the working class.

Question 13 options:

Save

Hegel hated knowledge that wasn't directly based on sense data.

Question 14 options:

Save

Marx blaimed virtually all the world's problem on economic (material) ______.

Question 15 options:

Save

Edmund Husserl wanted to turn philosophy into _______.

Question 16 options:

Save

Jean Paul Sartre believed that life had no meaning other than the meaning that _______.

Question 17 options:

Save

Sartre believed that people possess total freedom, but with that freedom comes full responsibility for our actions.  To deny this (according to Sartre) is _______.

Question 18 options:

Save

Martin Heidegger believed that understanding the "meaning of being" was the fundamental task of philosophy.

Question 19 options:

Save

Sartre believed that reality centered around the spirit force of the universe.

Question 20 options:

Save

David Hume believed that words such as "God" which denote things that we cannot see were nonsense, because all knowledge is based on sense data.

Question 21 options:

Save

Hume believed that it was _____ to prove a causal connection (a cause/effect relationship) between events because our senses cannot directly detect causation.

Question 22 options:

Save

Kant referred to things that cannot be studied with our senses as _____.

Question 23 options:

Save

Kant believed in a system of ethics that was based on moral ______, not on consequences.

Question 24 options:

Save

Kant believed our brains were naturally set up to sort our sense data into categories.

Question 25 options:

Save

Michel Foucault believed that language only had meaning within the context of the discourse community, or "epistime," with which it was associated.

Question 26 options:

Save

Richard Rorty believed that the key to learning was to be objective, something very easily done by an educated person.

Question 27 options:

Save

Issues with regard to artificial intelligence, or "AI," are a major issue in philosophy today, with philosophers debating how closely computer programing could ever replicate the human mind.

Question 28 options:

Save

Thomas Kuhn showed that even ______ is influenced by our biases as humans.

Question 29 options:

Save

Jaques Derrida felt that it is impossible to be aware of all one's biases, and would attempt to show how our atttempts to be objective are actually products of our biases.  He called this process ______.

Question 30 options:

Save

Because he wanted to distinguish his version of pragmatism from the teachings of William James, Charles Sanders Pierce renamed his philosophy "pragmaticism."

Question 31 options:

Save

Pragmatists are not relativists - they believe that truth is a fixed thing that can only be learned through pure reason, as experiential knowledge is unreliable.

Question 32 options:

Save

Pragmatists believed that an idea was true if it worked, which led them to being focused on matters that were very ______.

Question 33 options:

Save

Bertrand Russell believed that it was important to focus on the way we use _______ in philosophy.

Question 34 options:

Save

_______ believed that Philosophy was handicapped by the fact that language has limits with regard to what it can express, and we have no way of expressing what might lie beyond those limits.

Question 35 options:

Save

Nietzche believed that slave morality had long kept humankind down, but the overman, with master morality, would rekindle human creativity and advancement.  Compare and contrast these two forms of morality. (at least a paragraph for each, 10 points).

Question 36 options:

Save

Explain Hobbes' idea of the social contract. (4 sentences)

Question 37 options:

Save

Kierkegaard believed that life forced people to make "either/or" decisions.  What did he mean by this?  How does this relate to his idea of a "leap of faith.?" (4 sentences)

Question 38 options:

Save

Explain how Utilitarians (Bentham and Mill, as an example) made moral decisions.  (4 sentences)

Question 39 options:

Save

Explain why Marx felt that capitalism was unfair and would inevitably give way to communism. (4 sentences)

Question 40 options:

Save

Bonus:  Explain postmodernism.  How does it attempt to redefine how we look at the world?   How does it critique earlier forms of philosophy?  (4 sentences) (5 pts)

Question 41 options:

Save

Bonus:  Describe Kant's moral theory.  What according to Kant is necessary to make an act a moral act? (4 sentences) (5pts)

Question 42 options: