Exam Essay

EXAM - DEFINITIONS Concepts HIS 1110 Dr. G. J. Giddings

Student Name: Joseph Sigmon

Directions:

Fill in the blanks with the full correct definition from answer sheet; no abbreviations!

History -record and struggle of a people in the process of humanizing the world; shaping it in their interest/image

C.E. - Common Era, replaces “AD” (Anno domini - Year of our Lord)

Rift Valley 168,000. B.C.E. -Area in Africa with archeological evidence of earliest humans

Africanisms in Black culture - oral, communal, Spiritual & matrifocal

Niger-Congo languages -75% of Africa’s 2,000 languages are in this linguistic group/family

Queen Njinga, 1624 C.E. - Ndongo monarch who adopted Christianity as a political strategy

Characteristics of enslavement - resisted, forced, legal, & contradictory

Resistance to enslavement – revolt, day-to-day, cultural, escape

Crispus Attuck, 1750, 1770 - Escaped enslavement in Massachusetts, then first martyr in U.S. Revolutionary War

Phillis Wheatley, 1761 - Great poet, named after a middle passage slave ship by Massachusetts enslavers

Ethnology, 1830s - Pseudo-science used to argue Black inferiority myth and justify enslavement

John Malvin, 1830s - Purchased his freedom in VA; skilled carpenter; move to Ohio and had to work as a cook

D. Walker, W. L. Garrison, & N. Turner, 1829-1831 - Led Militant Abolitionist activities

Frederick Douglas, 1830s - Enslaved in Maryland and hired out as a skilled ship caulker

“1850 Compromise” -Stricter “fugitive slave” law, ended “slave trade” in Washington, D.C., etc.

Underground Railroad. 1810-’50 - 100,000 escaped slavery, costing the South $30 million

Harriet Tubman, 1850s - “Underground railroad conductor,” and Civil War spy, cook, nurse

Dred Scott, 1857 -Petitioned U.S. Supreme Court for freedom, after living 4 years in Illinois

John Brown. 1859 -White radical abolitionist, who led an armed revolt against slavery in Harpers Ferry Virginia, killed 5.

“Black people’s CNN,” 1980s - Hip-hop’s function, according to Public Enemy emcee Chuck D

Jesse Jackson, 1984, 1988 - Increased Black voter registration by running twice for President, winning 11 primaries/caucuses