Physiological Bases of Behavior
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exam5.docxQuestion 11 pts
Variation in the _______ of light will result in variation in the perception of ________.
Group of answer choices
wavelength; brightness
saturation; brightness
wavelength; saturation
wavelength; hue
Question 21 pts
Which of the following do NOT belong together?
Group of answer choices
rods; sensitive to low levels of light
cones; provide excellent visual acuity
cones; provide information about hue
rods; most prevalent in the central retina
Question 31 pts
Which of the following most accurately summarizes the sequence of visual information transferred from the retina to the brain?
Group of answer choices
retino-geniculo-chiasmal-occipital pathway
retino-chiasmal-geniculo-occipital pathway
retino-geniculo-chiasmal-temporal pathway
retino-chiasmal-geniculo-temporal pathway
Question 41 pts
Massive damage to the left occipital lobe (e.g., as a result of stroke) would likely result in:
Group of answer choices
Contralateral Homonymous hemianopsia.
Ipsalateral Homonymous hemianopsia
Nasal hemianopsia of the ipsilateral eye
Bitemporal hemianopsia
Question 51 pts
Axons that arise from the ________ cells form the optic nerve.
Group of answer choices
horizontal
bipolar
ganglion
amacrine
Question 61 pts
Another term for the primary visual cortex is the:
Group of answer choices
visuospatial cortex
striate cortex
optic cortex
the striatum
Question 71 pts
Which pair below is a correct match between a visual system and visual function?
Group of answer choices
magnocellular visual system; sensitivity to color
parvocellular visual system; insensitive to fine detail
koniocellular visual system; input only from "red-green" cones
magnocellular visual system; sensitivity to movement
Question 81 pts
The dorsal visual stream projects to ________ and is involved in ________, while the ventral visual stream projects to _______ and is involved in_________.
Group of answer choices
parietal association cortex; form recognition; inferior temporal cortex; analysis of spatial location
inferior temporal cortex; analysis of spatial location; parietal association cortex; form recognition
parietal association cortex; analysis of spatial location; inferior temporal cortex; form recognition
inferior temporal cortex; form recognition; parietal association cortex; analysis of spatial location
Question 91 pts
People with associative visual agnosia
Group of answer choices
can only copy an object they first name.
do not perceive movement.
have damage to the connections between visual and auditory cortices.
seem to perceive visual stimuli normally but cannot identify the same stimuli spontaneously
Question 101 pts
Damage limited to the fusiform region of _______ would be expected to impair the
recognition of _______, which is known as ________.
Group of answer choices
inferior temporal cortex; movement of objects through space; prosopagnosia
primary visual cortex; color; achromatopsia
primary visual cortex; color; achromatopsia
inferior temporal cortex; faces; prosopagnosia
Question 111 pts
Balint's syndrome is characterized by 3 hallmark symptoms: optic ataxia, ocular apraxia, and _______, the latter of which is an inability to ________. The syndrome is typically a result of bilateral damage of the ________.
Group of answer choices
simultanagnosia; perceive more than one object in a visual scene; ventral visual stream
prosopagnosia; perceive faces; ventral visual stream
achromatopsia; perceive colors; ventral visual stream
simultanagnosia; perceive more than one object in a visual scene; dorsal visual stream
Question 121 pts
Which of the following pairs do NOT go together?
Group of answer choices
amplitude; pitch
complexity; timbre
frequency; pitch
amplitude; loudness
Question 131 pts
The malleus, incus, and stapes
Group of answer choices
A. are tiny bones located within the outer ear.
B. are located within the middle ear.
C. provide a mechanical advantage of transferring sound energy to the inner ear.
B and C are correct.
Question 141 pts
The mechanical stimulus that induces movements of the hair cells is the
Group of answer choices
movement of the stapes against the oval window.
contraction of the muscle fibers within the middle ear.
movement of the malleus against the round window.
movement of the stapes against the round window.
Question 151 pts
Identify the correct sequence by which auditory information flows from the auditory nerve to brain.
Group of answer choices
auditory nerve – superior colliculus –– lateral geniculate – auditory cortex
auditory nerve – inferior colliculus – lateral geniculate – auditory cortex
auditory nerve – inferior colliculus – medial geniculate - auditory cortex
auditory nerve – superior colliculus – medial geniculate – auditory cortex
Question 161 pts
The dorsal auditory stream terminates in the ______ and is involved in sound localization, while the ventral auditory stream terminates in the _______ and is involved in sound recognition/analysis.
Group of answer choices
prefrontal cortex; posterior parietal cortex
posterior parietal cortex; temporal association cortex
temporal association cortex; posterior parietal cortex
temporal association cortex; prefrontal cortex
Question 171 pts
Low pitched sounds are detected by the use of ________ by the cochlea.
Group of answer choices
place coding
rate coding
phase coding
tonotopic codes
Question 181 pts
Which of the following is a primary function of the vestibular system?
Group of answer choices
Balance
Adjustment of the ear to compensate for complex visual stimuli
Coordinated patterns of movement
None of the Above
Question 191 pts
A(n) ________ is a spatial representation of the specific cortical areas that control specific movements.
Group of answer choices
motor homunculus
choreogram
somatogram
corticotopic map
Question 201 pts
The vertical patch of cortex located posterior to the central sulcus is known as the ______, while the vertical patch of cortex located anterior to the central sulcus is known as the ________.
Group of answer choices
primary visual cortex; primary motor cortex
prefrontal cortex; primary motor cortex
primary motor cortex; primary somatosensory cortex
primary somatosensory cortex; primary motor cortex
Question 211 pts
A 66-year-old gentleman sustains a stroke of the anterior cerebral artery, which in turn impacts the medial surface of the primary motor strip. Based upon the neurologist's understanding of the organization of motor function in this region, he anticipates that the patient is most likely to show:
Group of answer choices
diminished motor function of the contralateral lower extremity
diminished motor function of the ipsalateral lower extremity
diminished motor function of the medial upper extremity
diminished motor function of the ipsalateral upper extremity
Question 221 pts
The movement plans generated by the _______ are enacted through control of the ________.
Group of answer choices
primary motor cortex; supplemental motor area
somatosensory cortex; premotor cortex
motor homunculus; sensory homunculus
supplementary motor premotor association cortex; primary motor cortex
Question 231 pts
Apraxia is characterized by:
Group of answer choices
motor paralysis.
inability to describe a movement.
muscle weakness.
the inability to properly carry out a learned, skilled movement.
Question 241 pts
Damage to the _______ often results in apraxia of the left limb.
Group of answer choices
right parietal cortex
anterior corpus callosum
fornix
posterior anterior commissure
Question 251 pts
A key aspect of _______ apraxia is that a patient asked to imitate a movement is unable to do so using either hand.
Group of answer choices
fornical
left parietal
callosal
cortical
Question 261 pts
Which of the following is considered to be a part of the basal ganglia?
Group of answer choices
A. caudate nucleus
B. globus pallidus
C. cerebellum
D. A & B
Question 271 pts
Parkinson's disease is classically associated with ________, which supports its characterization as a _______ movement disorder. Huntington's is classically associated with________, which supports its characterization as a _________ movement disorder.
Group of answer choices
diminished/slowed movement; hyperkinetic; chorea; hypokinetic
chorea; hyperkinetic; diminished/slowed movement; hypokinetic
diminished/slowed movement; hypokinetic; chorea; hyperkinetic
chorea; hypokinetic; diminished/slowed movement; hyperkinetic
Question 281 pts
Whereas Parkinson's disease is usually associated with brain involvement within the _______, Huntington's disease is more often associated with brain involvement within the _________.
Group of answer choices
caudate nucleus/putamen; globus pallidus
caudate nucleus/putamen; substantia nigra
substantia nigra; caudate nucleus/putamen
globus pallidus; caudate nucleus/putamen
Question 291 pts
The cerebellum plays a significant role in coordination and regulation of movement. Thus, injury to the cerebellum can result in what is termed 'disordered' movement, or _______. The pattern of disordered movement is typically _________ to the side of cerebellar lesion.
Group of answer choices
apraxia; contralateral
apraxia; ipsalateral
ataxia; contralateral
ataxia; ipsalateral
Question 301 pts
The components that comprise fear are integrated by neurons within the
Group of answer choices
amygdala.
medial hypothalamus.
orbitofrontal cortex.
thalamus.
Question 311 pts
Bilateral removal of the anterior temporal structures may result in a condition known as Kluver-Bucy syndrome. Which of the following is not characteristic of this condition?
Group of answer choices
loss of normal fear response
dysregulation of sexual activity and appetitive drives
improved memory function
increased aggression
Question 321 pts
Which cortical region plays a key role in analysis of social situations?
Group of answer choices
occipital cortex
parietal cortex
orbitofrontal (prefrontal) cortex
temporal cortex
Question 331 pts
The combination of inadequate activation of the ________ and over-activation of the _______ may result in excessive anger that results in harm to other persons.
Group of answer choices
cortex; reticular activating system
prefrontal cortex; hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex; amygdala
amygdala; prefrontal cortex
Question 341 pts
The proposition that facial expressions of emotion are innate is supported by the observation that
Group of answer choices
blind children show different facial emotional expressions than do sighted individuals.
facial expressions of emotion vary by culture.
the same facial expression for an emotion is observed in all cultures.
facial expressions of emotion change dramatically over time in any given culture.
Question 351 pts
The ability to recognize emotions expressed by others is most likely to be impaired after damage to the
Group of answer choices
left hemisphere.
basal ganglia.
right hemisphere.
cerebellum.
Question 361 pts
People with volitional facial paresis are unable to
Group of answer choices
voluntarily move the facial muscles.
cry.
comprehend other people's emotions.
recognize facial expressions.
Question 371 pts
With regard to facial expression of emotion, which of the has been supported by empirical research?
Group of answer choices
the sides of the face are equivalent during emotional expression.
emotions tend to be more strongly displayed on the right side of the face.
emotions tend to be more strongly displayed on the left side of the face.
positive emotions are more strongly expressed than are negative emotions.
Question 381 pts
In Conduction Aphasia, a lesion to the _____________ results in impaired ____________.
Group of answer choices
arcuate fasciulus; fluency
Broca's area; fluency
arcuate fasciculus; repetition
Broca's area; repetition
Question 391 pts
_____________ results in fluent speech, relatively intact comprehension and repetition, and impaired naming ability.
Group of answer choices
Broca's Aphasia
Wernicke's Aphasia
Conduction Aphasia
Anomia
Question 401 pts
Whereas ___________ Aphasia is characterized by relatively intact comprehension and nonfluent speech, ___________ Aphasia involves relatively intact speech fluency and impaired comprehension.
Group of answer choices
Wernicke's; Broca's
Broca's; Wernicke's
Pure Word ; Conduction
Conduction; Transcortical Sensory
Question 411 pts
Unlike Wernicke's Aphasia, ______________ Aphasia is characterized by relatively intact repetition abilities.
Group of answer choices
Broca's
Conduction
Transcortical Sensory
Anomic
Question 421 pts
A gentleman presents to the emergency room after having sustained a fall in his home. Record review reveals a longstanding history of alcohol abuse, and the gentleman is now complaining of a variety of difficulties in motor function. Neurologic examination reveals impaired abilities in areas known to be associated with cerebellar function. Specifically, he demonstrates a tremor with movement, or a(n) ______________ tremor.
Group of answer choices
resting
intention
purposeful
buccofacial
Question 431 pts
Patients who sustain cerebellar injury often exhibit involuntary rapid eye movements, described as ______________.
Group of answer choices
dysmetria
dysdiadochokinesia
nystagmus
none of the above
Question 441 pts
Tyler is a 10-year-old boy diagnosed with a tumor known as craniopharyngioma. After careful review of neuroimaging studies, Tyler's neurologist notes that the tumor exerts particular compression upon the medial portion of the optic chiasm. What visual disturbance is most likely to result from this?
Group of answer choices
visual field cut (right visual field)
visual field cut (left visual field)
loss of vision to the inner peripheral fields
loss of vision to the outer peripheral fields
Question 451 pts
According to a classic study by Rasmussen and Milner (1975), ____% of right-handed patients without histories of early brain damage were found to be left-hemisphere dominant for speech, while ______% of left-handed/ambidextrous patients without histories of early brain damage were found to be left-hemisphere dominant for speech.
Group of answer choices
70; 15
70; 96
96; 15
96; 70
Question 461 pts
Which of the following is an ability that was NOT lost in H.M. after hippocampal damage?
Group of answer choices
recall of events that occurred prior to his surgery
recall of events that occurred after his surgery
ability to remember conversations in the hours after the fact
semantic memory
Question 471 pts
Which of the following is true of learning?
Group of answer choices
Learning and memory are synonymous.
Learning involves the modification of the nervous system by experiences.
Experiences are stored in the brain in separate folders, like that of a file cabinet.
Learning occurs solely within the peripheral nervous system.
Question 481 pts
In Korsakoff's syndrome, many patients exhibit ________________, or a tendency to 'recall' events that have not actually transpired in the past.
Group of answer choices
feigned memory
psychogenic memory
confabulation
insertion
Question 491 pts
The _______ states that a weak synapse will be strengthened if its activation occurs at the same time that the postsynaptic neuron fires.
Group of answer choices
perforant path hypothesis
law of effect
all-or-none principle
Hebb rule
Question 501 pts
Your ability to recall a series of events across discrete chronological periods of time is referred to as
Group of answer choices
serial memory.
spatial learning.
perceptual learning.
episodic learning.
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