BIO EVENTS

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Event 8

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Event 8

Review of previous activities.

Carbon on our planet.

Measuring biologically stored carbon.

On-line (and upcoming) activities.

Glucose metabolism: Homeostasis and what can go wrong.

Assignment, Event 8

Quiz

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Assignment, Event 7:*

View the TED Talk by Greg Asner entitled, “Ecology from the air.”

Asner discusses how airborne sensors are being used to map carbon within forests. He notes that to be able to effectively manage carbon within forests, we need to understand exactly how much is there. Write an essay that explains why this knowledge is important as we work to manage carbon within our atmosphere. Your audience is persons responsible for government policies and regulations related to carbon.

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Last Event: Carbon cycling and climate change

Assignment, Event 7:

Carbon cycling involves CO2 uptake in photosynthesis by plants.

Measuring the transfer and storage of energy and materials in this process is not simple especially over large areas.

Use of techniques described by Dr. Asner can allow large-scale estimates of carbon fixation and storage.

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Last Event: Carbon cycling and climate change

Assignment, Event 7:

Common mistakes:

When starting a sentence with a number/ percentage, use words instead of numerals.

Make sure to clearly connect ideas, instead of just listing several facts in a row.

Make sure all the relevant ideas are included (i.e., there are no “missing pieces” in your work).

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On-line activities, Event 8

CHAPTER 5: Cell Division

Module 13: Chapter Introduction*

Module 14: Chromosomes and the Cell Cycle*

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* Module with quiz.

Quiz due dates

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UNIT 3 The Cell

UNIT 4 Metabolism

UNIT 5 Cell Division

UNIT 6 Classical Genetics

UNIT 7 Evolution

UNIT 2 Introduction

to Chemistry

UNIT 8 Ecology

UNIT 1 Introduction

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= blood glucose

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Breakfast

Lunch

Dinner

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

1. What is responsible

for variation in blood

glucose throughout

the day?

Time

Carbohydrates ingested  Digestion releases glucose into blood stream  ATP to power cellular processes

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Blood glucose (mmol/L)

Normal range:

3.9-6.7 mmol/L

Time

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Blood glucose (mmol/L)

2. What is responsible

for variation in blood

glucose throughout

the day (orange data)?

Insulin injections

= Subject with diabetes mellitus

Time

16.5 mmol/L = 297 mg/dL

6.5 mmol/L = 117 mg/dL

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Time

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CDC, 2017 www.diabetes.org/assets/pdfs/basics/cdc-statistics-report-2017.pdf

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Diabetes mellitus

= A variable disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by a variety of factors and usually characterized by inadequate production or or utilization of insulin.

Occurs in 9.3 % of American population

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Diabetes mellitus

Abnormally high blood glucose

Frequent thirst, hunger, and urination

Fatigue

Weight loss

Blurred vision

Impaired cognitive function

Long-term damage to multiple organ systems

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With normal glucose levels, the total amount of glucose in the blood at any given moment is only enough to provide energy to the body for 20-30 minutes, and so glucose levels must be precisely maintained by the body's internal control mechanisms.

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Diabetes mellitus

A variable disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by a variety of factors and usually characterized by inadequate production or or utilization of insulin.

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C6H12O6

O2

CO2

H2O

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

LIGHT

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

HEAT

HEAT

ADP + P

ATP

Is enough glucose in blood stream to meet needs for 20-30 min

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CARBONATED WATER, SUCROSE,

GLUCOSE, SODIUM CITRATE TAURINE,

GLUCORONOLACTONE, CAFFEINE,

INSTOL, NIACINAMIDE, CALCIUM-

PATHOTHENATE, PYRIDOXINE HCl,

VITAMIN B12, ARTIFICAL FLAVORS,

COLORS.

Some carbohydrates are degraded into simple sugars, or monosaccharides (e.g., glucose). Pancreatic amylase breaks down some carbohydrates (notably starch) into oligosaccharides. Other carbohydrates pass undigested into the large intestine and further handling by intestinal bacteria. Brush border enzymes take over from there. The most important brush border enzymes are dextrinase and glucoamylase which further break down oligosaccharides. Other brush border enzymes are maltase, sucrase and lactase. Lactase is absent in most adult humans and for them lactose, like most poly-saccharides, are not digested in the small intestine. Some carbohydrates, such as cellulose, are not digested at all, despite being made of multiple glucose units. This is because the cellulose is made out of beta-glucose, making the inter-monosaccharidal bindings different from the ones present in starch, which consists of alpha-glucose. Humans lack the enzyme for splitting the beta-glucose-bonds, something reserved for herbivores and bacteria from the large intestine.

Digested food is now able to pass into the blood vessels in the wall of the intestine through the process of diffusion. The small intestine is the site where most of the nutrients from ingested food are absorbed. The inner wall, or mucosa, of the small intestine is lined with simple columnar epithelial tissue. Structurally, the mucosa is covered in wrinkles or folds called plicae circulares, which are considered permanent features in the wall of the organ. They are distinct from rugae which are considered non-permanent or temporary allowing for distention and contraction. From the plicae circulares project microscopic finger-like pieces of tissue called villi (Latin for "shaggy hair"). The individual epithelial cells also have finger-like projections known as microvilli. The function of the plicae circulares, the villi and the microvilli is to increase the amount of surface area available for the absorption of nutrients.

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Digested carbohydrates (e.g., glucose) diffuse into blood vessels

Some carbohydrates are degraded into simple sugars, or monosaccharides (e.g., glucose). Pancreatic amylase breaks down some carbohydrates (notably starch) into oligosaccharides. Other carbohydrates pass undigested into the large intestine and further handling by intestinal bacteria. Brush border enzymes take over from there. The most important brush border enzymes are dextrinase and glucoamylase which further break down oligosaccharides. Other brush border enzymes are maltase, sucrase and lactase. Lactase is absent in most adult humans and for them lactose, like most poly-saccharides, are not digested in the small intestine. Some carbohydrates, such as cellulose, are not digested at all, despite being made of multiple glucose units. This is because the cellulose is made out of beta-glucose, making the inter-monosaccharidal bindings different from the ones present in starch, which consists of alpha-glucose. Humans lack the enzyme for splitting the beta-glucose-bonds, something reserved for herbivores and bacteria from the large intestine.

Digested food is now able to pass into the blood vessels in the wall of the intestine through the process of diffusion. The small intestine is the site where most of the nutrients from ingested food are absorbed. The inner wall, or mucosa, of the small intestine is lined with simple columnar epithelial tissue. Structurally, the mucosa is covered in wrinkles or folds called plicae circulares, which are considered permanent features in the wall of the organ. They are distinct from rugae which are considered non-permanent or temporary allowing for distention and contraction. From the plicae circulares project microscopic finger-like pieces of tissue called villi (Latin for "shaggy hair"). The individual epithelial cells also have finger-like projections known as microvilli. The function of the plicae circulares, the villi and the microvilli is to increase the amount of surface area available for the absorption of nutrients.

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Insulin hexamer

Insulin, C254H377N65O76S6

Insulin is produced and stored in the body as a hexamer (a unit of six insulin molecules), while the active form is the monomer. The hexamer is an inactive form with long-term stability, which serves as a way to keep the highly reactive insulin protected, yet readily available. The hexamer-monomer conversion is one of the central aspects of insulin formulations for injection. The hexamer is far more stable than the monomer, which is desirable for practical reasons; however, the monomer is a much faster-reacting drug because diffusion rate is inversely related to particle size. A fast-reacting drug means insulin injections do not have to precede mealtimes by hours, which in turn gives diabetics more flexibility in their daily schedules.[11] Insulin can aggregate and form fibrillar interdigitated beta-sheets. This can cause injection amyloidosis, and prevents the storage of insulin for long periods.[12]

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Insulin is a hormone

= a signaling chemical released by a cell or organ in one part of an organism that affects cells in other parts of the organism. Are often active at very low concentrations.

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Hormones have the following effects on the body:

stimulation or inhibition of growth

mood swings

induction or suppression of apoptosis (programmed cell death)

activation or inhibition of the immune system

regulation of metabolism

preparation of the body for mating, fighting, fleeing, and other activity

preparation of the body for a new phase of life, such as puberty, parenting, and menopause

control of the reproductive cycle

hunger cravings

sexual arousal

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Other human hormones

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Progesterone

Estradiol (estrogen)

Testosterone

Human growth hormone

Melanocyte stimulating hormone

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Androstenedione (also known as 4-androstenedione and 17-ketoestosterone) is a 19-carbon steroid hormone produced in the adrenal glands and the gonads as an intermediate step in the biochemical pathway that produces the androgen testosterone and the estrogens estrone and estradiol.

Erythropoietin, also known as erythropoetin[dubious – discuss] or erthropoyetin[dubious – discuss] (/ ɨˌrɪθrɵˈpɔɪ.ɨtɨn /, / ɨˌrɪθrɵˈpɔɪtən /, and / ɨˌriːθrɵ- /) or EPO, is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis, or red blood cell production.

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Insulin is produced in beta cells in the pancreas

The pancreas / ˈpæŋkriəs / is a glandular organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide, and a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist the absorption of nutrients and the digestion in the small intestine. These enzymes help to further break down the carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in the chyme.

The part of the pancreas with endocrine function is made up of approximately a million[3] cell clusters called islets of Langerhans. Four main cell types exist in the islets. They are relatively difficult to distinguish using standard staining techniques, but they can be classified by their secretion: α cells secrete glucagon (increase glucose in blood), β cells secrete insulin (decrease glucose in blood), delta cells secrete somatostatin (regulates/stops α and β cells) and PP cells, or gamma cells, secrete pancreatic polypeptide.[4]

The islets are a compact collection of endocrine cells arranged in clusters and cords and are crisscrossed by a dense network of capillaries. The capillaries of the islets are lined by layers of endocrine cells in direct contact with vessels, and most endocrine cells are in direct contact with blood vessels, either by cytoplasmic processes or by direct apposition. According to the volume The Body, by Alan E. Nourse,[5] the islets are "busily manufacturing their hormone and generally disregarding the pancreatic cells all around them, as though they were located in some completely different part of the body." The islets of Langerhans play an imperative role in glucose metabolism and regulation of blood glucose concentration.

The pancreas as an exocrine gland helps out the digestive system. It secretes pancreatic fluid that contains digestive enzymes that pass to the small intestine. These enzymes help to further break down the carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats) in the chyme.

Pancreatic tissue is present in all vertebrate species, but its precise form and arrangement vary widely. There may be up to three separate pancreases, two of which arise from ventral buds, and the other dorsally. In most species (including humans), these fuse in the adult, but there are several exceptions. Even when a single pancreas is present, two or three pancreatic ducts may persist, each draining separately into the duodenum (or equivalent part of the foregut). Birds, for example, typically have three such ducts.[12]

In teleosts, and a few other species (such as rabbits), there is no discrete pancreas at all, with pancreatic tissue being distributed diffusely across the mesentery and even within other nearby organs, such as the liver or spleen. In a few teleost species, the endocrine tissue has fused to form a distinct gland within the abdominal cavity, but otherwise it is distributed among the exocrine components. The most primitive arrangement, however, appears to be that of lampreys and lungfish, in which pancreatic tissue is found as a number of discrete nodules within the wall of the gut itself, with the exocrine portions being little different from other glandular structures of the intestine.[12]

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BLOOD

MUSCLE

CELL

Insulin regulates many metabolic processes

BLOOD VESSEL

MUSCLE

CELL

ATP

Control of cellular intake of certain substances, most prominently glucose in muscle and adipose tissue (about two-thirds of body cells) FAT TISSUES CONVERT GLUCOSE TO TRIGLYCERIDES (FATTY ACIDS) FOR STORAGE

INSULINASE IS AN ENZYME IN THE LIVER AND KIDNEYS THAT IS BREAKING DOWN INSULIN. IT (insulin) HAS A HALF LIFE OF ABOUT 6 MINUTES

Increased glycogen synthesis – insulin forces storage of glucose in liver (and muscle) cells in the form of glycogen; lowered levels of insulin cause liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose and excrete it into the blood. This is the clinical action of insulin, which is directly useful in reducing high blood glucose levels as in diabetes.

Increased lipid synthesis – insulin forces fat cells to take in blood lipids, which are converted to triglycerides; lack of insulin causes the reverse.

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BLOOD

MUSCLE

CELL

Insulin regulates many metabolic processes

BLOOD VESSEL

LIVER/MUSCLE

CELL

Glycogen is a medium-term energy storage molecule

Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide that serves as a form of energy storage in animals [2] and fungi. In humans, glycogen is made and stored primarily in the cells of the liver and the muscles, and functions as the secondary long-term energy storage (with the primary energy stores being fats held in adipose tissue).

Glycogen is the analogue of starch, a glucose polymer in plants, and is sometimes referred to as animal starch, having a similar structure to amylopectin but more extensively branched and compact than starch. Glycogen is found in the form of granules in the cytosol/cytoplasm in many cell types, and plays an important role in the glucose cycle. Glycogen forms an energy reserve that can be quickly mobilized to meet a sudden need for glucose, but one that is less compact than the energy reserves of triglycerides (lipids).

Polysaccharide represents the main storage form of glucose in the body. Found in the liver and muscles, muscle glycogen is converted into glucose by muscle cells, and liver glycogen converts to glucose for use throughout the body including the central nervous system.

The amount of glycogen stored in the body—especially within the muscles, liver, and red blood cells [4] [5] [6]—mostly depends on physical training, basal metabolic rate, and eating habits such as intermittent fasting.

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Pancreas

Insulin released

by beta cells

Liver

+ muscles

glycogen glucose

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High blood

glucose

Insulin stimulates removal of glucose from blood and its storage as glycogen lowering blood sugar

Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide that serves as a form of energy storage in animals [2] and fungi. In humans, glycogen is made and stored primarily in the cells of the liver and the muscles, and functions as the secondary long-term energy storage (with the primary energy stores being fats held in adipose tissue).

Insulin is produced in the pancreas and released when any of several stimuli are detected. These stimuli include ingested protein and glucose in the blood produced from digested food.[citation needed] Carbohydrates can be polymers of simple sugars or the simple sugars themselves. If the carbohydrates include glucose, then that glucose will be absorbed into the bloodstream and blood glucose level will begin to rise. In target cells, insulin initiates a signal transduction, which has the effect of increasing glucose uptake and storage. Finally, insulin is degraded, terminating the response.

Insulin is a peptide hormone, produced by beta cells of the pancreas, and is central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, skeletal muscles, and fat tissue to absorb glucose from the blood. In the liver and skeletal muscles, glucose is stored as glycogen, and in fat cells (adipocytes) it is stored as triglycerides.

Insulin stops the use of fat as an energy source by inhibiting the release of glucagon. With the exception of the metabolic disorder diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, insulin is provided within the body in a constant proportion to remove excess glucose from the blood, which otherwise would be toxic. When blood glucose levels fall below a certain level, the body begins to use stored sugar as an energy source through glycogenolysis, which breaks down the glycogen stored in the liver and muscles into glucose, which can then be utilized as an energy source. As a central metabolic control mechanism, its status is also used as a control signal to other body systems (such as amino acid uptake by body cells). In addition, it has several other anabolic effects throughout the body.

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Pancreas

Liver

+ muscles

glycogen glucose

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Low blood

glucose

Glucagon released

by alpha cells

Glucagon stimulates conversion of glycogen into glucose raising

blood sugar

Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide that serves as a form of energy storage in animals [2] and fungi. In humans, glycogen is made and stored primarily in the cells of the liver and the muscles, and functions as the secondary long-term energy storage (with the primary energy stores being fats held in adipose tissue).

Insulin is produced in the pancreas and released when any of several stimuli are detected. These stimuli include ingested protein and glucose in the blood produced from digested food.[citation needed] Carbohydrates can be polymers of simple sugars or the simple sugars themselves. If the carbohydrates include glucose, then that glucose will be absorbed into the bloodstream and blood glucose level will begin to rise. In target cells, insulin initiates a signal transduction, which has the effect of increasing glucose uptake and storage. Finally, insulin is degraded, terminating the response.

Insulin is a peptide hormone, produced by beta cells of the pancreas, and is central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, skeletal muscles, and fat tissue to absorb glucose from the blood. In the liver and skeletal muscles, glucose is stored as glycogen, and in fat cells (adipocytes) it is stored as triglycerides.

Insulin stops the use of fat as an energy source by inhibiting the release of glucagon. With the exception of the metabolic disorder diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, insulin is provided within the body in a constant proportion to remove excess glucose from the blood, which otherwise would be toxic. When blood glucose levels fall below a certain level, the body begins to use stored sugar as an energy source through glycogenolysis, which breaks down the glycogen stored in the liver and muscles into glucose, which can then be utilized as an energy source. As a central metabolic control mechanism, its status is also used as a control signal to other body systems (such as amino acid uptake by body cells). In addition, it has several other anabolic effects throughout the body.

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BLOOD GLUCOSE

CONCENTRATION

Normal range

Glucagon

Insulin

Homeostasis

Diabetes mellitus

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Type-2

Type in 95% of humans with diabetes.

Reduced insulin sensitivity or production.

Exercise, diet, drugs affecting insulin sensitivity/production, insulin replacement therapy.

Diabetes mellitus

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Type-2

Risk factors

Overweight

Fat distribution

Inactivity

Genetics

Race

Age

Prior gestational diabetes

Weight. Being overweight is a primary risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The more fatty tissue you have, the more resistant your cells become to insulin.

Fat distribution. If your body stores fat primarily in your abdomen, your risk of type 2 diabetes is greater than if your body stores fat elsewhere, such as your hips and thighs.

Inactivity. The less active you are, the greater your risk of type 2 diabetes. Physical activity helps you control your weight, uses up glucose as energy and makes your cells more sensitive to insulin.

Family history. The risk of type 2 diabetes increases if your parent or sibling has type 2 diabetes.

Race. Although it's unclear why, people of certain races — including blacks, Hispanics, American Indians and Asian-Americans — are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than whites are.

Age. The risk of type 2 diabetes increases as you get older, especially after age 45. That's probably because people tend to exercise less, lose muscle mass and gain weight as they age. But type 2 diabetes is also increasing dramatically among children, adolescents and younger adults.

Prediabetes. Prediabetes is a condition in which your blood sugar level is higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as diabetes. Left untreated, prediabetes often progresses to type 2 diabetes. (Fasting BS 100-125 mg/dL = prediabetes)

Gestational diabetes. If you developed gestational diabetes when you were pregnant, your risk of later developing type 2 diabetes increases. If you gave birth to a baby weighing more than 9 pounds (4 kilograms), you're also at risk of type 2 diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus

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Type-1

Type in 5% of humans with diabetes.

No insulin production.

Caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells of pancreas.

Insulin replacement therapy.

Autoimmune diseases arise from an inappropriate immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body (autoimmunity). This may be restricted to certain organs (e.g. in autoimmune thyroiditis) or involve a particular tissue in different places (e.g. Goodpasture's disease which may affect the basement membrane in both the lung and the kidney).

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Diabetes mellitus

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Ca. 52,000 since 1984

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Diabetes mellitus

More than 30 million Americans have diabetes.

Healthcare costs associated with diagnosed diabetes in USA (2017): $327 billion.

Average medical expenditures among people with diabetes are 2.3 times higher than in people without the disease.

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Assignment, Event 8:*

Summarize our treatment of glucose metabolism, insulin, and health by writing a unique final exam essay question (and answer) that addresses this topic.

This should be a 15-point question in a 200-point closed-book exam.

It is appropriate to include definitions in your question. It should also involve application of knowledge you have gained.

The focus in your question should be on the main points of the lecture and not on details.

Answers should involve short paragraphs. Avoid use of the phrases, “list the” or “name the” in your question.

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Final exam short essay questions

Excellent 15-point (short-essay) final exam questions and their answers will:

 

Include understanding and use of the specialized terminology of the topic.

Involve more than simple memorization and be factually correct.

Require organization, analysis, justification, explanation, contrast, or application of knowledge/skills, ideally in novel circumstances not directly discussed in the course.

Use language unambiguously.

Be substantial/complex enough so that they could represent 7.5% of the final exam grade. (If the entire exam was made up of questions like this it would contain only about 13 questions.)

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Quiz

Your grandmother sent you this message:

I’ve just learned that I have Type-2 diabetes. What does this mean? They told me that this is different from the “Juvenile Diabetes” that your cousin John has had since he was two years old. How are these diseases different?

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Present a two or three-sentence reply that is thorough and factually correct.

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Chart1

Blood glucose 0.291666666666667 0.333333333333333 0.375 0.416666666666667 0.458333333333334 0.5 0.541666666666667 0.583333333333333 0.625 0.666666666666667 0.708333333333333 0.75 0.791666666666667 0.833333333333333 0.875 0.916666666666666 0.958333333333333 1.0 1.04166666666667 1.08333333333333 1.125 1.16666666666667 1.20833333333333 1.25 1.29166666666667 4.3 5.3 6.3 4.4 5.0 4.75 4.5 5.9 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 6.3 5.3 5.8 5.65 4.7 4.55 4.5 4.45 4.42 4.39 4.36 4.325 4.30000000000001

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

Better one to use

Time Blood glucose Serum insulin
7:00:00 AM 4.3 50
8:00:00 AM 5.3 150
9:00:00 AM 6.3 275
10:00:00 AM 4.4 110
11:00:00 AM 5 130
12:00:00 PM 4.75 102.5
1:00:00 PM 4.5 75
2:00:00 PM 5.9 225
3:00:00 PM 4.3 100
4:00:00 PM 5.2 130
5:00:00 PM 5.1 120
6:00:00 PM 5 110
7:00:00 PM 6.3 240
8:00:00 PM 5.3 140
9:00:00 PM 5.8 150
10:00:00 PM 5.65 130
11:00:00 PM 4.7 100
12:00:00 AM 4.55 72
1:00:00 AM 4.5 66
2:00:00 AM 4.45 64
3:00:00 AM 4.42 61
4:00:00 AM 4.39 59.5
5:00:00 AM 4.36 57
6:00:00 AM 4.325 53
7:00:00 AM 4.3 50
Blood glucose 0.291666666666667 0.333333333333333 0.375 0.416666666666667 0.458333333333334 0.5 0.541666666666667 0.583333333333333 0.625 0.666666666666667 0.708333333333333 0.75 0.791666666666667 0.833333333333333 0.875 0.916666666666666 0.958333333333333 1.0 1.04166666666667 1.08333333333333 1.125 1.16666666666667 1.20833333333333 1.25 1.29166666666667 4.3 5.3 6.3 4.4 5.0 4.75 4.5 5.9 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 6.3 5.3 5.8 5.65 4.7 4.55 4.5 4.45 4.42 4.39 4.36 4.325 4.30000000000001 Serum insulin 0.291666666666667 0.333333333333333 0.375 0.416666666666667 0.458333333333334 0.5 0.541666666666667 0.583333333333333 0.625 0.666666666666667 0.708333333333333 0.75 0.791666666666667 0.833333333333333 0.875 0.916666666666666 0.958333333333333 1.0 1.04166666666667 1.08333333333333 1.125 1.16666666666667 1.20833333333333 1.25 1.29166666666667 50.0 150.0 275.0 110.0 130.0 102.5 75.0 225.0 100.0 130.0 120.0 110.0 240.0 140.0 150.0 130.0 100.0 72.0 66.0 64.0 61.0 59.5 57.0 53.0 50.0

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

Serum insulin (pmol/L)

Blood glucose 0.291666666666667 0.333333333333333 0.375 0.416666666666667 0.458333333333334 0.5 0.541666666666667 0.583333333333333 0.625 0.666666666666667 0.708333333333333 0.75 0.791666666666667 0.833333333333333 0.875 0.916666666666666 0.958333333333333 1.0 1.04166666666667 1.08333333333333 1.125 1.16666666666667 1.20833333333333 1.25 1.29166666666667 4.3 5.3 6.3 4.4 5.0 4.75 4.5 5.9 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 6.3 5.3 5.8 5.65 4.7 4.55 4.5 4.45 4.42 4.39 4.36 4.325 4.30000000000001

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

Sheet1

Time Glucose
7:00:00 AM 4.3
7:10:00 AM 4.46666667
7:20:00 AM 4.63333334
7:30:00 AM 4.80000001
7:40:00 AM 4.96666668
7:50:00 AM 5.13333335
8:00:00 AM 5.30000002
8:10:00 AM 5.46666669
8:20:00 AM 5.63333336
8:30:00 AM 5.80000003
8:40:00 AM 5.9666667
8:50:00 AM 6.13333337
9:00:00 AM 6.30000004
9:10:00 AM 6
9:20:00 AM 5.69999996
9:30:00 AM 5.39999992
9:40:00 AM 5.09999988
9:50:00 AM 4.79999984
10:00:00 AM 4.4999998
10:10:00 AM 4.583333
10:20:00 AM 4.6666662
10:30:00 AM 4.7499994
10:40:00 AM 4.8333326
10:50:00 AM 4.9166658
11:00:00 AM 4.999999
11:10:00 AM 4.9583333
11:20:00 AM 4.9166676
11:30:00 AM 4.8750019
11:40:00 AM 4.8333362
11:50:00 AM 4.7916705
12:00:00 PM 4.7500048
12:10:00 PM 4.7083391
12:20:00 PM 4.6666734
12:30:00 PM 4.6250077
12:40:00 PM 4.583342
12:50:00 PM 4.5416763
1:00:00 PM 4.5000106
1:10:00 PM 4.75
1:20:00 PM 4.9999894
1:30:00 PM 5.2499788
1:40:00 PM 5.4999682
1:50:00 PM 5.7499576
2:00:00 PM 5.999947
2:10:00 PM 5.7833333
2:20:00 PM 5.5667196
2:30:00 PM 5.3501059
2:40:00 PM 5.1334922
2:50:00 PM 4.9168784999
3:00:00 PM 4.7002647999
3:10:00 PM 4.7833333
3:20:00 PM 4.8664018001
3:30:00 PM 4.9494703001
3:40:00 PM 5.0325388002
3:50:00 PM 5.1156073003
4:00:00 PM 5.1986758003
4:10:00 PM 5.191667
4:20:00 PM 5.1846581997
4:30:00 PM 5.1776493993
4:40:00 PM 5.170640599
4:50:00 PM 5.1636317986
5:00:00 PM 5.1566229983
5:10:00 PM 5.1496141979
5:20:00 PM 5.1426053976
5:30:00 PM 5.1355965972
5:40:00 PM 5.1285877969
5:50:00 PM 5.1215789966
6:00:00 PM 5.1145701962
6:10:00 PM 5.296237
6:20:00 PM 5.4779038038
6:30:00 PM 5.6595706076
6:40:00 PM 5.8412374114
6:50:00 PM 6.0229042152
7:00:00 PM 6.204571019
7:10:00 PM 6.05
7:20:00 PM 5.895428981
7:30:00 PM 5.740857962
7:40:00 PM 5.5862869431
7:50:00 PM 5.4317159241
8:00:00 PM 5.2771449051
8:10:00 PM 5.347645
8:20:00 PM 5.4181450949
8:30:00 PM 5.4886451897
8:40:00 PM 5.5591452846
8:50:00 PM 5.6296453795
9:00:00 PM 5.7001454744
9:10:00 PM 5.647971
9:20:00 PM 5.5957965256
9:30:00 PM 5.5436220512
9:40:00 PM 5.4914475769
9:50:00 PM 5.4392731025
10:00:00 PM 5.3870986281
10:10:00 PM 5.3349241538
10:20:00 PM 5.2827496794
10:30:00 PM 5.230575205
10:40:00 PM 5.1784007306
10:50:00 PM 5.1262262562
11:00:00 PM 5.0740517819
11:10:00 PM 5.0218773075
11:20:00 PM 4.9697028331
11:30:00 PM 4.9175283588
11:40:00 PM 4.8653538844
11:50:00 PM 4.81317941
12:00:00 AM 4.7610049356
12:10:00 AM 4.7088304613
12:20:00 AM 4.6566559869
12:30:00 AM 4.6044815125
12:40:00 AM 4.5523070381
12:50:00 AM 4.5001325638
1:00:00 AM 4.5
1:10:00 AM 4.494444
1:20:00 AM 4.488888
1:30:00 AM 4.483332
1:40:00 AM 4.477776
1:50:00 AM 4.47222
2:00:00 AM 4.466664
2:10:00 AM 4.461108
2:20:00 AM 4.455552
2:30:00 AM 4.449996
2:40:00 AM 4.44444
2:50:00 AM 4.438884
3:00:00 AM 4.433328
3:10:00 AM 4.427772
3:20:00 AM 4.422216
3:30:00 AM 4.41666
3:40:00 AM 4.411104
3:50:00 AM 4.405548
4:00:00 AM 4.399992
4:10:00 AM 4.394436
4:20:00 AM 4.38888
4:30:00 AM 4.383324
4:40:00 AM 4.377768
4:50:00 AM 4.372212
5:00:00 AM 4.366656
5:10:00 AM 4.3611
5:20:00 AM 4.355544
5:30:00 AM 4.349988
5:40:00 AM 4.344432
5:50:00 AM 4.338876
6:00:00 AM 4.33332
6:10:00 AM 4.327764
6:20:00 AM 4.322208
6:30:00 AM 4.316652
6:40:00 AM 4.311096
6:50:00 AM 4.30554
7:00:00 AM 4.299984
Glucose 0.291666666666667 0.298611111111111 0.305555555555555 0.3125 0.319444444444444 0.326388888888889 0.333333333333333 0.340277777777778 0.347222222222222 0.354166666666666 0.361111111111111 0.368055555555555 0.375 0.381944444444444 0.388888888888889 0.395833333333333 0.402777777777778 0.409722222222222 0.416666666666667 0.423611111111111 0.430555555555555 0.4375 0.444444444444444 0.451388888888889 0.458333333333333 0.465277777777777 0.472222222222222 0.479166666666666 0.486111111111111 0.493055555555555 0.5 0.506944444444444 0.513888888888888 0.520833333333333 0.527777777777777 0.534722222222222 0.541666666666666 0.548611111111111 0.555555555555555 0.562499999999999 0.569444444444444 0.576388888888888 0.583333333333333 0.590277777777777 0.597222222222221 0.604166666666666 0.61111111111111 0.618055555555555 0.624999999999999 0.631944444444444 0.638888888888888 0.645833333333332 0.652777777777777 0.659722222222221 0.666666666666666 0.67361111111111 0.680555555555555 0.687499999999999 0.694444444444443 0.701388888888888 0.708333333333332 0.715277777777777 0.722222222222221 0.729166666666665 0.73611111111111 0.743055555555554 0.749999999999999 0.756944444444443 0.763888888888888 0.770833333333332 0.777777777777776 0.784722222222221 0.791666666666665 0.798611111111109 0.805555555555553 0.812499999999997 0.819444444444441 0.826388888888885 0.833333333333329 0.840277777777773 0.847222222222217 0.854166666666661 0.861111111111105 0.868055555555549 0.874999999999993 0.881944444444437 0.888888888888881 0.895833333333325 0.902777777777769 0.909722222222213 0.916666666666657 0.923611111111101 0.930555555555545 0.937499999999989 0.944444444444433 0.951388888888877 0.958333333333321 0.965277777777765 0.972222222222209 0.979166666666653 0.986111111111097 0.993055555555541 0.999999999999985 1.00694444444443 1.01388888888887 1.02083333333332 1.02777777777776 1.0347222222222 1.04166666666665 1.04861111111109 1.05555555555554 1.06249999999998 1.06944444444442 1.07638888888887 1.08333333333331 1.09027777777776 1.0972222222222 1.10416666666664 1.11111111111109 1.11805555555553 1.12499999999998 1.13194444444442 1.13888888888886 1.14583333333331 1.15277777777775 1.1597222222222 1.16666666666664 1.17361111111108 1.18055555555553 1.18749999999997 1.19444444444442 1.20138888888886 1.2083333333333 1.21527777777775 1.22222222222219 1.22916666666664 1.23611111111108 1.24305555555552 1.24999999999997 1.25694444444441 1.26388888888886 1.2708333333333 1.27777777777774 1.28472222222219 1.29166666666663 4.3 4.46666667 4.63333334 4.80000001 4.96666668 5.13333335 5.30000002 5.46666669 5.63333336 5.80000003 5.9666667 6.13333337 6.30000004 6.0 5.69999995999999 5.39999991999998 5.09999987999997 4.79999983999996 4.49999979999995 4.583333 4.66666620000005 4.7499994000001 4.83333260000015 4.9166658000002 4.99999900000025 4.9583333 4.91666759999975 4.8750018999995 4.83333619999925 4.791670499999 4.75000479999875 4.7083390999985 4.66667339999824 4.62500769999799 4.58334199999774 4.54167629999749 4.50001059999724 4.75 4.99998940000276 5.24997880000552 5.49996820000828 5.74995760001104 5.9999470000138 5.7833333 5.5667195999862 5.3501058999724 5.1334921999586 4.9168784999448 4.700264799931 4.7833333 4.866401800069 4.949470300138 5.032538800207 5.115607300276 5.198675800345 5.191667 5.184658199655 5.17764939931 5.170640598965 5.16363179862 5.156622998275 5.14961419793 5.142605397585 5.13559659724 5.128587796895 5.12157899655 5.114570196205 5.296237 5.477903803795 5.65957060759 5.841237411385 6.02290421518 6.204571018975 6.05 5.895428981025 5.74085796205 5.586286943075 5.4317159241 5.277144905125 5.347645 5.418145094875 5.48864518975 5.559145284625 5.6296453795 5.700145474375 5.647971 5.595796525625 5.54362205125 5.491447576875 5.4392731025 5.387098628125 5.33492415375 5.282749679375 5.230575205 5.178400730625 5.12622625625 5.074051781875 5.0218773075 4.969702833125 4.91752835875 4.86535388437501 4.81317941000001 4.76100493562501 4.70883046125001 4.65665598687501 4.60448151250001 4.55230703812501 4.50013256375001 4.5 4.494444 4.488888 4.483332 4.477776 4.47222 4.466664 4.461108 4.455552 4.449996 4.44444 4.438884 4.433328 4.427772 4.422216 4.41665999999999 4.41110399999999 4.40554799999999 4.39999199999999 4.39443599999999 4.38887999999999 4.38332399999999 4.37776799999999 4.37221199999999 4.36665599999999 4.36109999999999 4.35554399999999 4.34998799999999 4.34443199999999 4.33887599999999 4.33331999999999 4.32776399999999 4.32220799999999 4.31665199999999 4.31109599999999 4.30553999999999 4.29998399999999

Chart3

Blood glucose A 4.3 5.3 6.3 4.4 5.0 4.75 4.5 5.9 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 6.3 5.3 5.8 5.65 4.7 4.55 4.5 4.45 4.42 4.39 4.36 4.325 4.30000000000001

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

Better one to use

Time Blood glucose Serum insulin
7:00:00 AM 4.3 50
8:00:00 AM 5.3 150
9:00:00 AM 6.3 275
10:00:00 AM 4.4 110
11:00:00 AM 5 130
12:00:00 PM 4.75 102.5
1:00:00 PM 4.5 75
2:00:00 PM 5.9 225
3:00:00 PM 4.3 100
4:00:00 PM 5.2 130
5:00:00 PM 5.1 120
6:00:00 PM 5 110
7:00:00 PM 6.3 240
8:00:00 PM 5.3 140
9:00:00 PM 5.8 150
10:00:00 PM 5.65 130
11:00:00 PM 4.7 100
12:00:00 AM 4.55 72
1:00:00 AM 4.5 66
2:00:00 AM 4.45 64
3:00:00 AM 4.42 61
4:00:00 AM 4.39 59.5
5:00:00 AM 4.36 57
6:00:00 AM 4.325 53
7:00:00 AM 4.3 50
Blood glucose 0.291666666666667 0.333333333333333 0.375 0.416666666666667 0.458333333333334 0.5 0.541666666666667 0.583333333333333 0.625 0.666666666666667 0.708333333333333 0.75 0.791666666666667 0.833333333333333 0.875 0.916666666666666 0.958333333333333 1.0 1.04166666666667 1.08333333333333 1.125 1.16666666666667 1.20833333333333 1.25 1.29166666666667 4.3 5.3 6.3 4.4 5.0 4.75 4.5 5.9 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 6.3 5.3 5.8 5.65 4.7 4.55 4.5 4.45 4.42 4.39 4.36 4.325 4.30000000000001 Serum insulin 0.291666666666667 0.333333333333333 0.375 0.416666666666667 0.458333333333334 0.5 0.541666666666667 0.583333333333333 0.625 0.666666666666667 0.708333333333333 0.75 0.791666666666667 0.833333333333333 0.875 0.916666666666666 0.958333333333333 1.0 1.04166666666667 1.08333333333333 1.125 1.16666666666667 1.20833333333333 1.25 1.29166666666667 50.0 150.0 275.0 110.0 130.0 102.5 75.0 225.0 100.0 130.0 120.0 110.0 240.0 140.0 150.0 130.0 100.0 72.0 66.0 64.0 61.0 59.5 57.0 53.0 50.0

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

Serum insulin (pmol/L)

Blood glucose 0.291666666666667 0.333333333333333 0.375 0.416666666666667 0.458333333333334 0.5 0.541666666666667 0.583333333333333 0.625 0.666666666666667 0.708333333333333 0.75 0.791666666666667 0.833333333333333 0.875 0.916666666666666 0.958333333333333 1.0 1.04166666666667 1.08333333333333 1.125 1.16666666666667 1.20833333333333 1.25 1.29166666666667 4.3 5.3 6.3 4.4 5.0 4.75 4.5 5.9 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 6.3 5.3 5.8 5.65 4.7 4.55 4.5 4.45 4.42 4.39 4.36 4.325 4.30000000000001

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

Diabetes

Time Blood glucose D Blood glucose A
7:00:00 AM 4.7 4.3
8:00:00 AM 9.8 5.3
9:00:00 AM 13.5 6.3
10:00:00 AM 15.5 4.4
11:00:00 AM 16.6 5
12:00:00 PM 11 4.75
1:00:00 PM 5.3 4.5
2:00:00 PM 7.3 5.9
3:00:00 PM 4.9424647836 4.3
4:00:00 PM 5.8459784459 5.2
5:00:00 PM 5.1472592391 5.1
6:00:00 PM 5.6270519061 5
7:00:00 PM 7.2 6.3
8:00:00 PM 6.1 5.3
9:00:00 PM 6.2135041158 5.8
10:00:00 PM 6.4729613015 5.65
11:00:00 PM 5.3 4.7
12:00:00 AM 5.0684731795 4.55
1:00:00 AM 5.4181271077 4.5
2:00:00 AM 5.3357479685 4.45
3:00:00 AM 5.1009335833 4.42
4:00:00 AM 5.3318537458 4.39
5:00:00 AM 4.950045448 4.36
6:00:00 AM 4.8682301694 4.325
7:00:00 AM 4.7186949483 4.3
Time Blood glucose A
7:00:00 AM 4.3
8:00:00 AM 5.3
9:00:00 AM 6.3
10:00:00 AM 4.4
11:00:00 AM 5
12:00:00 PM 4.75
1:00:00 PM 4.5
2:00:00 PM 5.9
3:00:00 PM 4.3
4:00:00 PM 5.2
5:00:00 PM 5.1
6:00:00 PM 5
7:00:00 PM 6.3
8:00:00 PM 5.3
9:00:00 PM 5.8
10:00:00 PM 5.65
11:00:00 PM 4.7
12:00:00 AM 4.55
1:00:00 AM 4.5
2:00:00 AM 4.45
3:00:00 AM 4.42
4:00:00 AM 4.39
5:00:00 AM 4.36
6:00:00 AM 4.325
7:00:00 AM 4.3
Blood glucose D 0.291666666666667 0.333333333333333 0.375 0.416666666666667 0.458333333333334 0.5 0.541666666666667 0.583333333333333 0.625 0.666666666666667 0.708333333333333 0.75 0.791666666666667 0.833333333333333 0.875 0.916666666666666 0.958333333333333 1.0 1.04166666666667 1.08333333333333 1.125 1.16666666666667 1.20833333333333 1.25 1.29166666666667 4.7 9.8 13.5 15.5 16.6 11.0 5.3 7.3 4.942464783612716 5.845978445935001 5.147259239133382 5.627051906132833 7.2 6.1 6.213504115832566 6.472961301509467 5.3 5.068473179452384 5.418127107685439 5.33574796848017 5.10093358325119 5.331853745758214 4.950045448019964 4.868230169423422 4.718694948282119 Blood glucose A 4.3 5.3 6.3 4.4 5.0 4.75 4.5 5.9 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 6.3 5.3 5.8 5.65 4.7 4.55 4.5 4.45 4.42 4.39 4.36 4.325 4.30000000000001

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

Blood glucose A 4.3 5.3 6.3 4.4 5.0 4.75 4.5 5.9 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 6.3 5.3 5.8 5.65 4.7 4.55 4.5 4.45 4.42 4.39 4.36 4.325 4.30000000000001

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

Sheet1

Time Glucose
7:00:00 AM 4.3
7:10:00 AM 4.46666667
7:20:00 AM 4.63333334
7:30:00 AM 4.80000001
7:40:00 AM 4.96666668
7:50:00 AM 5.13333335
8:00:00 AM 5.30000002
8:10:00 AM 5.46666669
8:20:00 AM 5.63333336
8:30:00 AM 5.80000003
8:40:00 AM 5.9666667
8:50:00 AM 6.13333337
9:00:00 AM 6.30000004
9:10:00 AM 6
9:20:00 AM 5.69999996
9:30:00 AM 5.39999992
9:40:00 AM 5.09999988
9:50:00 AM 4.79999984
10:00:00 AM 4.4999998
10:10:00 AM 4.583333
10:20:00 AM 4.6666662
10:30:00 AM 4.7499994
10:40:00 AM 4.8333326
10:50:00 AM 4.9166658
11:00:00 AM 4.999999
11:10:00 AM 4.9583333
11:20:00 AM 4.9166676
11:30:00 AM 4.8750019
11:40:00 AM 4.8333362
11:50:00 AM 4.7916705
12:00:00 PM 4.7500048
12:10:00 PM 4.7083391
12:20:00 PM 4.6666734
12:30:00 PM 4.6250077
12:40:00 PM 4.583342
12:50:00 PM 4.5416763
1:00:00 PM 4.5000106
1:10:00 PM 4.75
1:20:00 PM 4.9999894
1:30:00 PM 5.2499788
1:40:00 PM 5.4999682
1:50:00 PM 5.7499576
2:00:00 PM 5.999947
2:10:00 PM 5.7833333
2:20:00 PM 5.5667196
2:30:00 PM 5.3501059
2:40:00 PM 5.1334922
2:50:00 PM 4.9168784999
3:00:00 PM 4.7002647999
3:10:00 PM 4.7833333
3:20:00 PM 4.8664018001
3:30:00 PM 4.9494703001
3:40:00 PM 5.0325388002
3:50:00 PM 5.1156073003
4:00:00 PM 5.1986758003
4:10:00 PM 5.191667
4:20:00 PM 5.1846581997
4:30:00 PM 5.1776493993
4:40:00 PM 5.170640599
4:50:00 PM 5.1636317986
5:00:00 PM 5.1566229983
5:10:00 PM 5.1496141979
5:20:00 PM 5.1426053976
5:30:00 PM 5.1355965972
5:40:00 PM 5.1285877969
5:50:00 PM 5.1215789966
6:00:00 PM 5.1145701962
6:10:00 PM 5.296237
6:20:00 PM 5.4779038038
6:30:00 PM 5.6595706076
6:40:00 PM 5.8412374114
6:50:00 PM 6.0229042152
7:00:00 PM 6.204571019
7:10:00 PM 6.05
7:20:00 PM 5.895428981
7:30:00 PM 5.740857962
7:40:00 PM 5.5862869431
7:50:00 PM 5.4317159241
8:00:00 PM 5.2771449051
8:10:00 PM 5.347645
8:20:00 PM 5.4181450949
8:30:00 PM 5.4886451897
8:40:00 PM 5.5591452846
8:50:00 PM 5.6296453795
9:00:00 PM 5.7001454744
9:10:00 PM 5.647971
9:20:00 PM 5.5957965256
9:30:00 PM 5.5436220512
9:40:00 PM 5.4914475769
9:50:00 PM 5.4392731025
10:00:00 PM 5.3870986281
10:10:00 PM 5.3349241538
10:20:00 PM 5.2827496794
10:30:00 PM 5.230575205
10:40:00 PM 5.1784007306
10:50:00 PM 5.1262262562
11:00:00 PM 5.0740517819
11:10:00 PM 5.0218773075
11:20:00 PM 4.9697028331
11:30:00 PM 4.9175283588
11:40:00 PM 4.8653538844
11:50:00 PM 4.81317941
12:00:00 AM 4.7610049356
12:10:00 AM 4.7088304613
12:20:00 AM 4.6566559869
12:30:00 AM 4.6044815125
12:40:00 AM 4.5523070381
12:50:00 AM 4.5001325638
1:00:00 AM 4.5
1:10:00 AM 4.494444
1:20:00 AM 4.488888
1:30:00 AM 4.483332
1:40:00 AM 4.477776
1:50:00 AM 4.47222
2:00:00 AM 4.466664
2:10:00 AM 4.461108
2:20:00 AM 4.455552
2:30:00 AM 4.449996
2:40:00 AM 4.44444
2:50:00 AM 4.438884
3:00:00 AM 4.433328
3:10:00 AM 4.427772
3:20:00 AM 4.422216
3:30:00 AM 4.41666
3:40:00 AM 4.411104
3:50:00 AM 4.405548
4:00:00 AM 4.399992
4:10:00 AM 4.394436
4:20:00 AM 4.38888
4:30:00 AM 4.383324
4:40:00 AM 4.377768
4:50:00 AM 4.372212
5:00:00 AM 4.366656
5:10:00 AM 4.3611
5:20:00 AM 4.355544
5:30:00 AM 4.349988
5:40:00 AM 4.344432
5:50:00 AM 4.338876
6:00:00 AM 4.33332
6:10:00 AM 4.327764
6:20:00 AM 4.322208
6:30:00 AM 4.316652
6:40:00 AM 4.311096
6:50:00 AM 4.30554
7:00:00 AM 4.299984
Glucose 0.291666666666667 0.298611111111111 0.305555555555555 0.3125 0.319444444444444 0.326388888888889 0.333333333333333 0.340277777777778 0.347222222222222 0.354166666666666 0.361111111111111 0.368055555555555 0.375 0.381944444444444 0.388888888888889 0.395833333333333 0.402777777777778 0.409722222222222 0.416666666666667 0.423611111111111 0.430555555555555 0.4375 0.444444444444444 0.451388888888889 0.458333333333333 0.465277777777777 0.472222222222222 0.479166666666666 0.486111111111111 0.493055555555555 0.5 0.506944444444444 0.513888888888888 0.520833333333333 0.527777777777777 0.534722222222222 0.541666666666666 0.548611111111111 0.555555555555555 0.562499999999999 0.569444444444444 0.576388888888888 0.583333333333333 0.590277777777777 0.597222222222221 0.604166666666666 0.61111111111111 0.618055555555555 0.624999999999999 0.631944444444444 0.638888888888888 0.645833333333332 0.652777777777777 0.659722222222221 0.666666666666666 0.67361111111111 0.680555555555555 0.687499999999999 0.694444444444443 0.701388888888888 0.708333333333332 0.715277777777777 0.722222222222221 0.729166666666665 0.73611111111111 0.743055555555554 0.749999999999999 0.756944444444443 0.763888888888888 0.770833333333332 0.777777777777776 0.784722222222221 0.791666666666665 0.798611111111109 0.805555555555553 0.812499999999997 0.819444444444441 0.826388888888885 0.833333333333329 0.840277777777773 0.847222222222217 0.854166666666661 0.861111111111105 0.868055555555549 0.874999999999993 0.881944444444437 0.888888888888881 0.895833333333325 0.902777777777769 0.909722222222213 0.916666666666657 0.923611111111101 0.930555555555545 0.937499999999989 0.944444444444433 0.951388888888877 0.958333333333321 0.965277777777765 0.972222222222209 0.979166666666653 0.986111111111097 0.993055555555541 0.999999999999985 1.00694444444443 1.01388888888887 1.02083333333332 1.02777777777776 1.0347222222222 1.04166666666665 1.04861111111109 1.05555555555554 1.06249999999998 1.06944444444442 1.07638888888887 1.08333333333331 1.09027777777776 1.0972222222222 1.10416666666664 1.11111111111109 1.11805555555553 1.12499999999998 1.13194444444442 1.13888888888886 1.14583333333331 1.15277777777775 1.1597222222222 1.16666666666664 1.17361111111108 1.18055555555553 1.18749999999997 1.19444444444442 1.20138888888886 1.2083333333333 1.21527777777775 1.22222222222219 1.22916666666664 1.23611111111108 1.24305555555552 1.24999999999997 1.25694444444441 1.26388888888886 1.2708333333333 1.27777777777774 1.28472222222219 1.29166666666663 4.3 4.46666667 4.63333334 4.80000001 4.96666668 5.13333335 5.30000002 5.46666669 5.63333336 5.80000003 5.9666667 6.13333337 6.30000004 6.0 5.69999995999999 5.39999991999998 5.09999987999997 4.79999983999996 4.49999979999995 4.583333 4.66666620000005 4.7499994000001 4.83333260000015 4.9166658000002 4.99999900000025 4.9583333 4.91666759999975 4.8750018999995 4.83333619999925 4.791670499999 4.75000479999875 4.7083390999985 4.66667339999824 4.62500769999799 4.58334199999774 4.54167629999749 4.50001059999724 4.75 4.99998940000276 5.24997880000552 5.49996820000828 5.74995760001104 5.9999470000138 5.7833333 5.5667195999862 5.3501058999724 5.1334921999586 4.9168784999448 4.700264799931 4.7833333 4.866401800069 4.949470300138 5.032538800207 5.115607300276 5.198675800345 5.191667 5.184658199655 5.17764939931 5.170640598965 5.16363179862 5.156622998275 5.14961419793 5.142605397585 5.13559659724 5.128587796895 5.12157899655 5.114570196205 5.296237 5.477903803795 5.65957060759 5.841237411385 6.02290421518 6.204571018975 6.05 5.895428981025 5.74085796205 5.586286943075 5.4317159241 5.277144905125 5.347645 5.418145094875 5.48864518975 5.559145284625 5.6296453795 5.700145474375 5.647971 5.595796525625 5.54362205125 5.491447576875 5.4392731025 5.387098628125 5.33492415375 5.282749679375 5.230575205 5.178400730625 5.12622625625 5.074051781875 5.0218773075 4.969702833125 4.91752835875 4.86535388437501 4.81317941000001 4.76100493562501 4.70883046125001 4.65665598687501 4.60448151250001 4.55230703812501 4.50013256375001 4.5 4.494444 4.488888 4.483332 4.477776 4.47222 4.466664 4.461108 4.455552 4.449996 4.44444 4.438884 4.433328 4.427772 4.422216 4.41665999999999 4.41110399999999 4.40554799999999 4.39999199999999 4.39443599999999 4.38887999999999 4.38332399999999 4.37776799999999 4.37221199999999 4.36665599999999 4.36109999999999 4.35554399999999 4.34998799999999 4.34443199999999 4.33887599999999 4.33331999999999 4.32776399999999 4.32220799999999 4.31665199999999 4.31109599999999 4.30553999999999 4.29998399999999

Chart4

Blood glucose D 0.291666666666667 0.333333333333333 0.375 0.416666666666667 0.458333333333334 0.5 0.541666666666667 0.583333333333333 0.625 0.666666666666667 0.708333333333333 0.75 0.791666666666667 0.833333333333333 0.875 0.916666666666666 0.958333333333333 1.0 1.04166666666667 1.08333333333333 1.125 1.16666666666667 1.20833333333333 1.25 1.29166666666667 4.7 9.8 13.5 15.5 16.6 11.0 5.3 7.3 4.942464783612716 5.845978445935001 5.147259239133382 5.627051906132833 7.2 6.1 6.213504115832566 6.472961301509467 5.3 5.068473179452384 5.418127107685439 5.33574796848017 5.10093358325119 5.331853745758214 4.950045448019964 4.868230169423422 4.718694948282119 Blood glucose A 4.3 5.3 6.3 4.4 5.0 4.75 4.5 5.9 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 6.3 5.3 5.8 5.65 4.7 4.55 4.5 4.45 4.42 4.39 4.36 4.325 4.30000000000001

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

Better one to use

Time Blood glucose Serum insulin
7:00:00 AM 4.3 50
8:00:00 AM 5.3 150
9:00:00 AM 6.3 275
10:00:00 AM 4.4 110
11:00:00 AM 5 130
12:00:00 PM 4.75 102.5
1:00:00 PM 4.5 75
2:00:00 PM 5.9 225
3:00:00 PM 4.3 100
4:00:00 PM 5.2 130
5:00:00 PM 5.1 120
6:00:00 PM 5 110
7:00:00 PM 6.3 240
8:00:00 PM 5.3 140
9:00:00 PM 5.8 150
10:00:00 PM 5.65 130
11:00:00 PM 4.7 100
12:00:00 AM 4.55 72
1:00:00 AM 4.5 66
2:00:00 AM 4.45 64
3:00:00 AM 4.42 61
4:00:00 AM 4.39 59.5
5:00:00 AM 4.36 57
6:00:00 AM 4.325 53
7:00:00 AM 4.3 50
Blood glucose 0.291666666666667 0.333333333333333 0.375 0.416666666666667 0.458333333333334 0.5 0.541666666666667 0.583333333333333 0.625 0.666666666666667 0.708333333333333 0.75 0.791666666666667 0.833333333333333 0.875 0.916666666666666 0.958333333333333 1.0 1.04166666666667 1.08333333333333 1.125 1.16666666666667 1.20833333333333 1.25 1.29166666666667 4.3 5.3 6.3 4.4 5.0 4.75 4.5 5.9 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 6.3 5.3 5.8 5.65 4.7 4.55 4.5 4.45 4.42 4.39 4.36 4.325 4.30000000000001 Serum insulin 0.291666666666667 0.333333333333333 0.375 0.416666666666667 0.458333333333334 0.5 0.541666666666667 0.583333333333333 0.625 0.666666666666667 0.708333333333333 0.75 0.791666666666667 0.833333333333333 0.875 0.916666666666666 0.958333333333333 1.0 1.04166666666667 1.08333333333333 1.125 1.16666666666667 1.20833333333333 1.25 1.29166666666667 50.0 150.0 275.0 110.0 130.0 102.5 75.0 225.0 100.0 130.0 120.0 110.0 240.0 140.0 150.0 130.0 100.0 72.0 66.0 64.0 61.0 59.5 57.0 53.0 50.0

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

Serum insulin (pmol/L)

Blood glucose 0.291666666666667 0.333333333333333 0.375 0.416666666666667 0.458333333333334 0.5 0.541666666666667 0.583333333333333 0.625 0.666666666666667 0.708333333333333 0.75 0.791666666666667 0.833333333333333 0.875 0.916666666666666 0.958333333333333 1.0 1.04166666666667 1.08333333333333 1.125 1.16666666666667 1.20833333333333 1.25 1.29166666666667 4.3 5.3 6.3 4.4 5.0 4.75 4.5 5.9 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 6.3 5.3 5.8 5.65 4.7 4.55 4.5 4.45 4.42 4.39 4.36 4.325 4.30000000000001

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

Diabetes

Time Blood glucose D Blood glucose A
7:00:00 AM 4.7 4.3
8:00:00 AM 9.8 5.3
9:00:00 AM 13.5 6.3
10:00:00 AM 15.5 4.4
11:00:00 AM 16.6 5
12:00:00 PM 11 4.75
1:00:00 PM 5.3 4.5
2:00:00 PM 7.3 5.9
3:00:00 PM 4.9424647836 4.3
4:00:00 PM 5.8459784459 5.2
5:00:00 PM 5.1472592391 5.1
6:00:00 PM 5.6270519061 5
7:00:00 PM 7.2 6.3
8:00:00 PM 6.1 5.3
9:00:00 PM 6.2135041158 5.8
10:00:00 PM 6.4729613015 5.65
11:00:00 PM 5.3 4.7
12:00:00 AM 5.0684731795 4.55
1:00:00 AM 5.4181271077 4.5
2:00:00 AM 5.3357479685 4.45
3:00:00 AM 5.1009335833 4.42
4:00:00 AM 5.3318537458 4.39
5:00:00 AM 4.950045448 4.36
6:00:00 AM 4.8682301694 4.325
7:00:00 AM 4.7186949483 4.3
Time Blood glucose A
7:00:00 AM 4.3
8:00:00 AM 5.3
9:00:00 AM 6.3
10:00:00 AM 4.4
11:00:00 AM 5
12:00:00 PM 4.75
1:00:00 PM 4.5
2:00:00 PM 5.9
3:00:00 PM 4.3
4:00:00 PM 5.2
5:00:00 PM 5.1
6:00:00 PM 5
7:00:00 PM 6.3
8:00:00 PM 5.3
9:00:00 PM 5.8
10:00:00 PM 5.65
11:00:00 PM 4.7
12:00:00 AM 4.55
1:00:00 AM 4.5
2:00:00 AM 4.45
3:00:00 AM 4.42
4:00:00 AM 4.39
5:00:00 AM 4.36
6:00:00 AM 4.325
7:00:00 AM 4.3
Blood glucose D 0.291666666666667 0.333333333333333 0.375 0.416666666666667 0.458333333333334 0.5 0.541666666666667 0.583333333333333 0.625 0.666666666666667 0.708333333333333 0.75 0.791666666666667 0.833333333333333 0.875 0.916666666666666 0.958333333333333 1.0 1.04166666666667 1.08333333333333 1.125 1.16666666666667 1.20833333333333 1.25 1.29166666666667 4.7 9.8 13.5 15.5 16.6 11.0 5.3 7.3 4.942464783612716 5.845978445935001 5.147259239133382 5.627051906132833 7.2 6.1 6.213504115832566 6.472961301509467 5.3 5.068473179452384 5.418127107685439 5.33574796848017 5.10093358325119 5.331853745758214 4.950045448019964 4.868230169423422 4.718694948282119 Blood glucose A 4.3 5.3 6.3 4.4 5.0 4.75 4.5 5.9 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 6.3 5.3 5.8 5.65 4.7 4.55 4.5 4.45 4.42 4.39 4.36 4.325 4.30000000000001

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

Blood glucose A 4.3 5.3 6.3 4.4 5.0 4.75 4.5 5.9 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 6.3 5.3 5.8 5.65 4.7 4.55 4.5 4.45 4.42 4.39 4.36 4.325 4.30000000000001

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

Sheet1

Time Glucose
7:00:00 AM 4.3
7:10:00 AM 4.46666667
7:20:00 AM 4.63333334
7:30:00 AM 4.80000001
7:40:00 AM 4.96666668
7:50:00 AM 5.13333335
8:00:00 AM 5.30000002
8:10:00 AM 5.46666669
8:20:00 AM 5.63333336
8:30:00 AM 5.80000003
8:40:00 AM 5.9666667
8:50:00 AM 6.13333337
9:00:00 AM 6.30000004
9:10:00 AM 6
9:20:00 AM 5.69999996
9:30:00 AM 5.39999992
9:40:00 AM 5.09999988
9:50:00 AM 4.79999984
10:00:00 AM 4.4999998
10:10:00 AM 4.583333
10:20:00 AM 4.6666662
10:30:00 AM 4.7499994
10:40:00 AM 4.8333326
10:50:00 AM 4.9166658
11:00:00 AM 4.999999
11:10:00 AM 4.9583333
11:20:00 AM 4.9166676
11:30:00 AM 4.8750019
11:40:00 AM 4.8333362
11:50:00 AM 4.7916705
12:00:00 PM 4.7500048
12:10:00 PM 4.7083391
12:20:00 PM 4.6666734
12:30:00 PM 4.6250077
12:40:00 PM 4.583342
12:50:00 PM 4.5416763
1:00:00 PM 4.5000106
1:10:00 PM 4.75
1:20:00 PM 4.9999894
1:30:00 PM 5.2499788
1:40:00 PM 5.4999682
1:50:00 PM 5.7499576
2:00:00 PM 5.999947
2:10:00 PM 5.7833333
2:20:00 PM 5.5667196
2:30:00 PM 5.3501059
2:40:00 PM 5.1334922
2:50:00 PM 4.9168784999
3:00:00 PM 4.7002647999
3:10:00 PM 4.7833333
3:20:00 PM 4.8664018001
3:30:00 PM 4.9494703001
3:40:00 PM 5.0325388002
3:50:00 PM 5.1156073003
4:00:00 PM 5.1986758003
4:10:00 PM 5.191667
4:20:00 PM 5.1846581997
4:30:00 PM 5.1776493993
4:40:00 PM 5.170640599
4:50:00 PM 5.1636317986
5:00:00 PM 5.1566229983
5:10:00 PM 5.1496141979
5:20:00 PM 5.1426053976
5:30:00 PM 5.1355965972
5:40:00 PM 5.1285877969
5:50:00 PM 5.1215789966
6:00:00 PM 5.1145701962
6:10:00 PM 5.296237
6:20:00 PM 5.4779038038
6:30:00 PM 5.6595706076
6:40:00 PM 5.8412374114
6:50:00 PM 6.0229042152
7:00:00 PM 6.204571019
7:10:00 PM 6.05
7:20:00 PM 5.895428981
7:30:00 PM 5.740857962
7:40:00 PM 5.5862869431
7:50:00 PM 5.4317159241
8:00:00 PM 5.2771449051
8:10:00 PM 5.347645
8:20:00 PM 5.4181450949
8:30:00 PM 5.4886451897
8:40:00 PM 5.5591452846
8:50:00 PM 5.6296453795
9:00:00 PM 5.7001454744
9:10:00 PM 5.647971
9:20:00 PM 5.5957965256
9:30:00 PM 5.5436220512
9:40:00 PM 5.4914475769
9:50:00 PM 5.4392731025
10:00:00 PM 5.3870986281
10:10:00 PM 5.3349241538
10:20:00 PM 5.2827496794
10:30:00 PM 5.230575205
10:40:00 PM 5.1784007306
10:50:00 PM 5.1262262562
11:00:00 PM 5.0740517819
11:10:00 PM 5.0218773075
11:20:00 PM 4.9697028331
11:30:00 PM 4.9175283588
11:40:00 PM 4.8653538844
11:50:00 PM 4.81317941
12:00:00 AM 4.7610049356
12:10:00 AM 4.7088304613
12:20:00 AM 4.6566559869
12:30:00 AM 4.6044815125
12:40:00 AM 4.5523070381
12:50:00 AM 4.5001325638
1:00:00 AM 4.5
1:10:00 AM 4.494444
1:20:00 AM 4.488888
1:30:00 AM 4.483332
1:40:00 AM 4.477776
1:50:00 AM 4.47222
2:00:00 AM 4.466664
2:10:00 AM 4.461108
2:20:00 AM 4.455552
2:30:00 AM 4.449996
2:40:00 AM 4.44444
2:50:00 AM 4.438884
3:00:00 AM 4.433328
3:10:00 AM 4.427772
3:20:00 AM 4.422216
3:30:00 AM 4.41666
3:40:00 AM 4.411104
3:50:00 AM 4.405548
4:00:00 AM 4.399992
4:10:00 AM 4.394436
4:20:00 AM 4.38888
4:30:00 AM 4.383324
4:40:00 AM 4.377768
4:50:00 AM 4.372212
5:00:00 AM 4.366656
5:10:00 AM 4.3611
5:20:00 AM 4.355544
5:30:00 AM 4.349988
5:40:00 AM 4.344432
5:50:00 AM 4.338876
6:00:00 AM 4.33332
6:10:00 AM 4.327764
6:20:00 AM 4.322208
6:30:00 AM 4.316652
6:40:00 AM 4.311096
6:50:00 AM 4.30554
7:00:00 AM 4.299984
Glucose 0.291666666666667 0.298611111111111 0.305555555555555 0.3125 0.319444444444444 0.326388888888889 0.333333333333333 0.340277777777778 0.347222222222222 0.354166666666666 0.361111111111111 0.368055555555555 0.375 0.381944444444444 0.388888888888889 0.395833333333333 0.402777777777778 0.409722222222222 0.416666666666667 0.423611111111111 0.430555555555555 0.4375 0.444444444444444 0.451388888888889 0.458333333333333 0.465277777777777 0.472222222222222 0.479166666666666 0.486111111111111 0.493055555555555 0.5 0.506944444444444 0.513888888888888 0.520833333333333 0.527777777777777 0.534722222222222 0.541666666666666 0.548611111111111 0.555555555555555 0.562499999999999 0.569444444444444 0.576388888888888 0.583333333333333 0.590277777777777 0.597222222222221 0.604166666666666 0.61111111111111 0.618055555555555 0.624999999999999 0.631944444444444 0.638888888888888 0.645833333333332 0.652777777777777 0.659722222222221 0.666666666666666 0.67361111111111 0.680555555555555 0.687499999999999 0.694444444444443 0.701388888888888 0.708333333333332 0.715277777777777 0.722222222222221 0.729166666666665 0.73611111111111 0.743055555555554 0.749999999999999 0.756944444444443 0.763888888888888 0.770833333333332 0.777777777777776 0.784722222222221 0.791666666666665 0.798611111111109 0.805555555555553 0.812499999999997 0.819444444444441 0.826388888888885 0.833333333333329 0.840277777777773 0.847222222222217 0.854166666666661 0.861111111111105 0.868055555555549 0.874999999999993 0.881944444444437 0.888888888888881 0.895833333333325 0.902777777777769 0.909722222222213 0.916666666666657 0.923611111111101 0.930555555555545 0.937499999999989 0.944444444444433 0.951388888888877 0.958333333333321 0.965277777777765 0.972222222222209 0.979166666666653 0.986111111111097 0.993055555555541 0.999999999999985 1.00694444444443 1.01388888888887 1.02083333333332 1.02777777777776 1.0347222222222 1.04166666666665 1.04861111111109 1.05555555555554 1.06249999999998 1.06944444444442 1.07638888888887 1.08333333333331 1.09027777777776 1.0972222222222 1.10416666666664 1.11111111111109 1.11805555555553 1.12499999999998 1.13194444444442 1.13888888888886 1.14583333333331 1.15277777777775 1.1597222222222 1.16666666666664 1.17361111111108 1.18055555555553 1.18749999999997 1.19444444444442 1.20138888888886 1.2083333333333 1.21527777777775 1.22222222222219 1.22916666666664 1.23611111111108 1.24305555555552 1.24999999999997 1.25694444444441 1.26388888888886 1.2708333333333 1.27777777777774 1.28472222222219 1.29166666666663 4.3 4.46666667 4.63333334 4.80000001 4.96666668 5.13333335 5.30000002 5.46666669 5.63333336 5.80000003 5.9666667 6.13333337 6.30000004 6.0 5.69999995999999 5.39999991999998 5.09999987999997 4.79999983999996 4.49999979999995 4.583333 4.66666620000005 4.7499994000001 4.83333260000015 4.9166658000002 4.99999900000025 4.9583333 4.91666759999975 4.8750018999995 4.83333619999925 4.791670499999 4.75000479999875 4.7083390999985 4.66667339999824 4.62500769999799 4.58334199999774 4.54167629999749 4.50001059999724 4.75 4.99998940000276 5.24997880000552 5.49996820000828 5.74995760001104 5.9999470000138 5.7833333 5.5667195999862 5.3501058999724 5.1334921999586 4.9168784999448 4.700264799931 4.7833333 4.866401800069 4.949470300138 5.032538800207 5.115607300276 5.198675800345 5.191667 5.184658199655 5.17764939931 5.170640598965 5.16363179862 5.156622998275 5.14961419793 5.142605397585 5.13559659724 5.128587796895 5.12157899655 5.114570196205 5.296237 5.477903803795 5.65957060759 5.841237411385 6.02290421518 6.204571018975 6.05 5.895428981025 5.74085796205 5.586286943075 5.4317159241 5.277144905125 5.347645 5.418145094875 5.48864518975 5.559145284625 5.6296453795 5.700145474375 5.647971 5.595796525625 5.54362205125 5.491447576875 5.4392731025 5.387098628125 5.33492415375 5.282749679375 5.230575205 5.178400730625 5.12622625625 5.074051781875 5.0218773075 4.969702833125 4.91752835875 4.86535388437501 4.81317941000001 4.76100493562501 4.70883046125001 4.65665598687501 4.60448151250001 4.55230703812501 4.50013256375001 4.5 4.494444 4.488888 4.483332 4.477776 4.47222 4.466664 4.461108 4.455552 4.449996 4.44444 4.438884 4.433328 4.427772 4.422216 4.41665999999999 4.41110399999999 4.40554799999999 4.39999199999999 4.39443599999999 4.38887999999999 4.38332399999999 4.37776799999999 4.37221199999999 4.36665599999999 4.36109999999999 4.35554399999999 4.34998799999999 4.34443199999999 4.33887599999999 4.33331999999999 4.32776399999999 4.32220799999999 4.31665199999999 4.31109599999999 4.30553999999999 4.29998399999999

Chart1

Blood glucose 0.291666666666667 0.333333333333333 0.375 0.416666666666667 0.458333333333334 0.5 0.541666666666667 0.583333333333333 0.625 0.666666666666667 0.708333333333333 0.75 0.791666666666667 0.833333333333333 0.875 0.916666666666666 0.958333333333333 1.0 1.04166666666667 1.08333333333333 1.125 1.16666666666667 1.20833333333333 1.25 1.29166666666667 4.3 5.3 6.3 4.4 5.0 4.75 4.5 5.9 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 6.3 5.3 5.8 5.65 4.7 4.55 4.5 4.45 4.42 4.39 4.36 4.325 4.30000000000001 Serum insulin 0.291666666666667 0.333333333333333 0.375 0.416666666666667 0.458333333333334 0.5 0.541666666666667 0.583333333333333 0.625 0.666666666666667 0.708333333333333 0.75 0.791666666666667 0.833333333333333 0.875 0.916666666666666 0.958333333333333 1.0 1.04166666666667 1.08333333333333 1.125 1.16666666666667 1.20833333333333 1.25 1.29166666666667 50.0 150.0 275.0 110.0 130.0 102.5 75.0 225.0 100.0 130.0 120.0 110.0 240.0 140.0 150.0 130.0 100.0 72.0 66.0 64.0 61.0 59.5 57.0 53.0 50.0

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

Serum insulin (pmol/L)

Better one to use

Time Blood glucose Serum insulin
7:00:00 AM 4.3 50
8:00:00 AM 5.3 150
9:00:00 AM 6.3 275
10:00:00 AM 4.4 110
11:00:00 AM 5 130
12:00:00 PM 4.75 102.5
1:00:00 PM 4.5 75
2:00:00 PM 5.9 225
3:00:00 PM 4.3 100
4:00:00 PM 5.2 130
5:00:00 PM 5.1 120
6:00:00 PM 5 110
7:00:00 PM 6.3 240
8:00:00 PM 5.3 140
9:00:00 PM 5.8 150
10:00:00 PM 5.65 130
11:00:00 PM 4.7 100
12:00:00 AM 4.55 72
1:00:00 AM 4.5 66
2:00:00 AM 4.45 64
3:00:00 AM 4.42 61
4:00:00 AM 4.39 59.5
5:00:00 AM 4.36 57
6:00:00 AM 4.325 53
7:00:00 AM 4.3 50
Blood glucose 0.291666666666667 0.333333333333333 0.375 0.416666666666667 0.458333333333334 0.5 0.541666666666667 0.583333333333333 0.625 0.666666666666667 0.708333333333333 0.75 0.791666666666667 0.833333333333333 0.875 0.916666666666666 0.958333333333333 1.0 1.04166666666667 1.08333333333333 1.125 1.16666666666667 1.20833333333333 1.25 1.29166666666667 4.3 5.3 6.3 4.4 5.0 4.75 4.5 5.9 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 6.3 5.3 5.8 5.65 4.7 4.55 4.5 4.45 4.42 4.39 4.36 4.325 4.30000000000001 Serum insulin 0.291666666666667 0.333333333333333 0.375 0.416666666666667 0.458333333333334 0.5 0.541666666666667 0.583333333333333 0.625 0.666666666666667 0.708333333333333 0.75 0.791666666666667 0.833333333333333 0.875 0.916666666666666 0.958333333333333 1.0 1.04166666666667 1.08333333333333 1.125 1.16666666666667 1.20833333333333 1.25 1.29166666666667 50.0 150.0 275.0 110.0 130.0 102.5 75.0 225.0 100.0 130.0 120.0 110.0 240.0 140.0 150.0 130.0 100.0 72.0 66.0 64.0 61.0 59.5 57.0 53.0 50.0

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

Serum insulin (pmol/L)

Blood glucose 0.291666666666667 0.333333333333333 0.375 0.416666666666667 0.458333333333334 0.5 0.541666666666667 0.583333333333333 0.625 0.666666666666667 0.708333333333333 0.75 0.791666666666667 0.833333333333333 0.875 0.916666666666666 0.958333333333333 1.0 1.04166666666667 1.08333333333333 1.125 1.16666666666667 1.20833333333333 1.25 1.29166666666667 4.3 5.3 6.3 4.4 5.0 4.75 4.5 5.9 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 6.3 5.3 5.8 5.65 4.7 4.55 4.5 4.45 4.42 4.39 4.36 4.325 4.30000000000001

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

Diabetes

Time Blood glucose D Blood glucose A
7:00:00 AM 4.7 4.3
8:00:00 AM 9.8 5.3
9:00:00 AM 13.5 6.3
10:00:00 AM 15.5 4.4
11:00:00 AM 16.6 5
12:00:00 PM 11 4.75
1:00:00 PM 5.3 4.5
2:00:00 PM 7.3 5.9
3:00:00 PM 4.9424647836 4.3
4:00:00 PM 5.8459784459 5.2
5:00:00 PM 5.1472592391 5.1
6:00:00 PM 5.6270519061 5
7:00:00 PM 7.2 6.3
8:00:00 PM 6.1 5.3
9:00:00 PM 6.2135041158 5.8
10:00:00 PM 6.4729613015 5.65
11:00:00 PM 5.3 4.7
12:00:00 AM 5.0684731795 4.55
1:00:00 AM 5.4181271077 4.5
2:00:00 AM 5.3357479685 4.45
3:00:00 AM 5.1009335833 4.42
4:00:00 AM 5.3318537458 4.39
5:00:00 AM 4.950045448 4.36
6:00:00 AM 4.8682301694 4.325
7:00:00 AM 4.7186949483 4.3
Time Blood glucose A
7:00:00 AM 4.3
8:00:00 AM 5.3
9:00:00 AM 6.3
10:00:00 AM 4.4
11:00:00 AM 5
12:00:00 PM 4.75
1:00:00 PM 4.5
2:00:00 PM 5.9
3:00:00 PM 4.3
4:00:00 PM 5.2
5:00:00 PM 5.1
6:00:00 PM 5
7:00:00 PM 6.3
8:00:00 PM 5.3
9:00:00 PM 5.8
10:00:00 PM 5.65
11:00:00 PM 4.7
12:00:00 AM 4.55
1:00:00 AM 4.5
2:00:00 AM 4.45
3:00:00 AM 4.42
4:00:00 AM 4.39
5:00:00 AM 4.36
6:00:00 AM 4.325
7:00:00 AM 4.3
Blood glucose D 0.291666666666667 0.333333333333333 0.375 0.416666666666667 0.458333333333334 0.5 0.541666666666667 0.583333333333333 0.625 0.666666666666667 0.708333333333333 0.75 0.791666666666667 0.833333333333333 0.875 0.916666666666666 0.958333333333333 1.0 1.04166666666667 1.08333333333333 1.125 1.16666666666667 1.20833333333333 1.25 1.29166666666667 4.7 9.8 13.5 15.5 16.6 11.0 5.3 7.3 4.942464783612716 5.845978445935001 5.147259239133382 5.627051906132833 7.2 6.1 6.213504115832566 6.472961301509467 5.3 5.068473179452384 5.418127107685439 5.33574796848017 5.10093358325119 5.331853745758214 4.950045448019964 4.868230169423422 4.718694948282119 Blood glucose A 4.3 5.3 6.3 4.4 5.0 4.75 4.5 5.9 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 6.3 5.3 5.8 5.65 4.7 4.55 4.5 4.45 4.42 4.39 4.36 4.325 4.30000000000001

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

Blood glucose A 4.3 5.3 6.3 4.4 5.0 4.75 4.5 5.9 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 6.3 5.3 5.8 5.65 4.7 4.55 4.5 4.45 4.42 4.39 4.36 4.325 4.30000000000001

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

Sheet1

Time Glucose
7:00:00 AM 4.3
7:10:00 AM 4.46666667
7:20:00 AM 4.63333334
7:30:00 AM 4.80000001
7:40:00 AM 4.96666668
7:50:00 AM 5.13333335
8:00:00 AM 5.30000002
8:10:00 AM 5.46666669
8:20:00 AM 5.63333336
8:30:00 AM 5.80000003
8:40:00 AM 5.9666667
8:50:00 AM 6.13333337
9:00:00 AM 6.30000004
9:10:00 AM 6
9:20:00 AM 5.69999996
9:30:00 AM 5.39999992
9:40:00 AM 5.09999988
9:50:00 AM 4.79999984
10:00:00 AM 4.4999998
10:10:00 AM 4.583333
10:20:00 AM 4.6666662
10:30:00 AM 4.7499994
10:40:00 AM 4.8333326
10:50:00 AM 4.9166658
11:00:00 AM 4.999999
11:10:00 AM 4.9583333
11:20:00 AM 4.9166676
11:30:00 AM 4.8750019
11:40:00 AM 4.8333362
11:50:00 AM 4.7916705
12:00:00 PM 4.7500048
12:10:00 PM 4.7083391
12:20:00 PM 4.6666734
12:30:00 PM 4.6250077
12:40:00 PM 4.583342
12:50:00 PM 4.5416763
1:00:00 PM 4.5000106
1:10:00 PM 4.75
1:20:00 PM 4.9999894
1:30:00 PM 5.2499788
1:40:00 PM 5.4999682
1:50:00 PM 5.7499576
2:00:00 PM 5.999947
2:10:00 PM 5.7833333
2:20:00 PM 5.5667196
2:30:00 PM 5.3501059
2:40:00 PM 5.1334922
2:50:00 PM 4.9168784999
3:00:00 PM 4.7002647999
3:10:00 PM 4.7833333
3:20:00 PM 4.8664018001
3:30:00 PM 4.9494703001
3:40:00 PM 5.0325388002
3:50:00 PM 5.1156073003
4:00:00 PM 5.1986758003
4:10:00 PM 5.191667
4:20:00 PM 5.1846581997
4:30:00 PM 5.1776493993
4:40:00 PM 5.170640599
4:50:00 PM 5.1636317986
5:00:00 PM 5.1566229983
5:10:00 PM 5.1496141979
5:20:00 PM 5.1426053976
5:30:00 PM 5.1355965972
5:40:00 PM 5.1285877969
5:50:00 PM 5.1215789966
6:00:00 PM 5.1145701962
6:10:00 PM 5.296237
6:20:00 PM 5.4779038038
6:30:00 PM 5.6595706076
6:40:00 PM 5.8412374114
6:50:00 PM 6.0229042152
7:00:00 PM 6.204571019
7:10:00 PM 6.05
7:20:00 PM 5.895428981
7:30:00 PM 5.740857962
7:40:00 PM 5.5862869431
7:50:00 PM 5.4317159241
8:00:00 PM 5.2771449051
8:10:00 PM 5.347645
8:20:00 PM 5.4181450949
8:30:00 PM 5.4886451897
8:40:00 PM 5.5591452846
8:50:00 PM 5.6296453795
9:00:00 PM 5.7001454744
9:10:00 PM 5.647971
9:20:00 PM 5.5957965256
9:30:00 PM 5.5436220512
9:40:00 PM 5.4914475769
9:50:00 PM 5.4392731025
10:00:00 PM 5.3870986281
10:10:00 PM 5.3349241538
10:20:00 PM 5.2827496794
10:30:00 PM 5.230575205
10:40:00 PM 5.1784007306
10:50:00 PM 5.1262262562
11:00:00 PM 5.0740517819
11:10:00 PM 5.0218773075
11:20:00 PM 4.9697028331
11:30:00 PM 4.9175283588
11:40:00 PM 4.8653538844
11:50:00 PM 4.81317941
12:00:00 AM 4.7610049356
12:10:00 AM 4.7088304613
12:20:00 AM 4.6566559869
12:30:00 AM 4.6044815125
12:40:00 AM 4.5523070381
12:50:00 AM 4.5001325638
1:00:00 AM 4.5
1:10:00 AM 4.494444
1:20:00 AM 4.488888
1:30:00 AM 4.483332
1:40:00 AM 4.477776
1:50:00 AM 4.47222
2:00:00 AM 4.466664
2:10:00 AM 4.461108
2:20:00 AM 4.455552
2:30:00 AM 4.449996
2:40:00 AM 4.44444
2:50:00 AM 4.438884
3:00:00 AM 4.433328
3:10:00 AM 4.427772
3:20:00 AM 4.422216
3:30:00 AM 4.41666
3:40:00 AM 4.411104
3:50:00 AM 4.405548
4:00:00 AM 4.399992
4:10:00 AM 4.394436
4:20:00 AM 4.38888
4:30:00 AM 4.383324
4:40:00 AM 4.377768
4:50:00 AM 4.372212
5:00:00 AM 4.366656
5:10:00 AM 4.3611
5:20:00 AM 4.355544
5:30:00 AM 4.349988
5:40:00 AM 4.344432
5:50:00 AM 4.338876
6:00:00 AM 4.33332
6:10:00 AM 4.327764
6:20:00 AM 4.322208
6:30:00 AM 4.316652
6:40:00 AM 4.311096
6:50:00 AM 4.30554
7:00:00 AM 4.299984
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