BIO EVENTS
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Event13.pptxEvent 13
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Event 13
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Event 13
Eight more online modules, 7 with quizzes
Final quiz* (optional) in D2L Quizzes.
* Worth 30 points. Score divided by 6 can replace up to six lower in-lecture quiz scores.
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Event 13
Review of previous activities.
Comments on recent assignment (Climate change: Migration or adaptation?).
On-line (and upcoming) activities
Biology and agriculture.
Assignment, Event 13
Quiz
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Last Event
Climate change: Migration or adaptation (final exam question).
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As environmental conditions vary, organisms may 1) migrate to locations with suitable habitat if available and reachable; and/or 2) adapt in place to altered environmental conditions if heritable genetic variation exists.
Last Event
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Last Event
Needs to be close to a fairly steep slope that rises in elevation significantly.
Must have otherwise suitable habitat on the slope that moves upward as temperatures increase.
Slope must rise to a great enough elevation to provide sufficient space for continued migration.
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On-line activities, Event 13
CHAPTER 7: Evolution
Module 23: Macroevolution*
Module 24: Chapter Summary*
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* Module with quiz.
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UNIT 3 The Cell
UNIT 4 Metabolism
UNIT 5 Cell Division
UNIT 6 Classical Genetics
UNIT 7 Evolution
UNIT 2 Introduction
to Chemistry
UNIT 8 Ecology
UNIT 1 Introduction
Agriculture
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United States
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Six plant species provide majority of human food
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| Crop | World production (million metric tons) |
| corn (maize) | 823 |
| wheat | 690 |
| rice | 685 |
| potato | 314 |
| cassava | 233 |
| soybean | 110 |
(high carbohydrate content)
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cassava (Manihot esculenta)
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Cassava production
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wheat
corn
Annual increase in yield (%)
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Total factor productivity = portion of output not explained by the inputs used. Efficiency and intensity.
“Extensification” = increased land area on which food is produced.
Population in 1961 was 3.1 billion. In 2014 it was 7.1 billion. Now about 7.6 billion. Growth rate ranges from 2.07% in 1970 to about 1.1% in 2018
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“Intensification” = increased output per unit of land area.
Genetic improvements,
synthetic fertilizers,
pesticides
The “Green Revolution”
1950-1970 (primarily wheat and rice)
Plant breeding higher yields and stress tolerance
Fertilizers, pesticides,
irrigation
“Industrialized
agriculture”
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Norman Borlaug
Nobel Peace Prize, 1970
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* = genetic modification.
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Genetic modification of agricultural organisms
Farmers and food preparers have been genetically modifying agricultural organisms (via selection) for thousands of years.
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“Genetically Modified Organisms” (GMO’s)
The genetic material has been altered in such a way that does not occur naturally.
Often this involves introduction of genetic material from an unrelated organism, a process called transformation transgenic organism.
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In the US, also referred to as bioengineered.
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Common traits in GMO’s
Herbicide (weed-killing chemicals) resistance
Insect resistance
Reduced mycotoxins
Novel products (e.g., drugs, oils, vitamins)
Drought tolerance
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How common are GMO crops in the United States?
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Opposition to GMO’s
Health effects of:
GMO’s…?
Herbicides or other pesticides
Resistance to herbicides in weeds
Linkage to industrialized agricultural systems that may not be environmentally or socially sustainable.
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“Science is a way to call the bluff of those who only pretend to knowledge…It can tell us when we’re being lied to. It provides a mid-course correction to our mistakes.”
Carl Sagan
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Assignment, Event 13:*
Write an essay of less than 100 words that 1) explains what “Genetically Modified Organisms” (GMO’s) are, and 2) both sides of the controversy related to their production and use in the United States.
Your intended audience is someone who has not taken a course similar to this one.
You will want to use information from the Web in completing this assignment. Be sure to evaluate the trustworthiness of your sources. Provide your references. (Reference list is not included in the the word count.)
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Assignment = 49 words.
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Quiz
Briefly describe what changes in agricultural plants and practices occurred in the “Green Revolution.”
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