literature review-healthcare and artificial intelligence

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Full Title of Your Paper Here (up to 12 words on 1 or 2 lines)

Your Name (First & Last)

International Academy, University of Southern California

Date (month day, year)

Your Instructor’s (first & last) Name

Your Full Title of Your Paper

APA formatting has the following features: 1” margins all around; 12-point Times New Roman font; double-spacing; ½” paragraph indentation; text aligns to the left-hand margin; an abbreviated title in all CAPITAL LETTERS is in the header (the words “Running head:” appear only on the title page; page numbers are in the upper right-hand corner; headings are capitalized and in bold; the word “References” on the reference page is NOT in bold.

Begin typing. The computer will wrap your text for you based upon the margin settings established by this document template. It is not necessary for you to hit the enter or return key at the end of a line of text. Only hit the enter key (one time) when you reach the end of a paragraph. Then continue typing the paper.

In APA any source that you use in your paper must have an in-text citation. In APA these citations include the author’s last name and the year of the publication in parentheses (Barrett, 2002). If the source you are using does not identify an author, use a shortened version of the source title rather than the author name (“E-Portfolios for Education,” 2006).

This is your introduction. It doesn’t have a heading that says “Introduction,” but this is it. Your introduction should be one to two paragraphs and it is a good idea to conclude by stating your thesis and your research question. (This assignment does not require an “Abstract,” so don’t write one. If you do, it WILL NOT count toward your page assignment.)

Literature Review

Begin your literature review here. A literature review is NOT the same as an annotated bibliography. A literature review should NOT be a string of article summaries. A literature review should be organized by theme/topic/idea – NOT by source. A literature review should synthesize information from several sources. It should compare the information in those sources as it relates to your research question.

What is a Literature Review?

The aim of a literature review is to show your reader that you have read, and have a good grasp of, the main published work in the context of a particular topic or question in your field. This work may be in any format, including online sources. For this assignment, you should use mostly academic (scholarly) articles from peer-reviewed journals. It is best to use articles that are recent (no more than five years old). A literature review may be a separate assignment, or one of the introductory sections of a report, dissertation, or thesis. In the latter cases in particular, the review will be guided by your research objective or by the issue or thesis you are arguing and will provide the framework for your further work.

It is very important to note that your review should not be simply a description of what others have published in the form of a set of summaries, or a personal observation of a topic, but should take the form of a critical discussion, showing insight and an awareness of differing arguments, theories, and approaches. It should be a synthesis and analysis of the relevant published work, linked at all times to your own purpose and rationale (i.e., your research question).

According to Caulley (1992) of La Trobe University, the literature review should:

· compare and contrast different authors' views on an issue


· group authors who draw similar conclusions


· criticize aspects of methodology


· note areas in which authors are in disagreement
• highlight exemplary studies


· highlight gaps in research


· show how your study relates to previous studies


· show how your study relates to the literature in general


· conclude by summarizing what the literature says

The purposes of the review are:

· to define and limit the problem you are working on


· to place your study in an historical perspective


· to avoid unnecessary duplication


· to evaluate promising research methods


· to relate your findings to previous knowledge in the context of identifying the gap and

establishing your research niche.

A good literature review, therefore, is critical of what has been written, identifies areas of controversy, raises questions, and identifies areas that need further research. Your final paper should include 4-6 sources and should be between 2 pages in length or a little more (NOT including the title and reference pages). At the end of your literature review, you should include a paragraph that predicts or hypothesizes an answer(s) to your research question. DO NOT make this paragraph a separate section. Also, there is no “Conclusion” section to this paper.

Finally, be sure to cite all of your sources. Paraphrase (rather than direct quote) as much as possible. You are limited to two brief direct quotes. Use them wisely, if at all. Check your reference list to be sure it includes all of the sources you cited in your paper. DO NOT include any source in your reference list that you did not cite in your paper.

Discussion OR Conclusion

Here you can bring together your findings of what has and has not been accomplished in previous research related to your thesis. If gaps have not been clearly identified in the introduction or let review section, they should be stated here along with your niche, which is in the form of a research question and/or thesis statement, which describes what you would plan to add to the research conversation (m.l.).

(by T. Kolberg, adapted by M. Laib.)

References

Lastname, C. (2008). Title of the source without caps except Proper Nouns or: First word after colon. The Journal or Publication Italicized and Capped, Vol#(Issue#), Page numbers.

Lastname, O. (2010). Online journal using DOI or digital object identifier. Main Online Journal Name, Vol#(Issue#), 159-192. doi: 10.1000/182

Lastname, W. (2009). If there is no DOI use the URL of the main website referenced. Article Without DOI Reference, Vol#(Issue#), 166-212. Retrieved from http://www.mainwebsite.org