Business paper 1500 words 18 hrs
Vincent666
EssaySupportSession1.pptxEssay Support Session
How to write an essay?
Outline
| Part 1 | General Information |
| Part 2 | Practical Examples |
| Part 3 | More Tips: Sources and Supporting Documents |
| Part 4 | Excursus: Referencing |
General Information
Submission and Feedback
Your submission
You need to submit your essay at 23:59 on Wednesday, 9th May 2021.
You need to submit an extended essay of 1500 words (+/-20%) on process barriers in internal communication processes of multinational companies.
Marking and Feedback
Score will become available at 20:00 on Friday, 28th May 2021.
Don’t just see your score, open the file in TurnitinUK and review the feedbacks (in-text and overall feedback).
Reflect and plan 3-5 things to improve on your next assignments.
Fails are double marked, additionally 20% of the whole class are double marked.
Critically discuss the relevance of process barriers to communication in multinational companies. Choose one real life organisational example and demonstrate how the organisation deals with this kind of communication barrier.
The Task
Marking Criteria
Focus (10% weighting).
Knowledge and Understanding (50% weighting).
Argument and Critical Analysis (25% weighting).
Sources and Referencing (10% weighting).
Presentation, Structure and Writing Style (5% weighting).
1. Focus
For example:
Focus on key features of communication barriers (in particular process barriers of communication) and communication process.
Apply these on a carefully chosen organisation (it needs to be a multinational company!).
Case should be appropriate and help to develop your argument.
Consider benefits and drawbacks of means to manage those communication barriers in your application.
Establish links with wider organisational environment.
2. Knowledge and Understanding
For example:
Definition and explanation of communication process, communication barriers and process barriers of communication.
Explanation of how communication barriers may influence the communication process.
Describe relevant elements of your case in order to be able to apply the concepts.
Address the impact of changes in organisational environment on the application of those models.
3. Argument and Critical Analysis
For example:
Presentation of evidence to support your explanations.
Consider different ways of how process barriers may interfere in the communication process.
Discuss whether different communication barriers amplify existing problems of the communication process.
Compare and contrast different managerial approaches to those barriers.
Evaluate benefits and drawbacks of those approaches.
4. Sources and Referencing
For example:
Draw from balanced range of sources including Academic textbooks, Academic journals, Reputable news references. Remember, you need at least two of each (whereby it is possible to replace textbooks and news sources with journal articles).
Apply GIC referencing guidelines (available in “Management: Essay Preparation” section on VLE “FC714 Management”), for example:
Huczynski, A. A. and Buchanan, D. A. (2017). Organizational Behaviour. 9th Edition. Harlow: Pearson.
Steers R.M., Mowday, R.T. and Shapiro D.L. (2004). The future of work motivation. The Academy of Management Review. 29 (3): 379-387
Huczynski and Buchanan (2017: 100) argue that […].
5. Presentation, Structure and Writing Styles
Logically structured
Well written, fluent and coherent
Use a title page and number pages
| Follow these Formatting Guidelines! | |
| font size for text body 12 pts and regular formatting (headings & subheading can vary) one of the following font types are allowed: Times New Roman, Calibri or Arial referencing according to GIC referencing guide font colour: black | background colour: white margin of at least 3 cm to the left, the right and to the top and bottom of your page spacing between paragraphs: 6 pts line spacing: 1.5 text alignment: left or justified |
Cheating and Plagiarism
Cheating and Plagiarism is going to be punished
Don’t use ghost writing services!
Use Turnitin to check your similarity!
Make sure that you upload the final draft before the deadline!
Practical Examples
Good Stuff!
Good Stuff is characterised by…
Use multiple, credible, scholarly references.
Elaborate or explain your points. Word limit? Focus on 1-2 points but elaborate them.
Always back your arguments up by using some kind of data / evidence / reference.
Ensure you pay attention to the assignment brief and answer the question.
Think about balance of points, e.g. Strengths 5, Weakness 5.
Plan ahead: Allocate word limits to different sections – break it down. More words to more important points, fewer to less important ones.
Critical Evaluation!
Use Signposts!
Now, the bad stuff…
Argument
Formatting
Referencing
Bad Stuff: Very busy paragraph!
Bad Stuff: Awkward sentences!
Bad Stuff: Strange, extravagant words!
Bad Stuff: Jumping to conclusions!
Now, the bad stuff…
Argument
Formatting
Referencing
Bad Stuff: Formatting error!
Now, the bad stuff…
Argument
Formatting
Referencing
Bad stuffs – where are the citations???
Bad Stuff: Unreliable sources!
Bad Stuff: Reference formatting error!
Bad Stuff: Not in alphabetical order!
Things to avoid!
Compose your essay in your language and then translate it into English. Worse? Without further proofreading after that!
Busy paragraph, awkward sentence, strange / extravagant terms.
Superficial, jumping conclusion, no evidence provided. Putting facts before academic opinion!
Easy-to-spot errors: Typo, different fonts, no title page, wrong title (EA Games)…
No / over reliance in one source, unreliable sources (UKEssays, Business Case Study, etc.), written not in correct format!
Your reference list doesn't cover all of your in-text citations and vice versa.
More Tips: Sources and Supporting Documents
Check VLE to… find more help
Here you can find tips on how to find literature, how to structure your essay and how to manage the time for your writing process.
Check VLE to… find sources!
More Sources on VLE (“Essay Preparation”)
Boddy, D. (2011) Management. An Introduction. 5th Edition. Harlow: Pearson Education, 462-511.
Cacciattolo, K. (2015) Defining Organisational Communication. European Scientific Journal, 11 (20), pp. 79-87.
Huczynski, A. A. and Buchanan, D. A. (2017). Organizational Behaviour. 9th Edition. Harlow: Pearson Education, 212-248.
Lunenburg, F. C. (2010) Communication: The Process, Barriers, And Improving Effectiveness. Schooling, 1 (1), 1-10.
Mullins, L. J. (2010). Management & Organisational Behaviour. 9th Edition. Harlow: Pearson Education, 208-251.
Robbins, S. P. and Coulter, M. (2012) Management.11th Edition. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 402-427.
Robbins, S. P. and Judge, T. A. (2013) Organizational Behaviour.15th Edition. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 335-365.
Personality is defined as ………………
Two important points:
Personality is what distinguishes us from others
Sense that personality is enduring
BUT there is increasing evidence that personality is subject to change
Check VLE to… get the referencing right
Excursus: Referencing
Where to find the referencing presentation?
IMPORTANT: The referencing presentation provides the same content as the following slides!
Personality is defined as ………………
Two important points:
Personality is what distinguishes us from others
Sense that personality is enduring
BUT there is increasing evidence that personality is subject to change
Outline
| Part A | Why referencing? |
| Part B | Consequences |
| Part C | How to reference? |
This lecture is divided in six parts….
Why referencing?
How would you characterise the two individuals?
One is friendly, happy, talkative. The other is shy and timid.
The concept of personality underpins the unique character of individuals and differences between individuals.
Personality is a measure of personal characteristic and difference.
We will first look at where personality fits in with the five strands of OB.
Transparency
it clarifies where you got you the individual (!) ideas from
it clarifies which sources you used in order to get this information
it helps the reader to trace back how you developed your argument
it fulfils standards of good academic practice: it gives credit to the originators of your information
Personality is defined as ………………
Two important points:
Personality is what distinguishes us from others
Sense that personality is enduring
BUT there is increasing evidence that personality is subject to change
Reliability
you provide evidence for your claims (otherwise it can be assumed you made it up)
you demonstrate that the sources are credible (e.g. academic literature or reputable news sources) and can be relied upon
not everything must be referenced: if your information is commonly known (e.g. Edinburgh is capital of Scotland), you don’t need to provide a reference
Personality is defined as ………………
Two important points:
Personality is what distinguishes us from others
Sense that personality is enduring
BUT there is increasing evidence that personality is subject to change
Consequences
What factors influence how we perceive things?
Different factors influence how they perceive. Our perception might be influenced by what we see and hear, but also by our background, experience.
No references, no pass!
not providing referenced may be considered as a case of plagiarism
not providing references will invalidate the information you provide and the argument you make
not providing enough (or credible!) sources will AT LEAST significantly weaken your argument
Personality is defined as ………………
Two important points:
Personality is what distinguishes us from others
Sense that personality is enduring
BUT there is increasing evidence that personality is subject to change
You were already penalised!
we will deduct scores in the categories of “Knowledge and Understanding”, “Referencing” and “Analysis” depending how severe the lack of references has been
reason for deducting points:
It’s unclear whether your thoughts and claims are displayed or somebody else's.
It’s unclear whether your claims and arguments are made up or evidence based.
points are deducted proportionally, the deduction of points are worth between 5% to 30% of your overall mark
Personality is defined as ………………
Two important points:
Personality is what distinguishes us from others
Sense that personality is enduring
BUT there is increasing evidence that personality is subject to change
How to reference?
Researchers have studied a number of perceptual problems. Essentially problems all come back to the fact that the individual is evaluating perception rather than reality. Remember we have said that what you see as real is defined by your perception.
Referencing Systems
there are different referencing systems (e.g. Harvard referencing, Vancouver etc.), you need to use the referencing system required by your institution (e.g. University, Faculty etc.)
in GIC we use APA referencing system (as described in “Referencing Guide (APA)”, available on VLE)
you need to make sure that you familiarise yourself about the referencing system used, if you e.g. enrol in seminars provided by different institutes they may have different referencing requirements
Personality is defined as ………………
Two important points:
Personality is what distinguishes us from others
Sense that personality is enduring
BUT there is increasing evidence that personality is subject to change
In-text references I
you need to provide a reference for each idea, claim or information you got from a source
even if you used just one source for all information in one paragraph, you need to provide the same reference several times
repeating a reference is normally done by (ibid.)
direct quotes require you to always provide the page number (if the is a page number)
page number also need to be provided if a claim or an idea is located on a particular page rather than in the source as a whole
usual format is (family name, year of publication, page number if applicable), e.g. (Ludwicki-Ziegler, 2020) or (Ludwicki-Ziegler, 2020, p. 3)
Personality is defined as ………………
Two important points:
Personality is what distinguishes us from others
Sense that personality is enduring
BUT there is increasing evidence that personality is subject to change
In-text references II
if you use several sources, you can provide them one after the other (you need to separate them with a semi-colon), for example (Ludwicki-Ziegler, 2020; Henderson and MacVicar, 2019)
if you mention the name of the author already, you don’t need repeat the name in the reference directly afterwards, for example…
Instead of: Ludwicki-Ziegler (Ludwicki-Ziegler, 2020) claimed that referencing is important.
You can use: Ludwicki-Ziegler (2020) claimed that referencing is important.
if you use the same source over and over again, without using any other source in-between, you can use (ibid.), for example…
Ludwicki-Ziegler (2020) claimed that referencing is important. It is highlighted in the presentation, that not referencing may have severe consequences (ibid.). Additionally, information about the re-submission procedure has been provided (ibid.).
Personality is defined as ………………
Two important points:
Personality is what distinguishes us from others
Sense that personality is enduring
BUT there is increasing evidence that personality is subject to change
In-text references III
if you have more than three authors, you use just the family name of the first author and add “et al.”, for example…
Instead of: Ludwicki-Ziegler, Antony, MacVicar and Henderson (2020) claimed that referencing is important.
You can use: Ludwicki-Ziegler et al. (2020) claimed that referencing is important.
Instead of: Referencing is important (Ludwicki-Ziegler, Antony, MacVicar and Henderson, 2020).
You can use: Referencing is important (Ludwicki-Ziegler et al., 2020).
if you use lots of sources, you may want to acquire referencing software (e.g. Endnote or Mendeley), some of it is for free and in some occasions training is provided by the University Library
Personality is defined as ………………
Two important points:
Personality is what distinguishes us from others
Sense that personality is enduring
BUT there is increasing evidence that personality is subject to change
In-text references IV
direct quotes need to be indicated by quotation marks
references for those quotes need to be provided and they need to show the exact place of origin, you normally need to provide a page number
you should shorten the quote by using […] instead of the irrelevant information, but don’t alter the meaning by leaving out important information (!)
Instead of: According to Henderson, Ludwicki-Ziegler highlighted “that referencing is – even though students tend to think otherwise – important” (Henderson, 2020, p. 2).
You can use: According to Henderson, Ludwicki-Ziegler highlighted “that referencing is […] important” (Henderson, 2020, p. 2).
try to avoid direct quotes, rather paraphrase (use your own words), BUT…
if the quote already expresses the thought in the best possible way (this is rare), you can keep it
replacing individual words with synonyms and changing the word order (or the tenses) IS NOT paraphrasing
you need to summarise and express the same thought in your OWN way of wording
Personality is defined as ………………
Two important points:
Personality is what distinguishes us from others
Sense that personality is enduring
BUT there is increasing evidence that personality is subject to change
Referencing List
you need to provide full bibliographic information about the sources you used
online journals are referenced as hard copies if they are made available as hard copies and in pdf format, there is no need to provide the URL
you need to sort your referencing list in alphabetical order
check the referencing guideline about the formats for the individual types of sources
provide the doi for journals
Examples:
Green, D. (2020) Referencing and its importance. In: Dendrinos, P. (ed.) Referencing systems around the world. Glasgow: Kaplan International, pp. 1-11.
Henderson, G. (2019) Your guideline to direct quotes. Retrieved 3rd March 2020 from: http://www.quotesandmore.com/referencing.
Ludwicki-Ziegler, S. (2020) Referencing. Glasgow: Kaplan International.
Ludwicki-Ziegler, S. and Henderson, G. (2019) How to reference. Glasgow: Kaplan International.
Ludwicki-Ziegler, S. and Meadowcroft, J. (2018) Why referencing?. Referencing Journal, 1 (1), p. 1-11. doi: 10.1080/00405840903435733.
Personality is defined as ………………
Two important points:
Personality is what distinguishes us from others
Sense that personality is enduring
BUT there is increasing evidence that personality is subject to change
Your Questions?
Individual Support
Please come forward if you have any question concerning your essay. Please remember that other people may also have questions, so keep your questions short and be prepared.
Don’t ask us to review your whole essay!
We won’t give additional help on the content of your essay via email if you didn’t do the reading!
