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1. What are the managerial implications with respect to information systems?


Managers who understand software can better understand the possibilities and impact of technology. They can make better decisions regarding the strategic value of IT and the potential for technology-driven savings. They can appreciate the challenges, costs, security vulnerabilities, legal and compliance issues, and limitations involved in developing and deploying technology solutions. The flexibility of the software and hardware components gives computers the customization options that managers and businesses demand. Understanding how the layers relate to each other helps managers make better decisions on what options are important to their unique business needs, can influence what they buy, and may have implications for everything from competitiveness to cost overruns to security breaches.

2. What does total "cost of ownership" refer to in terms of information systems and what is its significance in a managerial context?

Leaders and managers should recognize that, there are a whole cost that are associated with creating and supporting an organization's information system. It is not only the costs for a unique software or a purchase price, or even programming costs. Companies should include the cost of: providing training and the necessary support, collecting and relaying comments for system improvements. Also, providing regular backup of important data, and security needs to protect important information. Companies spend too much money of their information system budget just to keep the system running. This is a big loss for any company does that.

3. According to our course discussion, what type of company is Tesla, what do they hope to sell? Why are they more valuable than Ford even though they have yet to make a profit?

Well Tesla is electric automobile manufacturer. But it focuses more on solar energy more than automobiles. Tesla now started to sell solar system for homes and a battery bank that us connected for extra energy. The issue with Tesla is that their product is expensive and only rich can afford # buy their products. I think Tesla hoes to sell an affordable automobile and more of their solar energy system. Of course, Tesla is more valuable than Ford because the unique solar system they use. Tesla does not use gas at all. All their products are powered by electric. Tesla needs at least 10 years in order to make profits. Also, Tesla started to build semi's trucks and many companies such as Walmart started ordering the new trucks.

4. Discuss the roll of timing and technology as it relates to competitive advantage and provide an example of a company that has used timing and technology to grow their company.

I think the best example for a company who used technology to grow is Amazon. If a company didn't adapt to new technologies futures, it will start to loss. Amazon started the option of prime now, where they can deliver within 2 hours window.

Amazon needs many drivers and cars in order to maintain their promise to deliver within 2 hours window. What they did is, they allow drivers to use their own cars. In fact, the training #me for a driver is only an hour. They gave the drivers mini videos to train them and after each video there was a quiz. Prime now has increases Amazon seals by 23% in 2017. Amazon used the right technology and the right #me to grow it business.

5. Give a brief description of each of the factors that is impeding the continued validity of Moore’s Law.

Moore’s Law is possible because the distance between the pathways inside silicon chips gets smaller with each successive generation. While chip plants are incredibly expensive to build, each new generation of fabs can crank out more chips per silicon wafer. And since the pathways are closer together, electrons travel shorter distances. Electrons traveling half the distance to make a calculation mean the chip is twice as fast.
Three interrelated forces—size, heat, and power—threaten to slow down Moore’s Law. When processors are made smaller, the more tightly packed electrons will heat up a chip—so much so that unless today’s most powerful chips are cooled down, they will melt inside their packaging. To keep the fastest computers cool, most PCs, laptops, and video game consoles need fans, and most corporate data centers have elaborate and expensive air conditioning and venting systems to prevent a meltdown. The need to cool modern data centers draws a lot of power and that costs a lot of money.
It’s also important to realize that chips cannot get smaller forever. At some point Moore’s Law will run into the unyielding laws of nature. Chip pathways certainly cannot be shorter than a single molecule, and the actual physical limit is likely larger than that.