Writing Assignment #1
bikalkandel
EssaysMicroeconomicsupdated2.docxWriting Assignments
Please select only 1 of the following options and answer each of the questions related to that option. Your responses should be thorough and well supported. You are encouraged to use our textbook and the online book for this class, which is called Popular Economyths.
A good, well-reasoned, detailed answer should be at least 1.5 to 2 pages (total) in length (and please do NOT rewrite the questions). You need to answer each of the questions for the option you select.
OPTION 1 – The Minimum Wage
Since 2009, the national minimum wage has been $7.25 per hour for most occupations in the private sector. Many of those who support an increase in the minimum wage believe this is one way the government could possibly reduce poverty, while its opponents believe that it creates unemployment and hurts low-skilled workers. The following items address the idea of raising the minimum wage from the current federal minimum of $7.25 per hour.
1) Describe who the suppliers and demanders are in the labor market. Is a government-mandated minimum wage a price floor or ceiling? Discuss the effect of a minimum wage law from a supply and demand standpoint, making sure to address the concept of surplus or shortage, and specify what that shortage or surplus is most commonly called in economic terms.
2) Raising the minimum wage will also affect the labor costs of businesses. What is going to happen to the prices these businesses charge for their products? And who is going to be most affected by these price changes, those with low incomes or those with high incomes?
3) Discuss any potential changes in the incentives for low-skilled workers - those who keep their jobs and their hours - to increase their human capital when the minimum wage increases. What about those who lose their jobs or never get hired? Discuss the incentives for employers to substitute capital inputs (technology and automation) for labor.
4) What might be an unintended impact on government spending on entitlements such as welfare, food stamps, and unemployment compensation because of the changes in the minimum wage and its impact on unemployment and underemployment?
5) Do advocates of a minimum wage law believe that workers should be paid based on their output (i.e., performance) or on their level of need? What do opponents of the minimum wage law believe workers’ wages should be based on? Which one is sustainable and why?
For the sake of comparison, how should students be graded in class, based on their performance or level of need?
6) Advocates of a minimum wage often believe that employers would “exploit” or “take advantage” of their workers if there were no minimum wage. How would you know if employers are “taking advantage” of their workers if there were no minimum wage? What simple thing could the employee do if they believed they were being exploited?
7) What percentage of American workers get paid above minimum wage? In general, why do such workers get paid more than the government-mandated minimum wage if employers are supposedly so greedy?
8) Compare and contrast some of the information contained in the three videos:
Obama: "Raise Minimum Wage to $9 an Hour" - SOTU 2013
How the Minimum Wage Creates Unemployment – Note: this video uses an example of a $5 minimum wage as an illustration only. The same exact point could be made with a minimum wage of $7.25, $9, $12.37, or any other amount, so please do not get hung up on the $5 amount. The point is whether or not the government ought to dictate the wages of a private transaction between a willing employee and employer.
We the Internet TV: Pledge for $15
Describe the main points of each video. Which one or two videos do you agree with more from an economic perspective and why? Be specific!
9) Based on your previous responses, do you believe that the minimum wage should be raised, lowered, remain as it currently is, or be altogether eliminated? If you think there should be a minimum wage, how would you arrive at the specific wage? You need to give a thorough reason for your answer. Who should get to decide how much a worker gets paid, the worker and their employer or a politician? WHY?
OPTION 2 - Outsourcing
There has been much talk in recent time about outsourcing and “sweatshops.” Outsourcing is usually defined as occurring when a company chooses to export some of its production to foreign countries. Jobs in which foreign workers work in “sub-standard” conditions and are paid lower wages (than their American counterparts) are typically referred to as “sweatshops.”
1) What are some of the economic reasons why some firms choose to relocate some of their productive facilities to foreign countries?
2) With regards to low- and high-skill laborers, which domestic (American) workers may gain from outsourcing, and which domestic workers might lose? Why is this the case?
3) With respect to the types of products produced by companies that outsource, what effect may outsourcing have on domestic prices of these products?
4) If the US government wanted to reduce outsourcing, what changes in policy could it make to do so?
5) Please watch the following 2 videos regarding “sweatshops.”
Inside Look at Apple’s Chinese Sweatshops!
John Stossel - Sweatshops
Describe the main points of EACH video. What evidence do they present to reach their overall conclusions?
6) After watching the videos, please tell me if “sweatshops” are a good or bad thing for foreign workers? WHY? You need to thoroughly explain your answer.
OPTION 3 – “Buy American” Provisions
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) was passed by President Obama and Congress in response to the recession of 2007-2009. The primary components of this bill included tax cuts and increased government spending, with an emphasis on infrastructure spending such as roads and bridges. Included in the bill was a “Buy American” provision which required all manufactured goods (a few exceptions did apply) purchased with ARRA funds to be made in the United States. The intention of this provision was to increase jobs in the United States by preventing foreign companies from reaping the rewards of the new spending projects.
1) Are attempts to protect U.S. firms from foreign competition, such as the Buy American provision, good ideas? Explain.
2) Explain why some American companies might be opposed to this provision.
3) Explain whether or not you believe the Buy American provision would create jobs in the United States.
4) What do you think will be the economic consequences of a Buy American provision?
5) Do you believe the government should get involved in this aspect of private business, even when the available funds are coming from the government? If so, why? If not, why not?
6) Watch the following 2 videos:
Why Buying American Made Matters
Describe the main points of EACH video. What evidence do they present to reach their overall conclusions?
Which of these videos make more economic sense than the other? BE SPECIFIC! What points does the better video make that the other fails to adequately address?
OPTION 4 – “Worker-owned” Businesses
Some politicians have recently proposed ideas that would encourage or require more businesses to operate as “co-ops” or “worker-owned” businesses. In such businesses, the workers and the bosses get paid the same amount of money and have an equal say in the management of the business.
1) Do you believe that more businesses should be run in such a manner, as cooperatives in which the owner and employees make roughly the same amount of money?
2) What are the potential drawbacks to the owners of such an idea? What about drawbacks to the workers?
3) If you like the idea of “worker-owned” businesses, should the government require businesses to operate in such a manner? Why or why not?
4) Why do you think some politicians may want to pass laws that would require more businesses to become cooperatives?
5) Please watch the following two videos and answer the following questions.
Capitalism: A Love Story – Workplace Democracy and Cooperatives
Describe the main points of EACH video. What evidence do they present to reach their overall conclusions?
Which of these two videos makes the most sensible economic conclusions? WHY? Be specific.
Writing
Assignments
Please
select
only
1
of
the
following
options
and
answer
each
of
the
questions
related
to
that
option.
Your
responses
should
be
thorough
and
well
supported.
You
are
encouraged
to
use
our
textbook
and
the
online
book
for
this
class,
which
is
called
Popular
Economy
ths
.
A
good,
well
-
reasoned,
detailed
answer
should
be
at
least
1.5
to
2
pages
(
total
)
in
length
(and
please
do
NOT
rewrite
the
questions).
You
need
to
answer
each
of
the
questions
for
the
option
you
select.
OPTION
1
–
The
Minimum
Wage
Since
2009,
the
national
minimum
wage
has
been
$7.25
per
hour
for
most
occupations
in
the
private
sector.
Many
of
those
who
support
an
increase
in
the
minimum
wage
believe
this
is
one
way
the
government
could
possibly
reduce
poverty
,
while
its
opponents
be
lieve
that
it
creates
unemployment
and
hu
rts
low
-
skilled
workers
.
The
following
items
address
the
idea
of
raising
the
minimum
wage
from
the
current
federal
minimum
of
$7.25
per
hour.
1)
Describe
who
the
suppliers
and
demanders
are
in
the
labor
market.
Is
a
government
-
mandated
m
inimum
wage
a
price
floor
or
ceiling?
D
iscuss
the
effect
of
a
minimum
wage
law
from
a
supply
and
demand
standpoint,
making
sure
to
address
the
concept
of
surplus
or
shortage
,
and
speci
fy
what
that
shortage
or
surplus
is
most
commonly
c
alled
in
economic
terms
.
2)
Raising
the
minimum
wage
will
also
affect
the
labor
costs
of
businesses.
What
is
going
to
happen
to
the
prices
these
businesses
charge
for
their
products?
And
who
is
going
to
be
most
affected
by
these
price
changes,
those
with
low
incomes
or
those
with
high
inco
mes?
3)
Discuss
any
potential
changes
in
the
incentives
for
low
-
skilled
workers
-
those
who
keep
their
jobs
and
their
hours
-
to
increase
their
human
capital
when
the
minimum
wage
increases.
What
about
those
who
lose
their
jobs
or
never
get
hired?
Discus
s
the
incentives
for
employers
to
substitute
capital
inputs
(technology
and
automation)
for
labor.
4)
What
might
be
an
unintended
impact
on
government
spending
on
entitlements
such
as
welfare,
food
stamps,
and
unemployment
compensation
because
of
the
changes
in
the
minimum
wage
and
its
impact
on
unemployment
and
underemployment?
Writing Assignments
Please select only 1 of the following options and answer each of the
questions related to that option. Your responses should be thorough and well
supported. You are encouraged to use our textbook and the online book for
this class, which is called Popular Economyths.
A good, well-reasoned, detailed answer should be at least 1.5 to 2 pages
(total) in length (and please do NOT rewrite the questions). You need to
answer each of the questions for the option you select.
OPTION 1 – The Minimum Wage
Since 2009, the national minimum wage has been $7.25 per hour for most
occupations in the private sector. Many of those who support an increase in
the minimum wage believe this is one way the government could possibly
reduce poverty, while its opponents believe that it creates unemployment
and hurts low-skilled workers. The following items address the idea of raising
the minimum wage from the current federal minimum of $7.25 per hour.
1) Describe who the suppliers and demanders are in the labor market. Is a
government-mandated minimum wage a price floor or ceiling? Discuss the
effect of a minimum wage law from a supply and demand standpoint,
making sure to address the concept of surplus or shortage, and specify what
that shortage or surplus is most commonly called in economic terms.
2) Raising the minimum wage will also affect the labor costs of businesses.
What is going to happen to the prices these businesses charge for their
products? And who is going to be most affected by these price changes,
those with low incomes or those with high incomes?
3) Discuss any potential changes in the incentives for low-skilled workers -
those who keep their jobs and their hours - to increase their human capital
when the minimum wage increases. What about those who lose their jobs or
never get hired? Discuss the incentives for employers to substitute capital
inputs (technology and automation) for labor.
4) What might be an unintended impact on government spending on
entitlements such as welfare, food stamps, and unemployment
compensation because of the changes in the minimum wage and its impact
on unemployment and underemployment?
