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AN ANALYSIS OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT’S KEY HISTORICAL EVENTS AND FIGURES MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES (US) AND THE CONSEQUENCES THAT THEY HAD ON THE COUNTRY’S HISTORY

Introduction

In the US, the famous Civil Rights Movement was characterized by a decade-long struggle by Black-Americans and their like-minded supporters to end the then rampant institutionalized racial-motivated discrimination, prejudice, disenfranchisement, and segregation in the country. The Movement began long before the 1960s and continued for the next two decades. However, under the contemporary popular imagination, it is cited as having started in the mid-1950s with the Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education and ended a later. Between the years 1954 and 1968, popular and notable civil rights activists like Malcolm X, W.E.B Du Bois, Rosa Parks, Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, Martin Luther King Jr., etc. fought against the prevailing racial-based social injustices, thus totally impacting and transformation the oppressed (African-American’s) people’s lives.

Primarily, African Americans fought to gain equal rights and protection under the US constitution. The Civil War had officially led to the abolition of slavery in the US. During Reconstruction, Blacks were allowed to take more leadership roles, hold public offices, seek legislative changes for equality, and the exercise their universal suffrage. By 1868, the enactment of the 14TH Amendment accorded Blacks equal protection under the law. Two years later, Blacks could vote under the 15TH Amendment. However, whites, especially those in the South, were never happy that Blacks were now equal to them. Thus, beginning in the late 19TH Century, Southern states enacted the Jim Crow laws to marginalize the Black people, leading to the infamous Southern Segregation and the near reversal of all the progress achieved during Reconstruction. Although northern states never adopted Jim Crow laws, Blacks still suffered discrimination and prejudice in social spheres. The people, especially in the South, continued to suffer the devastating and dehumanizing consequences of racism. Thus, their fight was a reaction against these instances of violence and prejudices that had all along been meted out against them by their oppressors.

Some of the notable civil rights movements events and figures include the [move] to end racially-motivated discrimination and prejudice in the military vide Executive Order 8802 on 25 June 1941 (by President Franklin D Roosevelt) and Executive Order 9981 on 1948 (by President Harry Truman); Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott; the 1960 Greensboro sit-ins; and the 28 August 1963 March on Washington. The others include the Bloody Sunday of 1965; the assassination of Malcolm X on 21 February 1965, and Martin Luther King Jr. on 4 April 1968; and finally, the signing of the Fair Housing Act on 11 April 1968. Generally, these events and figures completely transformed the future of Black Americans in the US. Thanks to the Civil Rights Movement, African Americans enjoy several social rights and protections under the US constitution.

Thesis Statement

The researcher proposes to explore and analyze literature related to the Civil Rights Movement's key historical events and figures. In conclusion, the researcher will attempt to identify some of the implications of the Civil Rights Movement's outcomes in the country. Thus, the researcher will arrive at a clearer understanding of the key events and figures related to the Movement and its consequences to both the Black Americans and the country.

Bibliography of Tentative Sources African American Odyssey. Greensboro Lunch Counter Sit-In. 12 September 1998. 26 September 2020 <https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/educate/lunch.html>. Bond-Nelms, Cheryl. Boycotts, Movements, and Marches: Events That Initiated Social Change During The Civil Rights Movement. 9 February 2018. 26 September 2020 <https://www.aarp.org/politics-society/history/info-2018/civil-rights-events-fd.html>. Civil Rights Digital Library. Civil Rights Act of 1957. 22 September 2020. 26 September 2020 <http://crdl.usg.edu/events/civil_rights_act_1957/?Welcome>. CRF. A Brief History of Jim Crow. 2020. 26 September 2020 <https://www.crf-usa.org/black-history-month/a-brief-history-of-jim-crow>. Jackson, Maurice. "The Civil Rights Movement and Social Change." American Behavioral Scientist - SAGE Journals 12.4 (1969): 8-17. Janken, Kenneth R. The Civil Rights Movement: 1919-1960s. ND. 26 September 2020 <http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/freedom/1917beyond/essays/crm.htm>. Kindig, Jessie. Bloody Sunday Protest March, Selma, Alabama, 7 March 1965. 24 November 2007. 26 September 2020 <https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/bloody-sunday-selma-alabama-march-7-1965/>. Library of Congress. Collections on Civils Rights History Project: Articles and Essays. 2020. 26 September 2020 <https://www.loc.gov/collections/civil-rights-history-project/articles-and-essays/>. —. The Civil Rights Act of 1964: A Long Struggle for Freedom. ND. 26 September 2020 <https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/civil-rights-act/immediate-impact.html>. O'Toole, Kathleen. Economist Says Civil Rights Movement Was Economic Success. 26 January 2000. 26 September 2020 <https://news.stanford.edu/pr/00/000126CivilRightsEcon.html>. Roosevelt, Franklin Delano. Document for 25 June: Executive Order 8802: Prohibition of Discrimination in the Defense Industry. 41 June 1941. 26 September 2020 <https://www.archives.gov/historical-docs/todays-doc/?dod-date=625>. Rosa Parks Institute for Self Development. Rosa Louise Parks Biography. 2015. 26 September 2020 <http://www.rosaparks.org/biography/>. The Martin Luther King, Jr.Research and Education Institute. Civil Rights Act of 1964: 2 July 1964. ND. 26 September 2020 <https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/civil-rights-act-1964>. —. Little Rock School Desegregation: 4 September 1957 to 25 September 1957. ND. 26 September 2020. Truman, Harry S. Executive Order 9981: Desegregation of the Armed Forces (1948). 26 July 1948. 26 September 2020 <https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=84>. Virginia Historical Society. Turning Point: World War II. ND. 26 September 2020 <https://www.virginiahistory.org/collections-and-resources/virginia-history-explorer/civil-rights-movement-virginia/turning-point>. Witter, Brad. Martin Luther King Jr. and 8 Black Activists Who Led the Civil Rights Movement. 24 January 2020. 26 September 2020 <https://www.biography.com/news/martin-luther-king-jr-black-activists-civil-rights-movement>.