Essay 2 Outline & Peer Review

Peijun Xian

ENG7

03/25/2021

Border Hostility against Immigration

Border hostility is normal towards immigrants, but the causes are specific to each country. To address this anxiety, governments have four policy options: tighten immigration restrictions; decrease emigration extreme pressure by intervening in export activities through development assistance and many other means; incorporate immigrants and collaborate forward into their integration, and address the root causes of the anxieties other than immigration. The first two aim to limit immigration in the hopes that fewer inflows will alleviate anti-immigration sentiment. The third argument implies that poor immigrant assimilation is to blame for the anxiety and a dissipate once immigrants assimilate with the native population. The fourth option encourages host countries to confront and address their key challenges rather than blaming immigration for them. Therefore, the purpose of this proposal will be to explore policy developments likely to help in reducing border hostility against immigrants. 

Annotated Bibliography

Zedner, Lucia. "The Hostile Border: Crimmigration, Counter-Terrorism, or Crossing the Line on Rights?" New Criminal Law Review 22.3 (2019): 318-345.

The principle of crimmigration is discussed in this paper, which acknowledges the rising intersection of immigration policy and criminal law as countries aim to monitor migration, prosecute immigration crimes, and protect the sovereign state's borders. These goals have never been more zealously sought than in counter-terrorism when states use the legitimate tools at their disposal to combat global terror organizations and the increase of foreign fighters. The public's apparent approval of border protection imperatives gives some justification for such intrusions but no certainty about their legality. This report considers the effect of new U.K. laws, including the Counter-Terrorism and Immigration Enforcement Act 2019, on fundamental values of rights and legality, as well as the security issues that drive the extension of the police force.

Moyo, Inocent, and Christopher ChangweNshimbi. "Of Borders and fortresses: attitudes towards immigrants from the SADC region in South Africa as a critical factor in the integration of southern Africa." Journal of Borderlands Studies 35.1 (2020): 131-146.

This article reflects on the South African immigration controversy, which centers around refugees from other areas of Africa, and portrays them as unwelcome in a racist and exclusionary manner. According to this article, this, together with South Africa's immigration laws, procedures, and procedures, leads to modes of borders and isolation that run counter to the country's and its neighbors' ambitions for a system connected Southern Africa. Failure to do so jeopardizes the aim of a united Southern Africa and South Africa's contributions to the regional schedule of forming an African Trade Bloc.

Stringer, Amy. "Crossing the border: Latino attitudes toward immigration policy." Journal of International Migration and Integration 19.3 (2018): 701-715.

By analyzing data from the Pew Hispanic Center's National Hispanic Population Survey, which distinguishes substantial segments of the Hispanic population, this paper aims to shed light on Latinos' attitudes toward specific policy initiatives. Few in this divisive immigration debate seem to have considered how Latinos feel about efforts to address illegal immigration in the United States and improve law enforcement along the border with Mexico. That raises questions about the level of support or opposition to such initiatives within the Latino community and across different demographics. However, other polls show that immigrants also support stricter immigration laws. On these issues, the views of most Latin Americans are ambiguous and contradictory.

Wilcock, Cathy. "Hostile immigration policy and the limits of sanctuary as resistance." Social Inclusion 7.4 (2019): 141-151.

The strained relationship among national and local strategies to the inclusiveness of undocumented immigrant 'non-citizens' is the subject of this essay. Though national policies in the United Kingdom have fostered animosity against undocumented refugees, municipal-level communities of refuge include a "warm welcome" that has been lauded as immanently radical in the face of hostility. The degree to which city-based sanctuary campaigns in the United Kingdom offer successful opposition to hostility's government policies is examined in this report. The successful opposition is reinterpreted using only a Foucauldian counter-conduct approach, based on the City of Sanctuary (CoS) campaign's criticisms. The article demonstrates that, contrary to some earlier criticisms, it is difficult to discredit sanctuary as inadequate opposition by introducing a counter-conduct lens to a text review of the CoS newsletter database and online tools. Due to its unequal response to the different discourses within the aggressive environment, CoS is shown as both successful and unsuccessful counter-conduct.

Strijbis, Oliver, and Javier Polavieja. "Immigrants against immigration: Competition, identity and immigrants’ vote on free movement in Switzerland." Electoral Studies 56 (2018): 150-157.

The mystery of immigrants' support for immigration controls can be clarified by allowing for a boundary-making identity unique to the Swiss ethnic elite, as well as vulnerability to occupational and geographical labor market rivalry. Standard anti-immigrant rhetoric theories and ethnic minority voting conduct hypotheses also predict that people with an immigrant heritage are less likely to favor anti-immigration policies than equivalent locals. The authors show that Swiss vote regarding mass immigration in 2014 was not the case. Throughout this referendum, citizens with an immigrant background showed surprisingly high levels of enthusiasm for the immigration-limiting proposal, equal to natives.To clarify this perplexing result, we recommend that we examine two alternate policy choice drivers that have been ignored in the voting literature: Creating racial boundaries and competing in the labor market.

Works Cited

Moyo, Inocent, and Christopher ChangweNshimbi. "Of Borders and fortresses: attitudes towards immigrants from the SADC region in South Africa as a critical factor in the integration of southern Africa." Journal of Borderlands Studies 35.1 (2020): 131-146.

Strijbis, Oliver, and Javier Polavieja. "Immigrants against immigration: Competition, identity and immigrants’ vote on free movement in Switzerland." Electoral Studies 56 (2018): 150-157.

Stringer, Amy. "Crossing the border: Latino attitudes toward immigration policy." Journal of International Migration and Integration 19.3 (2018): 701-715.

Wilcock, Cathy. "Hostile immigration policy and the limits of sanctuary as resistance." Social Inclusion 7.4 (2019): 141-151.

Zedner, Lucia. "The Hostile Border: Crimmigration, Counter-Terrorism, or Crossing the Line on Rights?" New Criminal Law Review 22.3 (2019): 318-345.