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Jason 2171111111 ​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​Eng.​ ​101​ ​Sec.​ ​680

TROPICAL​ ​CYCLONES This​ ​past​ ​summer​ ​has​ ​been​ ​a​ ​very​ ​active​ ​summer​ ​for​ ​tropical​ ​cyclones.​ ​A​ ​tropical​ ​cyclone​ ​“is​ ​a

generic​ ​term​ ​used​ ​by​ ​meteorologists​ ​to​ ​describe​ ​a​ ​rotating,​ ​organized​ ​system​ ​of​ ​clouds​ ​and​ ​thunderstorms that​ ​originates​ ​over​ ​tropical​ ​or​ ​subtropical​ ​waters​ ​and​ ​has​ ​closed,​ ​low-level​ ​circulation”​ ​(NOAA,​ ​2017). Even​ ​though​ ​tropical​ ​cyclones​ ​can​ ​be​ ​classified​ ​by​ ​location,​ ​tropical​ ​cyclones​ ​can​ ​be​ ​classified​ ​by​ ​their intensity​ ​because​ ​tropical​ ​cyclones​ ​can​ ​be​ ​measured​ ​by​ ​wind​ ​speed​ ​and​ ​barometer​ ​pressure.​ ​The​ ​typical tropical​ ​cyclone​ ​in​ ​the​ ​Atlantic​ ​ocean​ ​is​ ​known​ ​as​ ​a​ ​hurricane.​ ​Hurricanes​ ​have​ ​five​ ​categories:​ ​categories 1,​ ​2,​ ​3,​ ​4,​ ​and​ ​5.​ ​The​ ​differences​ ​between​ ​these​ ​categories​ ​are​ ​determined​ ​by​ ​a​ ​scale​ ​called​ ​Saffir-Simpson scale​ ​(The​ ​Hurricane​ ​Watch,​ ​2017).

Categories​ ​1​ ​and​ ​2​ ​hurricanes​ ​are​ ​the​ ​lowest​ ​ranked​ ​hurricanes.​ ​A​ ​category​ ​1​ ​hurricane​ ​occurs when​ ​sustained​ ​winds​ ​reach​ ​between​ ​74​ ​mph​ ​and​ ​95​ ​mph.​ ​This​ ​type​ ​of​ ​cyclone​ ​has​ ​winds​ ​that​ ​can produce​ ​some​ ​damage.​ ​Most​ ​living​ ​creatures​ ​standing​ ​outside​ ​in​ ​the​ ​storm​ ​could​ ​be​ ​seriously​ ​injured​ ​or killed​ ​by​ ​debris​ ​from​ ​the​ ​storm.​ ​(Hurricane,​ ​2015).​ ​Some​ ​flooding​ ​and​ ​small​ ​pier​ ​damage​ ​can​ ​occur.​ ​An example​ ​of​ ​a​ ​category​ ​1​ ​hurricane​ ​is​ ​Irene​ ​in​ ​1999​ ​(Types​ ​of​ ​hurricanes,​ ​n.d.).​ ​A​ ​category​ ​2​ ​storm​ ​occurs when​ ​sustained​ ​winds​ ​reach​ ​between​ ​96​ ​mph​ ​and​ ​110​ ​mph.​ ​This​ ​type​ ​of​ ​storm​ ​has​ ​winds​ ​that​ ​will produce​ ​more​ ​damage​ ​than​ ​the​ ​previous​ ​category.​ ​Well-built​ ​homes​ ​may​ ​suffer​ ​roof​ ​and​ ​siding​ ​damage. High-rise​ ​buildings​ ​may​ ​have​ ​its​ ​windows​ ​broken​ ​by​ ​debris,​ ​which​ ​means​ ​increased​ ​dangers​ ​when​ ​the storm​ ​is​ ​over.​ ​An​ ​example​ ​of​ ​a​ ​category​ ​2​ ​hurricane​ ​is​ ​Hurricane​ ​Frances​ ​in​ ​2004​ ​(Hurricane,​ ​2015).

Categories​ ​3​ ​and​ ​4​ ​hurricanes​ ​are​ ​considered​ ​major​ ​hurricanes.​ ​A​ ​category​ ​3​ ​hurricane​ ​occurs when​ ​sustained​ ​winds​ ​reach​ ​between​ ​111​ ​mph​ ​and​ ​129​ ​mph.​ ​This​ ​type​ ​of​ ​cyclone​ ​has​ ​winds​ ​that​ ​can produce​ ​damage​ ​to​ ​the​ ​structure​ ​of​ ​a​ ​well​ ​built​ ​home.​ ​Big​ ​trees​ ​may​ ​be​ ​brought​ ​down,​ ​and​ ​flooding becomes​ ​a​ ​huge​ ​problem​ ​in​ ​coastal​ ​areas.​ ​An​ ​example​ ​of​ ​a​ ​category​ ​3​ ​hurricane​ ​is​ ​Hurricane​ ​Fran​ ​in​ ​1996 (Hurricane,​ ​2015).​ ​A​ ​category​ ​4​ ​hurricane​ ​happens​ ​when​ ​sustained​ ​winds​ ​reach​ ​131​ ​mph​ ​and​ ​155​ ​mph. This​ ​type​ ​of​ ​storm​ ​usually​ ​produces​ ​major​ ​beach​ ​erosion,​ ​flooding​ ​in​ ​inland​ ​areas,​ ​and​ ​the​ ​risk​ ​of​ ​injury or​ ​death​ ​is​ ​extremely​ ​high​ ​for​ ​living​ ​creatures​ ​standing​ ​outside​ ​(Types​ ​of​ ​hurricanes,​ ​n.d.)​ ​(Hurricane, 2015).​ ​An​ ​example​ ​of​ ​a​ ​category​ ​4​ ​hurricane​ ​is​ ​Hurricane​ ​Charley​ ​in​ ​2004.

A​ ​category​ ​5​ ​hurricane​ ​is​ ​also​ ​a​ ​major​ ​hurricane,​ ​and​ ​it​ ​is​ ​the​ ​most​ ​destructive​ ​hurricane.​ ​A

category​ ​5​ ​hurricane​ ​occurs​ ​when​ ​sustained​ ​winds​ ​exceed​ ​155​ ​mph.​ ​This​ ​type​ ​of​ ​storm​ ​can​ ​produce devastating​ ​damage​ ​such​ ​as:​ ​complete​ ​building​ ​failures,​ ​utility​ ​failures,​ ​blown​ ​out​ ​windows​ ​for​ ​most high-rise​ ​building,​ ​and​ ​extensive​ ​inland​ ​flooding.​ ​Utility​ ​failures​ ​include:​ ​power​ ​outages​ ​which​ ​can​ ​last for​ ​weeks,​ ​and​ ​shortages​ ​in​ ​clean​ ​and​ ​potable​ ​water.​ ​(Hurricane,​ ​2015).​ ​The​ ​most​ ​recent​ ​example​ ​of​ ​a category​ ​5​ ​hurricane​ ​is​ ​Hurricane​ ​Maria​ ​in​ ​September​ ​and​ ​October​ ​of​ ​2017.

In​ ​summation,​ ​hurricanes​ ​can​ ​be​ ​classified​ ​by​ ​their​ ​intensity.​ ​They​ ​are​ ​classified​ ​into​ ​five

categories,​ ​and​ ​can​ ​have​ ​a​ ​devastating​ ​effect​ ​in​ ​life.​ ​After​ ​further​ ​examination,​ ​it​ ​would​ ​probably​ ​be​ ​best if​ ​people​ ​moved​ ​away​ ​from​ ​these​ ​areas​ ​and​ ​lived​ ​in​ ​either​ ​extreme​ ​hot​ ​or​ ​extreme​ ​cold​ ​areas.

Jason 2171111111 ​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​Eng.​ ​101​ ​Sec.​ ​680

Resources Hurricane​ ​safety​ ​and​ ​preparedness.​ ​(2015).​ ​What​ ​is​ ​the​ ​Saffir-Simpson​ ​Hurricane​ ​Wind​ ​Scale?.

The​ ​weather​ ​channel​.​ ​Retrieved​ ​from https://weather.com/safety/hurricane/news/saffir-simpson-hurricane-wind-scale.

National​ ​ocean​ ​service.​ ​(2017).​ ​What​ ​is​ ​the​ ​difference​ ​between​ ​a​ ​hurricane,​ ​a​ ​cyclone,​ ​and​ ​a

typhoon?.​ ​​National​ ​Oceanic​ ​and​ ​Atmospheric​ ​Administration​.​ ​Retrieved​ ​from https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/cyclone.html.

The​ ​hurricane​ ​watch​ ​net.​ ​(2017).​ ​Saffir-Simpson​ ​hurricane​ ​wind​ ​scale.​ ​Retrieved​ ​from

http://www.hwn.org/resources/saffir-simpson-scale.html. Types​ ​of​ ​hurricanes.​ ​(n.d.).​ ​​Hurricane​ ​marketing.​​ ​Retrieved​ ​from

http://www.hurricanemarketing.com/hurricanes/hurricanes_types.htm