Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft by 12/11/2020 at 8 pm ,please use APA style ,1500 words ,follow the rubric and the template

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Essay

Ivis Perez Delgado

Grand Canyon University

NRS-433 V

11/23/2020

The safety of the patients is the major concern of healthcare providers. Patients have to be protected from the potential harm that might occur during the provision of healthcare services. Patient safety forms an important aspect of quality healthcare delivery to the patients. However, the aspect of patients' safety is affected by the increasing cases of preventable medication errors. The effective way of handling medication errors requires a successful process of reporting these medications so that effective strategies can be designed to help in dealing with these healthcare challenges.

Poor reporting practices by the healthcare providers are interfering with the efforts being made towards addressing the issues of medication errors. Lack of reporting in the healthcare facilities is associated with fear of victimization, administrative barriers, and lack of support from the organization management. This discussion is therefore focused on offering critique to two qualitative studies. The discussion is guided by the PICOT question: Does effective reporting system helps in the reduction of medication errors in the medical-surgical units as compared to non during the admission of the patients?

Article I: Alqubasi, M., Tonna, A., Strath, A., & Stewart, D. (2016). Exploring behavioral determinants relating to health professional reporting of medication errors: a qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 72 (7), 887-895. DOI: 10.1007/s00228-016-2054-9

Article II:

Ghezeljeh, T. N., Farahani, A. A., & Ladani, F. K. (2020). Factors affecting nursing error communication in intensive care units: A qualitative study. Nursing Ethics, 24(5). doi:org/10.1177/0969733020952100 Background of the Study

Article I

The purpose of the study was to classify the factors that are related to reporting of the nursing errors by observation of the clinical nurse and the nurse managers' experiences. The research question was aimed at understanding some of the barriers that prevent nurses from providing a report on medication errors. The medication errors are affecting the safety of the patients and therefore, there is a need to have effective measures in place to assists in the reduction of these errors. The study is important in the nursing practice since it informs about the importance of early identification of the barriers to the provision of the reports on the medication errors thus assisting in the improvement of patient safety.

Article II

The study is aimed at exploring the factors that are affecting the communication of the error in the intensive care units. According to this study, communication of the error involves both reporting of the errors to the superiors and ensuring that there is a disclosure of the impacts on the clients and their families. The communication of these errors helps in the prevention of errors and improvement in the safety of the patients. Nevertheless, this objective is affected by the presence of some factors in the healthcare facilities for example the culture of communication, fear of punishment, ethical and professional characteristics, and the consequences of such errors on nurses. This, therefore, informs nurses and the management of the healthcare facilities on the importance of having a change in the organizational culture of communication to ensure that error prevention is achieved.

How these two articles support the nurse practice issue chosen

Article I

The issue chosen is the importance of having a system of medication error reporting within the healthcare facility. In the healthcare facilities, there is evidence of poor implementation process of the reporting practices by the nurses and other healthcare providers. This study is important to the selected practice issue since it reveals the barriers related to the provision of the reports on medication errors. The article is confirming that the process of reporting medication errors is faced with numerous challenges thus making it hard for the nurses to improve the safety of the patients.

Article II

This study is important is to the selected nurse practice since it helps in the identification of the factors that leads to the poor implementation of the practice of reporting the medication errors. It informs about the organizational cultures such as fear of punishment as some of the key issues affecting the successful implementation of the proposed practice.

Method of study

Article I

The authors used a qualitative method with a focused group method to investigate the perception and the feelings of the nurses in the process of giving reports of the nursing errors. The authors used 115 participants who are employed in Tehran and Shiraz. The authors used semi-structured group discussion to help in the collection of data in 17 sessions. The analysis of the collected data was performed using a content analysis approach. The focused group discussion employed by the authors assisted in the measurement of the participants' reactions. Nevertheless, it failed to cover optimum depth on the issue under investigation. The focus group discussion makes it impossible for the members to give their honest and personal opinions.

Article II

The authors employed a qualitative study that was carried out in 2019 using 17 critical care nurses who were purposively recruited from intensive care from the 2 public healthcare facilities. The author collected in-depth semi-structured interviews and performed conventional content analysis. One benefit associated with the use of the in-depth semi-structured interview is that it enables the authors to investigate complex behaviors concerning the factors affecting the communication of medication errors. However, the method does not offer the researcher with the route to the truth but simply a partial insight into what the interviewees are thinking.

Results of the study

Article I

The outcome of this study reveals that nurses are facing barriers that prevent them from giving reports on nursing error cases. Nurses are facing administrative and fear barriers that prevent them from providing reports on nursing errors. The implication of this study is that it allows nurses to identify factors that interfere with the successful implementation of reporting nursing errors.

Article II

The findings of the study reveal that the factors that affect the error in communication within the intensive care units are falling into four categories i.e. the culture in error communication, the consequences of errors for the nurses and the nursing, the consequences of the errors for patients, and the ethical and professional characteristics. These findings have implications on the nursing practices since they inform about the importance of having a supportive environment for the nurses and the development of clear error communication processes as well as the guidelines on the prevention of errors.

Ethical considerations

Article I

The research work needs consideration of important aspects such as ethics. Approval with the relevant authorities is important in research work. The informed consent of the targeted participants is also needed before the use of the study subjects. The authors followed the ethical requirement by providing the description of the research objectives, seeking informed consent, recording the participants' voices, and their willingness to share the study outcome. The authors maintained anonymity and giving the participants an opportunity of withdrawing from the study.

Article II

In this study, the authors sought approval from the Ethics Committee of Iran University of Medical Sciences. The study participants were made aware of the objectives of the study, methods of the study, and the assurance about the protection of the confidential data.

References

Alqubasi, M., Tonna, A., Strath, A., & Stewart, D. (2016). Exploring behavioral determinants relating to health professional reporting of medication errors: a qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 72(7), 887-895. Ghezeljeh, T. N., Farahani, A. A., & Ladani, F. K. (2020). Factors affecting nursing error communication in intensive care units: A qualitative study. Nursing Ethics, 24(5). doi:org/10.1177/0969733020952100