Order #333140 Topic: African American History
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Essay1.pdf
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THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
AFRICANA STUDIES
AFAS/SOC 220 Sections 102 and 202
Introduction to African American Studies. 7W2 Fall 2018
Essay #1. Critical Analysis. November 5th, 2018.
Essay Requirements and Re-write opportunity for this essay: As explained in the syllabus, this essay assignment is divided into three main parts:
(1) You will first write an essay (Original Essay) that is fully responding to the assignments in
this essay file.
You must have fully responded to all the assignments given to qualify for the re-write opportunity.
In other words, the rewrite opportunity is not for extending the due date by submitting an
incomplete Original Essay, but for you to improve your essay. The instructor reserves the right to
deny a student the re-write opportunity based on this policy. If you are denied the re-write
opportunity, explanations will be given. You must also submit your initial file no later than the due
date posted.
Please pay particular attention to these requirements because you can lose up to 30% of your
semester grades if your initial essay does not fully respond to all assignments or is not submitted
before the due date and time because you will not be allowed to participate in the re-write process
described below – no exceptions.
(2) If you qualify, you will participate in evaluating another student’s essay (Essay Workshop).
You will have one week to post a feedback to an assigned student’s Original Essay after it closes.
Guidelines for how to evaluate the other student’s essay will post after the Original Essay closes.
This evaluation process will be graded. During this Workshop process, you too therefore will
receive comments from another student to help you improve your essay. The Essay Workshop is
part of the rewrite process. You must participate in the Essay Workshop to qualify for the re-
write opportunity – no exceptions.
(3) You will then re-write your essay.
Consider your re-write as a new essay that responds to all the assignments in the Original Essay.
Consider your Peer-reviewed Essay to be an improvement of the original one as it incorporates the
feedback given to you by your peer; what you learned from the other student’s essay; and your
views. You will be given one week from the close of the Workshop to write your Final Peer-
reviewed Essay.
Essay Highlights:
(1) The slave trade, systems of slavery, slavery continuance and abolishment policies varied greatly
geographically within North America. These variations produced competing ideologies and
inconsistent Federal policies on slavery in the United States of America up to the start of the Civil
War – resulting in the war being, in part, over the issues of slavery and complicated by race issues.
(2) Despite the brutality and difficult conditions of the system of slavery in the Americas imposed
onto slaves and free persons of color, Black people believed in themselves and forced slave owners
to continually "negotiate, and then renegotiate" the terms and meanings of slavery; developed new
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cultural, political, and economic values using African-heritage ideologies; and actively resisted
slavery in a variety of ways - resulting in the deconstruction of the power structures over time.
(3) The end of the civil war brought to the nation various efforts by individuals, organizations and
the government to give the freed slaves opportunities to become productive members of the country.
From the beginning of the Reconstruction well into the 20th century, the nation continued to address
issues of slavery, freedom, the reconstruction and other new problems specific to African
Americans. Most of these issues continue to plague African Americans today.
(4) One avenue that became necessary for the African American community to solve the problems
of the 20th century was leadership by African Americans. In their own ways, these leaders wanted
what was best for the nation at that time.
Assignments:
(1) Explain the rationalizations and justifications given for the Atlantic Slave Trade; the
expansion of the slave trade in the Americas; and how these trades produced Chattel slavery in the
United States. Your explanations must be clear, with specific examples, as to how the Europeans
were able to acquire the slaves in Africa and how it became legal to own these Blacks as personal
property in the United States. How did Chattel slavery end in the United States?
(2) Referring mostly and specifically to the resources used in this class, analyze the root causes of
the problems and issues that faced African Americans from the beginning of the Reconstruction
Period well into the 20th century. From how you now know about the true nature of Chattel Slavery
in America, how would you argue that the issues of slavery and race continued to complicate
African American identity, freedom and justice well into the 20th century? You may also give
differing reason as to why African Americans collectively continued to face issues specifically
related to their identity well into the 20th century.
(3) Referring mostly and specifically to W.E.B. Du Bois’ The Souls of Black Folk (1903), write a
critical analysis essay that first highlights how Du Bois formulates the problems and issues African
Americans faced at that time. Your essay should then examine his proposed solutions in terms of
completeness by analyzing how the system of slavery had shaped both the races; the economic
structure of the nation; practicability; and the competing nature of his solutions to those proposed by
other leaders at that time. Specific examples and quotes especially from the resources used in this
class must be used in your analysis. Include page numbers even for online resources.
Your response to these assignments must demonstrate your knowledge of the problems and issues
facing the African Diaspora well into the 20th century. Specific examples and quotes especially from the resources used in this class must be used in your essay. Include page numbers in your citations -
even for online resources.
Organization:
Overall, your essay should reflect your understanding of the problems and issues concerning
African Americans well into the 20th century as exposed to you in the resources used in this
course. The title of your paper must reflect the topics in your essay and must be made clear in the
introduction. Your introduction must provide a brief “significance” of the subjects in your essay
and should also lead the reader to a clear understanding of what the essay is about and provide a
plan of analysis. The body of your paper must respond to the assignments by clearly developing,
defending and analyzing your arguments using facts found in the resources used in this class and
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your ideas. The concluding paragraph(s) should not mirror the introduction, but strengthen the body
of your essay while pointing out possible problems with your analysis.
Due Dates:
There will be no extension of these due dates to anyone.
Please understand the Late/Missed work Policy posted in the syllabus. Late essays will not be
accepted and you will receive a grade of zero for this essay. Essays sent by E-mail will not be
accepted – no exceptions.
Please submit either a “.doc” or “.docx” file. Other file formats (including “.pdf” files) will not
be accepted – no exceptions.
Please keep in mind that if your Essay #1 Original Post is not accepted, you cannot participate in
the Rewrite process – no exceptions.
(1) Essay #1 Original Post is due in D2L’s “Assignments: Essay #1 – Original Post” link no later
than 11:59 pm Monday November 19th, 2018.
(2) Essay #1 Peer Review Workshop (Workshop for those who qualify): Details on how to conduct
the workshop will be given on Tuesday November 25th, 2018. The Workshop starts on Tuesday
Afternoon November 20th, 2018 and ends at 11:59 pm Monday November 26th, 2018.
(3) Essay #1 - Peer Reviewed Rewrite (for those who qualify) is due in D2L’s “Assignments:
Essay #1 – Peer Reviewed Rewrite” link no later than 11:59 pm Monday December 3rd, 2018.
Format: Typed and double-spaced with a one-inch left margin.
Use black ink and (around) size 12 of popular fonts.
Type the course/section, title of your essay, and your name on the top center of the first page. A cover sheet is not required.
Page numbers should be on the bottom of the pages.
Although the use of the Modern Language Association (MLA) guidelines in citing your work is preferred, any popular methods are accepted (be consistent).
There are no page limits for this Essay. The length of your essay is not as important as you fully responding to all assignments. In other words, there are no page or word-count limits
for this essay. Only as a guide, your essay should be around 8 pages long.
Grading:
According to the syllabus,
Essay #1 – Original Post is 10% of your final grade.
Essay #1 - Workshop is 20% of your final grade. You must qualify to participate.
Essay #1 - Peer Reviewed Rewrite is 10% of your final grade. You must qualify to
participate.
Please understand the requirements for the three parts of this essay as explained in the syllabus.
These requirements are enforced – no exceptions
This essay (both the Original Post and Peer Reviewed Rewrite) will be graded, in part, based on the
content and context of your responses to the assignments. Your grade in the paper will also be based
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on your integration of the material in the text books and other resources used in this course; your
opinions and on your writing skills. The breakdown of the points in the essay assignments (out of
100%) is:
The title and writing skills: 5% each;
The introduction and conclusion: 10% each;
The body of your essay is to integrate the three sections in the assignments - (1) through (3)
- into a continuous essay:
Part (1) of the assignments 20%
Part (2) of the assignments 20%
Part (3) of the assignments 30%
As explained in the syllabus; there is no make-up for any missed assignment. Please understand
the re-write opportunity given in the syllabus for this essay – no exceptions.
Statement on Plagiarism: Using someone else's ideas or phrases and representing those ideas or phrases as your own, either on purpose or through carelessness, is a serious offense known
as plagiarism. You may not realize it, but certain practices lead others to conclude that someone
else's work is your own. "Ideas or phrases" include written or spoken material. They also include
statistics, lab results, art work, etc. "Someone else" can mean a professional source, such as a
published writer or critic in a book, magazine, encyclopedia, or journal; an electronic resource such
as material you find on the internet. Proper use of footnotes and citations in your work will greatly
reduce chances of plagiarism. Here are some of the practices to avoid:
1. Using someone's exact words and not putting quotation marks around them, which means
the reader has no way of understanding that this is not the work of the author.
2. Using someone's work and not referencing the source.
3. Close paraphrasing (same order of sentences, same order of paragraphs, same order of
sections), with merely a word substituted here and there. This indicates that the work is
really still someone else's. The intellectual work of re-thinking the meaning wasn't done.
This is true even if the source is given.
4. Cutting and Pasting: Using parts of several people's work, which some think is original.
Please note that the sum of sentences from other authors does not make the combination
original.
5. Submitting an item of academic work that has previously been submitted or
simultaneously submitted without fair citation of the original work or authorization by the
faculty member supervising the work.
If you have any doubt, please check with the instructor. Also, please refer to the University of
Arizona's code of academic integrity for procedures concerning misconducts - such as plagiarism -
since these misconducts will not be tolerated in this course.
Helpful Information and Hints.
1. The “Essay Highlights” are not assignments! These guide you on what the essay is about. Understanding this part will help you in the assignments.
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2. Please respond to the assignments. For example, if the assignment is to analyze, please do not
just “report”. A summary of what you read is not an analysis. Your essay should not ignore relevant
literature; however, you can challenge the resources used in this course. Please notice the weights
given to each question in the assignments. Spend more time on the questions carrying more weight.
3. The Modern Language Association (MLA) <http://www.mla.org> publishes handbooks for
writers of research papers for style and documentation of papers. The Purdue Online Writing Lab
(OWL) http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/ has excellent resources on academic writing and
citations practices for both MLA and APA styles.
4. The main purpose of these essays is for you to express how you understand the material being
presented to you in this course. If you have questions or you have an outline of your essay, you are
welcome to contact your instructor for a discussion. Limit your E-mail questions to an anticipated
reply of no more than very few sentences. Outline-discussions can’t be conducted via E-mail. The
instructor can’t read the essay you intend to submit during these consultations.
5. Please, do not “gamble” with the 11:59 pm submission time given on the due
date! Late work will not be accepted - no exceptions.
