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ESECh9-12tablesandfigs.pptChapter 9: The Solar Resource
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Table 9-2. Mean annual daily insolation in W/m2 for
selected world cities
Source: Trewartha & Horn (1980)
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 9-1. Average seasonal solar gain per m2
Figure 9-2. Average seasonal daily hours of direct sun
Source: Norto (1992)
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 9-3. Definition of air mass; air mass = CB/AB. Top is idealized atmosphere as a constant thickness layer. Bottom greatly exaggerates the atmosphere thickness
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 9-4. Relationship between angle between Earth radius and incoming ray of sun, and length of path ab through atmosphere
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 9-5. Fourteen years of integrated kWh/m2 for Ithaca, New York, United States
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 9-6. Maximum averaged daily atmospheric transmittance for Ithaca, New York, United States
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 9-7. View of geometric relationship between the sun’s position, orientation of raised solar device, and compass directions, showing sun striking device at oblique angle
Note: Shown for northern hemisphere
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 9-8. Declination at summer solstice, equinox, and winter solstice
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figures 9-9 and 9-10. Solar altitude by time of day
For 52 N. Lat.:
For 5 N. Lat.:
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 9-11. Distribution of daily clearness ratios K for a range of annual average clearness values Kavg
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 9-12. Plot of F(K-T)
Chapter 10: Solar Photovoltaic Technologies
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Figure 10-1. Annual output of world PV manufacturing and average cost per rated watt of panels, 1975 to 2010. (a)
Sources: Energy Information Administration; Renewable Energy World; BP Energy Statistics; Solar Energy Industries Association
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 10-1. Annual output of world PV manufacturing and average cost per rated watt of panels, 2000 to 2010. (b)
Sources: Energy Information Administration; Renewable Energy World; BP Energy Statistics; Solar Energy Industries Association
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 10-1. Annual output of U.S. PV manufacturing and average cost per rated watt of panels, 2000 to 2010. (c)
Sources: Energy Information Administration; Renewable Energy World; BP Energy Statistics; Solar Energy Industries Association
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Table 10-2. Share of world cumulative installed PV capacity, 2010, total = 40.0 GW
Sources: BP Energy Statistics
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 10-2. Cross section of PV cell
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 10-3. Distribution of photon frequency as a
function of energy 10-19 J
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 10-4. Current as a function of voltage in ideal PV cell for values between V = 0 and V = VOC
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 10-5. Current and power as a function of voltage for PV cell
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 10-9. Comparison of daily 2.24kW PV system output and residential load on June 15, 2011, for household with grid-connected array in Ithaca, New York
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Table 10-3. Representative values of regional productivity per unit of installed capacity for select locations
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Figure 10-12. Output from 2.2 kW array by month in Ithaca, New York, July 2010 to June 2011
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Table 10-4. Cost components and rebate for representative solar PV system (2010 dollar costs)
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Table 10-5. Payback time of PV system, in years, as a function of productivity measured in kWh/kW/year, retail electric prices in $/kWh, and discount rate
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Table 10-6. Components of cost per watt and total cost for 80 MW solar farm (2010 prices in U.S. dollars)
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 10-13. Conceptual graph of two approaches to economic break-even analysis. Case 1, based purely on grounds of cost. Case 2, based on cost combined with environmental benefit
Chapter 11: Active Solar Thermal Applications
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 11-1. Section views of three flat-plate solar collector types: (a) water-type, (b) air-type, (c) unglazed water (swimming pool) type
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 11-2. Section view of absorber plate with a
selective surface
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 11-3. Reverse-return plumbing of a solar collector array
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 11-4. Section view of glass/metal evacuated-tube solar collector
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 11-6. Annual output and performance for a representative day for 3.8 m2 available collection area solar hot water heater system in Ithaca, New York (a)
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 11-6. Daily output and performance for a representative day for 3.8 m2 available collection area solar hot water heater system in Ithaca, New York (b)
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 11-7. Cross section schematics of two forms
of concentrating solar collectors
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 11-9. Schematic of solar cooker based on side reflectors
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 11-11. Air temperature measurements during test solar cooking of 12-pound gross weight casserole on June 15, 2011 in Ithaca, New York
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 11-12. Example efficiency graphs for single- and double-glazed, flat-plate, solar collectors
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 11-13. Example of critical insolation during an idealized solar day
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 11-14. Sketch of heat exchanger, liquid system
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 11-15. Heat exchanger effectiveness as a function of UA, fluid flow on one side of the exchanger. Mass flow rate = 0.15 kg/s and fluid heat capacitance = 3500 J kg-1 K-1
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 11-16. f-value comparisons between liquid
and air solar collectors
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 11-17. Liquid systems f-chart
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 11-18. Air systems f-chart
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Table 11-2. Meteorological data for Sacramento, California, USA
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Table 11-3. Monthly heating load to provide hot water for Example 11-3, GJ
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Table 11-4. Average daily insolation, , on a south-facing solar collector tilted at 43 in Sacramento, California, MJ/m2
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Table 11-5. Intermediate calculation values for Example 11-3, X/A and Y/A
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Table 11-6. Monthly values of X, Y, f, and GJ provided by 8 m2 of collector area for Example 11-3
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Table 11-7. Energy saved, and the corresponding monetary value, for each of the solar collector arrays in Example 11-3
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Table 11-7. Energy saved, and the corresponding monetary value, for each of the solar collector arrays in Example 11-3
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Table 11-8. System costs, amortized at 12% yearly, and net benefit for each of the solar collector arrays in Example 11-3
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 11-19. Net yearly benefit of Example 11-3 solar
collector system
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Figure 11-19. Net yearly benefit of example solar
collector system
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 11-20. Cross-sectional view showing vertical air flow through a pebble thermal storage
Chapter 12: Passive Solar Thermal Applications
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Figure 12-1 and 12-2. Adjusted heating degree-days for several base temperatures and indoor air temperatures
°F
°C
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 12-3. Correlation of measured and adjusted monthly heating degree data for Ithaca, New York, USA
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 12-4. Section schematic of direct gain solar building for winter heating, northern hemisphere
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 12-5. Section schematic of Trombe wall solar building for winter heating, northern hemisphere
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 12-6. Section schematic of sunspace on solar building for winter heating, northern hemisphere
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 12-7. Heat loss paths through a double-glazed window
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Table 12-3. Definitions of reference design designations for vented Trombe wall to be used in LCR method of passive solar heating system analysis
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Table 12-4. LCR table for Billings, Montana, and the 21 passive solar heating system designations listed in Table 12-3
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 12-8. Solar savings fraction as a function of LCR for passive solar wall type TW C3 in Billings, MT
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Table 12-5. Conservation factor table for Billings, Montana, and the 21 passive solar heating system designations from Table 12-4
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 12-9. Sectional view of building ventilated passively by thermal buoyancy
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 12-10. Sectional view of building ventilated passively by a thermosyphon chimney
Source: F Vanek, L Albright, and L Angenent. (2012) Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill. This slide may be distributed as long as this attribution is maintained with the slide.
Figure 12-11. Sketch of overhang for summer shade and winter sun
