EP-2: Draft for Peer Review

The Effect of Carbohydrates on Health and Emotion-Annotated Bibliography

This selection of documents is intended to provide adequate and convincing background information about the relationship among carbohydrates intake, health and emotion. All of the sources cited below are credible and based on the professional and academic resource and research. In this bibliography, all documents are referred from studies or have conducted research and experiments themselves to indicate the carbohydrates effects. Moreover, these documents would mainly focus on the carbohydrates’ impacts from physiologic and psychological perspectives. For example, there are some evidences would support over-eating carbohydrates would result in obesity and diabetes and other evidences would demonstrate the mood-altering effect of carbohydrates on individuals. There is also a great concern for overeating and anorexia as a consequences of stress eating. Additionally, we could investigate this problem from business and political views, which means that current policy and public education would change popular dietary structure. However, carbohydrate is a necessary and essential nutrition group in our daily cuisine, therefore, some documents would show the importance of taking moderate volume of carbohydrates. The purpose of these materials is to serve as a foundation for further research about the carbohydrate impacts and be provided more accurate conclusion. These documents also could offer more suggestions about how to make survey and interview questions more concise and precise.

Sievenpiper, John L. “Low-carbohydrate diets and cardiometabolic health: the importance of carbohydrate quality over quantity.” Nutrition reviews, vol.78 (Supplement_1), pp. 69-77, 2020.08.01.

Sievenpiper’s article provides insight into the detailed influence of carbohydrates intake and diseases. Carbohydrates are closely being involved in the epidemic of obesity, diabetes, and other cardiometabolic disease. Moreover, popular trend and social media attack the traditional carbohydrate and encourage people focus more on the quantity of carbohydrates in the diet. The reason of this tendency is a high intake of carbohydrate causes endocrine deregulation marked by hyperinsulinemia, leading to energy partitioning with increased storage of energy in adipose tissue resulting in adaptive increases in food intake and decreases in energy expenditure. However, although the investigation of this “carbohydrate-insulin model” has shown the requisite of decreasing insulin secretion and increasing fat oxidation, the current study has not proved the expected fat loss would result from low-carbohydrate feeding. Therefore, this article shifts to the quality of carbohydrate intake rather than quantity in the diet. The high-quality carbohydrates, such as whole grains, pulses, or fruit are low in glycemic index and load or high in fiber, which could help the body decease the cardiometabolic risk factors intermediately and are beneficial to weight loss, decreased incidence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular mortality.

Overall, this article offers a very deep insight into the body function response of different types of carbohydrate. This information would be useful for me to analyze quality and quantity of carbohydrate and furtherly research the inside change of our body and side effect. By given the resources, this research would offer me more medical and professional view about the carbohydrate intake. Although this article would be challenge for me to understand many terminologies and knowledge, this a good opportunity to explore more official claims about my argument. I will conduct an interview with this author to ensure the bad influence of eating carbohydrates more and less from biological and chemical views.

Larry Christensen, Ph.D. “The effect of carbohydrates on affect.” Nutrition, vol.13, issue 6, June 1997, pp 503-514. doi: 10.1016/S0899-9007(97)00003-8. 1997.01.24.

Dr. Christensen conducts integrated experiments to explain carbohydrates’ effects on behavior and the theoretical mechanisms based on failure of previous study direction. This article reviews proposed physiologic and psychological mechanisms to explain the carbohydrate-induced behavioral effect and then contributes to the investigation of the mood-altering effect of carbohydrates on various people, such as normal individuals, depressed individuals, obese individuals, and individuals with seasonal affective disorder and premenstrual syndrome. In this way, this report elaborates the relationship between the emotional change and eating disorder due to carbohydrate intake. To review the literature on the carbohydrate-behavior connection, the author analyses the data that could be deeper into questions which are valid for proposed mechanisms and also demonstrates the other proposed mechanisms have not been investigated sufficiently to be valid. This article is apparently show that carbohydrates consumption is related to the individuals’ different experiences, particularly people who suffer from distress, depression and high pressure. However, those depressive individuals would prefer sweet simple carbohydrates, which are the murder of obesity and diabetes.

Overall, the main contribution of this paper is providing a professional and valid evidence of the emotional effect from carbohydrate intake. In terms of my own research and writing, this article makes my argument more persuasive. I could analyze the carbohydrate impact from different types of people, for example, normal individuals, depressed individuals and obese individuals etc. Throughout this report, I would find the consideration of emotional symptoms and eating carbohydrates. This would help me explore why carbohydrates would affect human emotion and brain. Moreover, this article also could offer me a better angle to frame the questions in the survey to DU students and encourage them pay more attention to the carbohydrate intake.

Jebb, Susan A, “Carbohydrates and obesity: from evidence to policy in the UK.” Nutrition Society, vol. 74(3), pp. 215-220. doi: 10.1017/S0029665114001645. 2015-08.

Carbohydrates is an essential nutrition in daily diet and the major source of energy and hence the type and amount of carbohydrate consumed is an important consideration for weight control. In the recent assessments, there are reinforced evidence should the different types of carbohydrate would have specific effects on the risk of obesity. However, the experimental studies have not supported the evidence that high-fiber or whole-grains intake may simply be a marker of a broader dietary pattern. Recent study pays more attention to the association between the intake of free sugars and weight gain and particularly focuses on the link to sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption. Jebb’s study mainly focuses on the policy impact SSB. Although high population-level intake of free sugars identifies actions that will reduce the prevalence of obesity, the paper considers the range of policy options available. Current policy intervenes sugar taken from education and encouragement to industry to invite products which could low in sugar content, but the dietary change is still going slowly. Additionally, from some points, some policies would infringe personal or commercial freedom. Therefore, author suggests more acceptable policies should be implemented and recognized by the public to effectively protect public health and against obesity and other dietary related ill-health.

Overall, this article offers me a broader view of the relevance between carbohydrate and disease from political perspective. This consideration would help me build more deep thoughts about how government and agency could control public health and provide them related suggestions. To look up this article deeply, more effective and efficient future measure would be come up with to better the whole social health. The information from this article could provide me more evidence about the effect of industry behavior and the importance of popular tendency. Furthermore, this give me more sparkling ideas to query in the survey and ask them about the feeling about SSB and influence of government implementation measures.